Session 56_1 Magnus Swahn

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This document summarizes a presentation about greenhouse gas emissions from transportation and other parts of various products' lifecycles. The presentation includes the following: - An overview of the Non-Profit Association formed in 1993 to publish energy and emission factors from transportation. It traces the development of the organization and its tools over time. - An outline of the organization including members, board, sponsors, office, methodology working groups, database users, and calculation tools. - An agenda for the presentation covering introduction, freight transportation overview, calculations, food, industrial products, and reflections. - Tables showing greenhouse gas reduction targets by various companies indexed to revenue, production units, or absolute reductions. - A

Technology Business

Koldioxidutsläpp från transporter och andra delar av olika
produkters livscykel

Magnus Swahn

Background
1993 1997 1998 1998 2002 2003 2004 2006 2007

Non- First data Passenger NTM web NTMCalc NTMCalc Inter- ISO14048 Sea and
profit of energy transport launched Freight Travel national Air data travel
associa- and included, including published published data Fuel data data
tion is emission name database launched Industry
formed factors changed for data
published to NTM energy
Initially and
only emission
freight factors
with the
name
NGM

2008-2009
Close cooperation with IVL (onwards)
Artemis Road Data
Updated Air data
Updated Sea ferry data
New homepage
General methodology paper/supply chain
New advanced calculation tool (2008-2011)

Organisation

Members
Board
Sponsors
Office Fuels
www.ntm.a.se -Regular
-Alternative
Methodology
Working groups

Goods and Travel Transport
logistics procurement

Database users

Calculation tools Applications Industry data

Programmet

Tid Ämne Föreläsare

8.30 Introduktion Magnus Swahn, NTM

8.40 Godstransport som helhet Åke Sjödin, IVL

9.10 Beräkningar Magnus Swahn

9.35 Livsmedel Zarah Ekmark, KRAV

10.05 Industriprodukter och reflektioner Karin Nordell, Stora Enso

10.30 Slut

GHG Reduction Targets: GHG Intensity

Baxter Int’l 20% indexed to revenue from 2005 – 2010 (GHG)
Canon 25% per production unite 2000 – 2010 (C02)
Caterpillar 20% per million dollars revenue 2002 – 2010 (C02)
Intel Corp 30% per production unit 2004 – 2010 (GHG)
Lockheed M 30% per dollar revenue 2001 – 2010 (GHG)
Raytheon 33% per dollar revenue 2002 – 2009 (GHG)
STMicro’ 50% per manufacturing unit 2000 – 2010 (GHG)
Toyota 20% per volume sales unit 2001 – 2010 (C02)

Source: Citigroup ‘Carbon Limits are Coming’

GHG Reduction Targets: Absolute

3M 30% from 2002 levels by 2007
Allianz 20% from 2000 levels by 2012
BT 25% below 1996 levels by 2010
DuPont at least 15% from 2004 by 2015
Entergy 20% from 2000 to 2010 (US)
Polaroid 25% from 1994 to 2010 (Global)
Sun 20% from 2002 to 2012 (US)
Wal-Mart 20% from 2006 to 2013 (Global)
Weyerhaeuser 40% from 2000 levels by 2020

Source: Citigroup ‘Carbon Limits are Coming’

Fördelning av växthusgaser internationellt

World greenhouse-gas emissions by sector, 2000
(%)

13% 14%

4% Transport
W aste
14%
Agriculture
14%
Deforestaion
Electricity & heat
Industry
Other
24% 17%

Källa: Sternrapporten

Ta

0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
nz
an
Ke i a
ny
In a
B r di e
as n

0.12 0.31 1.2
i
Le lien
ttl

1.8
an
d
K
Th ina
ai
la

3.07 3.84
U nd
ng
4.28
S v er n
er
ig
Ita e
5.65 5.89

lie
Koldioxid per capita

Po n
St Syd len
or a
7.69 8.03

br fri
ita ka
n
T y ni e
s n
D klan
an d
m
a
Ja rk
R pa
ys n
sl
9.19 9.79 9.79 9.8 9.84

S a F a nd
ud inla
10.54

i a nd
r
Ton koldioxid per person och år, 2004

Au abie
st n
ra
12.58 13.38

Fö Ka lien
re na
na da
de Lu U
19.27 20.01

ar xem SA
ab
20.38

e m bu r
ir a g
24.93

te
n
37.8

Källa: Globalis

Fördelning av växthusgaser nationellt - Sverige

Fördelning av Sveriges utsläpp av växthusgaser 2006

El- och värmeproduktion
6%
3% 13%
Bostäder, lokaler och förbränning
inom jord/skogbruk, fiske
13% 7% Inrikes transporter

Industrins förbränning

9% Industriprocesser

Jordbruk

30.7% Avfall
17%
Övriga sektorer*

Källa: Naturvårdsverket

Utvecklingstendens

Change in EU25 CO2 emissions (million tons per year), 2000-2010 (EU forecast)

200

150
transport

100

50
households
services
0

electricity generation
-50 + energy
transformation
industry
-100

Källa: EU-kommissionen. 1995

Sektor eller produkt, hur ska vi mäta?
El- och Bostäder, Inrikes Industrins Industri- Jordbruk Avfall Övriga
Värme- Lokaler, transporter förbränning processer sektorer
produktion Förbränning
inom jord/
skogsbruk,
fiske

