The document discusses trends in the Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) program from 1988 to 1999. It notes that TRI reporting began in 1988 under the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA). The Pollution Prevention Act of 1990 added waste management reporting. The chemical list was expanded in 1995. In 1998, seven additional industry sectors began reporting to TRI, broadening the scope of the program. Over this period, both the volume of toxic chemicals managed and released by facilities, and the number of reporting companies, trended downward.
Toxic Release Inventory 2008 and Los Angeles County Median Household Income 1999rudycastaneda
This map identifies median household income population in los angeles county and the number of toxic releases recorded in 2008.Median household income in Los Angeles is 46,499 for 1999. Is there a greater number of toxic sites in lower household income areas? You decide.
An overview of the Challenge Program on Water and Food's research-for-development results, and plans to address global challenges, from CPWF Director, Dr Alain Vidal
A syntesis from World Economic Forum Europe's Competitiveness Report, presented by Carl Bjorkman, Director, Head of government and international organizations relations, World Economic Forum and garagErasmus' Board member.
Toxic Release Inventory 2008 and Los Angeles County Median Household Income 1999rudycastaneda
This map identifies median household income population in los angeles county and the number of toxic releases recorded in 2008.Median household income in Los Angeles is 46,499 for 1999. Is there a greater number of toxic sites in lower household income areas? You decide.
An overview of the Challenge Program on Water and Food's research-for-development results, and plans to address global challenges, from CPWF Director, Dr Alain Vidal
A syntesis from World Economic Forum Europe's Competitiveness Report, presented by Carl Bjorkman, Director, Head of government and international organizations relations, World Economic Forum and garagErasmus' Board member.
Mining industry has one of the highest injury rates among the major industry divisions. Occupational
injuries result in socio-economical consequences for miners, industry as well as for society. Occupational
injuries include accidental injuries and health hazards. In Indian mining industry accidental injuries
is a major concern so far. With increasing mechanization of coal mines, a new dimension needs to be
established in the field of occupational health and safety issues of the miners. In this paper authors
emphasized consequences of dust related diseases, especially Coal Miners Pneumoconiosis and also the
occupational health surveillance of the disease in coal mines for effective elimination of the hazard
with a case study of Singareni Collieries Company Limited (SCCL).
Keywords: Coal miners’ pneumoconiosis, Occupational health, Mechanization, Miner,
Surveillance, SCCL
Civic Exchange - 2009 The Air We Breathe Conference - The Economics of Managi...Civic Exchange
Civic Exchange 2009 The Air We Breathe Conference - Experts Symposium 9 January 2009
The Economics of Managing Damaging Pollutants from Marine Sources
presented by Terry Barket (University of Cambridge and Cambridge Econometrics)
http://air.dialogue.org.hk
BusinessVibes (www.businessvibes.com) organized rubber and plastics industry webinar showcasing industry updates, trends and challenges from industry bigwigs The British Plastics Federation, Plastics Europe - Association of Plastics Manufacturers, The Italian Plastics and Rubber Machinery Industry (Assocomaplast) and Malaysian Rubber Board
Livestock production and poverty alleviation in arid and semi-arid tropica...ILRI
Presented by Carlos Seré, Augustine Ayantunde, Alan Duncan, Ade Freeman, Mario Herrero, Shirley Tarawali, and Iain Wright at the XXI International Grassland Congress and VIII International Rangeland Congress, held in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China from 29 June - 5 July 2008
Pascal Hartmann is a German sociologist and an experienced strategy executive and theory designer. He is also the Director of the R & D Department at Logon Architecture. With an eye to the future, his work embraces the architectural heritage of the city in a sustainable fashion.
PROSPECTS AND CHALLENGES IN THE REDD IMPLEMENTATION: Vietnam’s experience in ...CIFOR-ICRAF
Presentation by Dr. Pham Manh Cuong, Department of Forestry
Measuring and monitoring, baselines and leakage, Forest Day 3
Sunday, 13 December 2009
Copenhagen, Denmark
Do contrasting social expectations along with biological differences lead men and women to be affected differently by environmental contaminants like mercury or pesticides? How do gender and sex interact and impact population health? Professor Donna Mergler has authored more than 150 scientific articles and has given many lectures around the world on the subject, and will share her research on how to promote social and gender considerations when conducting environmental health research.
