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Clock relationships
CLK1 and CLK2 refer to two clocks in a design. Logically exclusive clocks can be generated from the same source clock but divided or gated differently, allowing them to co-exist in a design with some defined phase relationship and potential setup/hold violations during timing analysis windows. Asynchronous clocks come from different sources and have no defined phase relationship but require signal integrity analysis due to their infinite window overlap.
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Power Reduction Techniques
The document discusses various low power design techniques including reducing dynamic power through lowering toggle counts, clock gating at different levels, and reducing voltage. It also discusses reducing leakage power through multi threshold voltage cells, power gating, and body biasing. The techniques aim to optimize placement and routing to decrease switching activity and lower cell drive strengths when possible.
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Daily Habits.pdf
The document provides a list of tips for well-being that include exercising regularly, meditating daily, deep breathing when stressed, eating fruits and vegetables, listening to audio books, playing games, reading books, having close friends, getting massages, avoiding cellphones before bed, focusing on long term goals, helping others, fasting occasionally, reflecting quarterly, finding hobbies, sitting up straight, being clean, spending less than earned, practicing gratitude, traveling, and being a good listener.
Clock relationships
CLK1 and CLK2 refer to two clocks in a design. Logically exclusive clocks can be generated from the same source clock but divided or gated differently, allowing them to co-exist in a design with some defined phase relationship and potential setup/hold violations during timing analysis windows. Asynchronous clocks come from different sources and have no defined phase relationship but require signal integrity analysis due to their infinite window overlap.
Vlsi best notes google docs
This document provides resources for learning about the semiconductor industry, including conferences, papers, tutorials and courses. It aims to help readers achieve productivity, learn new things, share information, and gain concise knowledge. The resources cover topics like static and dynamic power analysis, memory macros, verification, low power design, and more. The document is intended to be updated weekly with additional learning materials.
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The document provides 50 pieces of advice on various topics such as working hard, health, knowledge, family, travel, patience, savings, exercise, goals, meditation, diet, work-life balance, charity, learning, career development, strengths, implementing knowledge, hobbies, expertise, language learning, communication, relationships, beliefs, fear, simplicity, dreams, distractions, progress, gratitude, humor, happiness, challenges, technology, schedules, optimism, puzzles, empathy, success, and practice.
Power Reduction Techniques
The document discusses various low power design techniques including reducing dynamic power through lowering toggle counts, clock gating at different levels, and reducing voltage. It also discusses reducing leakage power through multi threshold voltage cells, power gating, and body biasing. The techniques aim to optimize placement and routing to decrease switching activity and lower cell drive strengths when possible.
680report final
This document summarizes a study of built-in self-test (BIST) approaches for detecting single stuck-at faults in combinational logic circuits. Pseudorandom test patterns generated by a linear feedback shift register (LFSR) were applied in parallel and serially to benchmark circuits. Applying patterns in parallel via test-per-clock achieved high fault coverage but required a large LFSR for circuits with many inputs. Reseeding the LFSR improved coverage when an initial seed was ineffective. Seed selection and minimum LFSR size for different application methods were evaluated to optimize BIST fault detection.
676.v3
The document describes several hardware-based data prefetching schemes that aim to reduce memory stalls by prefetching data into caches before it is needed by a program. It introduces fixed offset prefetching, stride-based prefetching, and tag correlated prefetching. It then discusses the simulation setup used to evaluate these schemes and presents results on their performance in terms of CPI, cache hit rate, and average memory access time. The tag correlated prefetching scheme achieved the best overall performance but at the cost of higher hardware complexity compared to the other schemes.
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Eco
This document discusses engineering change orders (ECOs) used to fix timing, functional, power, and clock issues after physical design and sign-off. It describes the motivation for ECOs due to tool limitations and differences between implementation and sign-off. Common ECO techniques are listed for timing (driver upsizing, buffer insertion, etc.), power (vt-swapping, downsizing, etc.), and metal-only ECOs. Timing ECO tools from Synopsys, Cadence, and other vendors are also mentioned. Upcoming ECO technologies like dynamic power optimization and automatic legalization are noted.
Clock mesh sizing slides
This document presents a sequential quadratic programming (SQP) algorithm for sizing clock meshes to minimize area while meeting skew constraints. The algorithm uses adjoint sensitivity analysis and a compact gate model to efficiently compute sensitivities. It formulates and solves a quadratic programming subproblem at each iteration to determine wire width updates. Experimental results on ISCAS and ISPD benchmarks show up to 33% reduction in clock mesh area compared to initial designs. Future work will extend the approach to simultaneously size interconnects and buffers.
Study of inter and intra chip variations
This document discusses sources of variation in integrated circuit manufacturing and design. It covers variations that can occur during the front-end-of-line and back-end-of-line manufacturing processes, as well as variations due to operating conditions like voltage, temperature, and aging over time. The document also discusses approaches for modeling and accounting for variations, such as using timing corners in sign-off analysis and parametric on-chip variation modeling in the standard cell library.
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As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
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1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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This document presents a sequential quadratic programming (SQP) algorithm for sizing clock meshes to minimize area while meeting skew constraints. The algorithm uses adjoint sensitivity analysis and a compact gate model to efficiently compute sensitivities. It formulates and solves a quadratic programming subproblem at each iteration to determine wire width updates. Experimental results on ISCAS and ISPD benchmarks show up to 33% reduction in clock mesh area compared to initial designs. Future work will extend the approach to simultaneously size interconnects and buffers.
Study of inter and intra chip variations
This document discusses sources of variation in integrated circuit manufacturing and design. It covers variations that can occur during the front-end-of-line and back-end-of-line manufacturing processes, as well as variations due to operating conditions like voltage, temperature, and aging over time. The document also discusses approaches for modeling and accounting for variations, such as using timing corners in sign-off analysis and parametric on-chip variation modeling in the standard cell library.
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DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODEL
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
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官方认证美国密歇根州立大学毕业证学位证书原版一模一样
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【美国密歇根州立大学毕业证学位证书】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
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留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
哪里办理(csu毕业证书)查尔斯特大学毕业证硕士学历原版一模一样
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【(csu毕业证书)查尔斯特大学毕业证硕士学历】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
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Unit-III-ELECTROCHEMICAL STORAGE DEVICES.ppt
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECT
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
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