This document discusses monitoring and evaluation (M&E) of national adaptation plans and adaptation processes. It outlines the rationale for M&E, including understanding whether adaptation occurs and learning from experience. M&E can monitor both the NAP process and adaptation outcomes. Challenges to measuring adaptation outcomes include context-specificity and lack of common metrics. The document provides steps to develop an M&E system and examples of how countries monitor adaptation indicators and outcomes. Overall, M&E systems should be tailored to the context and focus first on implementation, then expand to outcomes over time.

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Timo Leiter, GIZ
NAP Expo 2015
14 April 2015,
Bonn, Germany
Monitoring and evaluation (M&E) of
adaptation and the NAP process

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Rationale for M&E of adaptation
Understanding adaptation
• Examining whether adaptation actually takes place
• Learning from experience
Managing adaptation
• Are current adaptation measures/government support effective?
• What can be improved?
Attract & secure funding (nationally and internationally)
Report on progress nationally and internationally

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M&E of what exactly?
M&E of the NAP process
• Is NAP implementation on track?
• Have intended milestones been reached?
M&E of adaptation
• Including: process/implementation, outputs and outcomes
• Are adaptation interventions reaching their intended goals?
• Does the NAP process and national / international support
lead to effective adaptation?
• NAP objective: is CC vulnerability being reduced?

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Monitoring the NAP process
• Check fulfillment of essential functions of the NAP process as
defined by the LDC Expert Group  PEG Tool (June 2015)
• Determine country-specific milestones and compare achievement
over time  SNAP Tool
List of Essential functions:
Report of 24th LEG Meeting
FCCC/SBI/2013/15
Details of the SNAP radar chart:
https://gc21.giz.de/ibt/var/app/wp342
deP/1443/?wpfb_dl=148

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M&E of adaptation
Challenges of measuring outcomes:
1. Adaptation is context-specific
2. There is no common success metric
3. Closely interlinked with achieving sustainable
development
Inputs Outputs Outcomes Impacts

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Developing an adaptation M&E system
Clarify:
• What exactly M&E is monitoring:
• Implementation of a plan, results of CCA measures, vulnerability
• What M&E is done for: purpose
• How will the results be disseminated?
• Who is supposed to use the M&E results?
Key lesson: don’t start with indicators, start with purpose of M&E

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Five steps to set up a national adaptation M&E system
15.04.2015
Step 1:
Analyse and define
the context for M&E
Step 2:
Define the levels
and methodologies
Step 3:
Define indicators,
baselines and data
to be collected
Step 4:
Set up the M&E
system
Step 5:
Use the M&E results
Learning
Further information:
national-level M&E on:

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Monitoring adaptation outcomes
Countries use different approaches:
• Define desired adaptation outcomes (per sector) and associated
indicators  South Africa
• Develop results chains i.e. how adaptation can be achieved through
intended activities  Philippines
• Combining indicators for sectoral adaptation responses with
insights from vulnerability assessments  Germany
• Combine capacity indicators with relevant development indicators
 TAMD approach by IIED (piloted in Cambodia, Ethiopia)
Key lesson: need a tailored approach

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Factsheets of adaptation M&E at the national level
15.04.2015
Each factsheet describes:
• Context: Purpose & policy context
• Process: institutional arrangements,
development of M&E system
• Content: approach, data, indicators,
outputs
• Lessons to date
Accompanying study:
• Comparative analysis
• Recommendations for
designing adaptaton M&E
systems
Available on:

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Repository of adaptation indicators at national level
15.04.2015
Repository of indicators for
• CC impacts
• Adaptation actions
• Adaptation results
Explains adaptation relevance
Illustrative rather than prescriptive:
indicators need to fit the context!
Available on:

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National adaptation M&E: experiences so far
• Review of existing data sources very helpful
• Development process / agreement on system and indicators takes
more than one year
• Start small, increase scope over time
• So far most adaptation M&E systems focus on monitoring
implementation and outputs rather than outcomes
• Keep a user focus
• Making M&E results publicly available
• Use results to report progress nationally and internationally

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Download of publications, factsheets and webinar
recordings on M&E: www.AdaptationCommunity.net
15.04.2015
On the start
page just
click on the
topic of
interest, e.g.
M&E

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Thank you very much!
Timo.Leiter@giz.de
GIZ Competence Centre for Climate Change