Mining industry has one of the highest injury rates among the major industry divisions. Occupational
injuries result in socio-economical consequences for miners, industry as well as for society. Occupational
injuries include accidental injuries and health hazards. In Indian mining industry accidental injuries
is a major concern so far. With increasing mechanization of coal mines, a new dimension needs to be
established in the field of occupational health and safety issues of the miners. In this paper authors
emphasized consequences of dust related diseases, especially Coal Miners Pneumoconiosis and also the
occupational health surveillance of the disease in coal mines for effective elimination of the hazard
with a case study of Singareni Collieries Company Limited (SCCL).
Keywords: Coal miners’ pneumoconiosis, Occupational health, Mechanization, Miner,
Surveillance, SCCL
Civic Exchange - 2009 The Air We Breathe Conference - The Economics of Managi...Civic Exchange
Civic Exchange 2009 The Air We Breathe Conference - Experts Symposium 9 January 2009
The Economics of Managing Damaging Pollutants from Marine Sources
presented by Terry Barket (University of Cambridge and Cambridge Econometrics)
http://air.dialogue.org.hk
BusinessVibes (www.businessvibes.com) organized rubber and plastics industry webinar showcasing industry updates, trends and challenges from industry bigwigs The British Plastics Federation, Plastics Europe - Association of Plastics Manufacturers, The Italian Plastics and Rubber Machinery Industry (Assocomaplast) and Malaysian Rubber Board
Livestock production and poverty alleviation in arid and semi-arid tropica...ILRI
Presented by Carlos Seré, Augustine Ayantunde, Alan Duncan, Ade Freeman, Mario Herrero, Shirley Tarawali, and Iain Wright at the XXI International Grassland Congress and VIII International Rangeland Congress, held in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China from 29 June - 5 July 2008
Pascal Hartmann is a German sociologist and an experienced strategy executive and theory designer. He is also the Director of the R & D Department at Logon Architecture. With an eye to the future, his work embraces the architectural heritage of the city in a sustainable fashion.
PROSPECTS AND CHALLENGES IN THE REDD IMPLEMENTATION: Vietnam’s experience in ...CIFOR-ICRAF
Presentation by Dr. Pham Manh Cuong, Department of Forestry
Measuring and monitoring, baselines and leakage, Forest Day 3
Sunday, 13 December 2009
Copenhagen, Denmark
Similar to Steve De Vito: US Toxics Release Inventory (20)
Do contrasting social expectations along with biological differences lead men and women to be affected differently by environmental contaminants like mercury or pesticides? How do gender and sex interact and impact population health? Professor Donna Mergler has authored more than 150 scientific articles and has given many lectures around the world on the subject, and will share her research on how to promote social and gender considerations when conducting environmental health research.
Glen P. Kedzie, Vice President, Energy and Environmental Council, American Trucking Associations spoke at the CEC's Joint Public Advisory Committee round table on sustainable transportation in North America on July 10, 2013. More at: http://cec.org/council2013
Diane Gray, President and CEO, CentrePort Canada, Inc., spoke during the CEC's Joint Public Advisory Committee's round table on sustainable transportation on July 10, 2013. More info. at http://cec.org/council2013
Abel López Dodero, coordinador de la Dirección de Sistemas Integrados de Transporte, CTS EMBARQ México, habló durante las mesas redondas de discusión del Comité Consultivo Público Conjunto sobre transporte sustentable en América del Norte el 10 de julio de 2013. Más información en http://cec.org/consejo2013
More from North American Commission for Environmental Cooperation (20)
Alt. GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using ...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
SAP Sapphire 2024 - ASUG301 building better apps with SAP Fiori.pdfPeter Spielvogel
Building better applications for business users with SAP Fiori.
• What is SAP Fiori and why it matters to you
• How a better user experience drives measurable business benefits
• How to get started with SAP Fiori today
• How SAP Fiori elements accelerates application development
• How SAP Build Code includes SAP Fiori tools and other generative artificial intelligence capabilities
• How SAP Fiori paves the way for using AI in SAP apps
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Essentials of Automations: The Art of Triggers and Actions in FMESafe Software
In this second installment of our Essentials of Automations webinar series, we’ll explore the landscape of triggers and actions, guiding you through the nuances of authoring and adapting workspaces for seamless automations. Gain an understanding of the full spectrum of triggers and actions available in FME, empowering you to enhance your workspaces for efficient automation.
We’ll kick things off by showcasing the most commonly used event-based triggers, introducing you to various automation workflows like manual triggers, schedules, directory watchers, and more. Plus, see how these elements play out in real scenarios.