5%
Bröd
Vitvara
3%
Jeans
Papper
Stål
Möbler

13 % 7% 31 % 17 % 9% 13 % 3% 6%

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Alex Pruden

Folding is a recent technique for building efficient recursive SNARKs. Several elegant folding protocols have been proposed, such as Nova, Supernova, Hypernova, Protostar, and others. However, all of them rely on an additively homomorphic commitment scheme based on discrete log, and are therefore not post-quantum secure. In this work we present LatticeFold, the first lattice-based folding protocol based on the Module SIS problem. This folding protocol naturally leads to an efficient recursive lattice-based SNARK and an efficient PCD scheme. LatticeFold supports folding low-degree relations, such as R1CS, as well as high-degree relations, such as CCS. The key challenge is to construct a secure folding protocol that works with the Ajtai commitment scheme. The difficulty, is ensuring that extracted witnesses are low norm through many rounds of folding. We present a novel technique using the sumcheck protocol to ensure that extracted witnesses are always low norm no matter how many rounds of folding are used. Our evaluation of the final proof system suggests that it is as performant as Hypernova, while providing post-quantum security. Paper Link: https://eprint.iacr.org/2024/257

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Session 56_1 Magnus Swahn

1. Koldioxidutsläpp från transporter och andra delar av olika produkters livscykel Magnus Swahn

2. Background 1993 1997 1998 1998 2002 2003 2004 2006 2007 Non- First data Passenger NTM web NTMCalc NTMCalc Inter- ISO14048 Sea and profit of energy transport launched Freight Travel national Air data travel associa- and included, including published published data Fuel data data tion is emission name database launched Industry formed factors changed for data published to NTM energy Initially and only emission freight factors with the name NGM 2008-2009 Close cooperation with IVL (onwards) Artemis Road Data Updated Air data Updated Sea ferry data New homepage General methodology paper/supply chain New advanced calculation tool (2008-2011)

3. Organisation Members Board Sponsors Office Fuels www.ntm.a.se -Regular -Alternative Methodology Working groups Goods and Travel Transport logistics procurement Database users Calculation tools Applications Industry data

4. Programmet Tid Ämne Föreläsare 8.30 Introduktion Magnus Swahn, NTM 8.40 Godstransport som helhet Åke Sjödin, IVL 9.10 Beräkningar Magnus Swahn 9.35 Livsmedel Zarah Ekmark, KRAV 10.05 Industriprodukter och reflektioner Karin Nordell, Stora Enso 10.30 Slut

5. GHG Reduction Targets: GHG Intensity Baxter Int’l 20% indexed to revenue from 2005 – 2010 (GHG) Canon 25% per production unite 2000 – 2010 (C02) Caterpillar 20% per million dollars revenue 2002 – 2010 (C02) Intel Corp 30% per production unit 2004 – 2010 (GHG) Lockheed M 30% per dollar revenue 2001 – 2010 (GHG) Raytheon 33% per dollar revenue 2002 – 2009 (GHG) STMicro’ 50% per manufacturing unit 2000 – 2010 (GHG) Toyota 20% per volume sales unit 2001 – 2010 (C02) Source: Citigroup ‘Carbon Limits are Coming’

6. GHG Reduction Targets: Absolute 3M 30% from 2002 levels by 2007 Allianz 20% from 2000 levels by 2012 BT 25% below 1996 levels by 2010 DuPont at least 15% from 2004 by 2015 Entergy 20% from 2000 to 2010 (US) Polaroid 25% from 1994 to 2010 (Global) Sun 20% from 2002 to 2012 (US) Wal-Mart 20% from 2006 to 2013 (Global) Weyerhaeuser 40% from 2000 levels by 2020 Source: Citigroup ‘Carbon Limits are Coming’

7. Fördelning av växthusgaser internationellt World greenhouse-gas emissions by sector, 2000 (%) 13% 14% 4% Transport W aste 14% Agriculture 14% Deforestaion Electricity & heat Industry Other 24% 17% Källa: Sternrapporten

8. Ta 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 nz an Ke i a ny In a B r di e as n 0.12 0.31 1.2 i Le lien ttl 1.8 an d K Th ina ai la 3.07 3.84 U nd ng 4.28 S v er n er ig Ita e 5.65 5.89 lie Koldioxid per capita Po n St Syd len or a 7.69 8.03 br fri ita ka n T y ni e s n D klan an d m a Ja rk R pa ys n sl 9.19 9.79 9.79 9.8 9.84 S a F a nd ud inla 10.54 i a nd r Ton koldioxid per person och år, 2004 Au abie st n ra 12.58 13.38 Fö Ka lien re na na da de Lu U 19.27 20.01 ar xem SA ab 20.38 e m bu r ir a g 24.93 te n 37.8 Källa: Globalis

9. Fördelning av växthusgaser nationellt - Sverige Fördelning av Sveriges utsläpp av växthusgaser 2006 El- och värmeproduktion 6% 3% 13% Bostäder, lokaler och förbränning inom jord/skogbruk, fiske 13% 7% Inrikes transporter Industrins förbränning 9% Industriprocesser Jordbruk 30.7% Avfall 17% Övriga sektorer* Källa: Naturvårdsverket

10. Utvecklingstendens Change in EU25 CO2 emissions (million tons per year), 2000-2010 (EU forecast) 200 150 transport 100 50 households services 0 electricity generation -50 + energy transformation industry -100 Källa: EU-kommissionen. 1995

11. Sektor eller produkt, hur ska vi mäta? El- och Bostäder, Inrikes Industrins Industri- Jordbruk Avfall Övriga Värme- Lokaler, transporter förbränning processer sektorer produktion Förbränning inom jord/ skogsbruk, fiske 5% Bröd Vitvara 3% Jeans Papper Stål Möbler 13 % 7% 31 % 17 % 9% 13 % 3% 6%

Session 56_1 Magnus Swahn

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