Whether you’re tweaking your current setup or building from the ground up, this session will arm you with the tools and insights needed to transform your FME usage into a powerhouse of productivity. Join us to discover effective strategies that simplify complex processes, enhancing your productivity and transforming your data management practices with FME. Let’s turn complexity into clarity and make your workspaces work wonders!
Enhancing Performance with Globus and the Science DMZGlobus
ESnet has led the way in helping national facilities—and many other institutions in the research community—configure Science DMZs and troubleshoot network issues to maximize data transfer performance. In this talk we will present a summary of approaches and tips for getting the most out of your network infrastructure using Globus Connect Server.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
PHP Frameworks: I want to break free (IPC Berlin 2024)Ralf Eggert
In this presentation, we examine the challenges and limitations of relying too heavily on PHP frameworks in web development. We discuss the history of PHP and its frameworks to understand how this dependence has evolved. The focus will be on providing concrete tips and strategies to reduce reliance on these frameworks, based on real-world examples and practical considerations. The goal is to equip developers with the skills and knowledge to create more flexible and future-proof web applications. We'll explore the importance of maintaining autonomy in a rapidly changing tech landscape and how to make informed decisions in PHP development.
This talk is aimed at encouraging a more independent approach to using PHP frameworks, moving towards a more flexible and future-proof approach to PHP development.
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Generative AI Deep Dive: Advancing from Proof of Concept to ProductionAggregage
Join Maher Hanafi, VP of Engineering at Betterworks, in this new session where he'll share a practical framework to transform Gen AI prototypes into impactful products! He'll delve into the complexities of data collection and management, model selection and optimization, and ensuring security, scalability, and responsible use.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
zkStudyClub - Reef: Fast Succinct Non-Interactive Zero-Knowledge Regex ProofsAlex Pruden
This paper presents Reef, a system for generating publicly verifiable succinct non-interactive zero-knowledge proofs that a committed document matches or does not match a regular expression. We describe applications such as proving the strength of passwords, the provenance of email despite redactions, the validity of oblivious DNS queries, and the existence of mutations in DNA. Reef supports the Perl Compatible Regular Expression syntax, including wildcards, alternation, ranges, capture groups, Kleene star, negations, and lookarounds. Reef introduces a new type of automata, Skipping Alternating Finite Automata (SAFA), that skips irrelevant parts of a document when producing proofs without undermining soundness, and instantiates SAFA with a lookup argument. Our experimental evaluation confirms that Reef can generate proofs for documents with 32M characters; the proofs are small and cheap to verify (under a second).
Paper: https://eprint.iacr.org/2023/1886
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...
Steve De Vito: US Toxics Release Inventory
1. The Toxics Release Inventory
Past, Present, and Future
Directions
By
Stephen C. DeVito, Ph.D., R.Ph.
U.S. EPA
October, 2012
10/30/2012 1
2. TRI Trends: 1988
TRI
40 30
35
25
Reporters (Thousands)
30
Pounds (billions)
20
25
20 15
EPCRA
15
10
10
5
5
0 0
1990
2007
1988
1989
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2008
2009
2010
Manufacturers: Total Production-related Waste
Manufacturers: Releases and Disposal Other Sectors: Total Production-related Waste
Other Sectors: Releases and Disposal
Manufacturers: Releases and Disposal
Manufacturers: Total Production-related Waste Other Sectors: Releases and Disposal
Other Sectors: Total Production-related Waste
Number of Reporters
Number of Reporters
1988: 2nd year of TRI reporting under Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA).
10/30/2012 2
3. TRI Trends: 1988-1989
TRI
40 30
35
25
Reporters (Thousands)
30
Pounds (billions)
Pounds (billions)
20
25
20 15
EPCRA
15
10
10
5
5
0 0
1990
2007
1988
1989
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2008
2009
2010
Manufacturers: Total Production-related Waste
Manufacturers: Releases and Disposal Other Sectors: Total Production-related Waste
Other Sectors: Releases and Disposal
Manufacturers: Releases and Disposal
Manufacturers: Total Production-related Waste Other Sectors: Releases and Disposal
Other Sectors: Total Production-related Waste
Number of Reporters
Number of Reporters
10/30/2012 3
4. TRI Trends: 1988-1990
TRI
40 30
35
25
Reporters (Thousands)
30
Pounds (billions)
20
25
20 15
EPCRA
15
10
10
5
5
0 0
1990
2007
1988
1989
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2008
2009
2010
Manufacturers: Total Production-related Waste
Manufacturers: Releases and Disposal Other Sectors: Total Production-related Waste
Other Sectors: Releases and Disposal
Manufacturers: Releases and Disposal
Manufacturers: Total Production-related Waste Other Sectors: Releases and Disposal
Other Sectors: Total Production-related Waste
Number of Reporters
Number of Reporters
10/30/2012 4
5. TRI Trends: 1988-1991
TRI
40 30
35
25
Reporters (Thousands)
30
Pounds (billions)
20
25
20 15
EPCRA
PPA
15
10
10
5
5
0 0
1990
2007
1988
1989
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2008
2009
2010
Manufacturers: Total Production-related Waste
Manufacturers: Releases and Disposal Other Sectors: Total Production-related Waste
Other Sectors: Releases and Disposal
Manufacturers: Releases and Disposal
Manufacturers: Total Production-related Waste Other Sectors: Releases and Disposal
Other Sectors: Total Production-related Waste
Number of Reporters
Number of Reporters
1991: Pollution Prevention Act (PPA) adds waste management reporting to TRI.
10/30/2012 5
6. TRI Trends: 1988-1992
TRI
40 30
35
25
Reporters (Thousands)
30
Pounds (billions)
20
25
20 15
EPCRA
PPA
15
10
10
5
5
0 0
1990
2007
1988
1989
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2008
2009
2010
Manufacturers: Total Production-related Waste
Manufacturers: Releases and Disposal Other Sectors: Total Production-related Waste
Other Sectors: Releases and Disposal
Manufacturers: Releases and Disposal
Manufacturers: Total Production-related Waste Other Sectors: Releases and Disposal
Other Sectors: Total Production-related Waste
Number of Reporters
Number of Reporters
10/30/2012 6
7. TRI Trends: 1988-1993
TRI
40 30
35
25
Reporters (Thousands)
30
Pounds (billions)
20
25
20 15
EPCRA
PPA
15
10
10
5
5
0 0
1990
2007
1988
1989
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2008
2009
2010
Manufacturers: Total Production-related Waste
Manufacturers: Releases and Disposal Other Sectors: Total Production-related Waste
Other Sectors: Releases and Disposal
Manufacturers: Releases and Disposal
Manufacturers: Total Production-related Waste Other Sectors: Releases and Disposal
Other Sectors: Total Production-related Waste
Number of Reporters
Number of Reporters
10/30/2012 7
8. TRI Trends: 1988-1994
TRI
40 30
35
25
Reporters (Thousands)
30
Pounds (billions)
20
25
20 15
EPCRA
PPA
15
10
10
5
5
0 0
1990
2007
1988
1989
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2008
2009
2010
Manufacturers: Total Production-related Waste
Manufacturers: Releases and Disposal Other Sectors: Total Production-related Waste
Other Sectors: Releases and Disposal
Manufacturers: Releases and Disposal
Manufacturers: Total Production-related Waste Other Sectors: Releases and Disposal
Other Sectors: Total Production-related Waste
Number of Reporters
Number of Reporters
10/30/2012 8
9. TRI Trends: 1988-1995
TRI
40 30
35
25
Reporters (Thousands)
30
Pounds (billions)
20
25
CHEMICALS
20 15
EPCRA
PPA
15
10
10
5
5
0 0
1990
2007
1988
1989
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2008
2009
2010
Manufacturers: Total Production-related Waste
Manufacturers: Releases and Disposal Other Sectors: Total Production-related Waste
Other Sectors: Releases and Disposal
Manufacturers: Releases and Disposal
Manufacturers: Total Production-related Waste Other Sectors: Releases and Disposal
Other Sectors: Total Production-related Waste
Number of Reporters
Number of Reporters
1995: Chemical expansion adds close to 300 chemicals to TRI.
10/30/2012 9
10. TRI Trends: 1988-1996
TRI
40 30
35
25
Reporters (Thousands)
30
Pounds (billions)
20
25
CHEMICALS
20 15
EPCRA
PPA
15
10
10
5
5
0 0
1990
2007
1988
1989
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2008
2009
2010
Manufacturers: Total Production-related Waste
Manufacturers: Releases and Disposal Other Sectors: Total Production-related Waste
Other Sectors: Releases and Disposal
Manufacturers: Releases and Disposal
Manufacturers: Total Production-related Waste Other Sectors: Releases and Disposal
Other Sectors: Total Production-related Waste
Number of Reporters
Number of Reporters
10/30/2012 10
11. TRI Trends: 1988-1997
TRI
40 30
35
25
Reporters (Thousands)
30
Pounds (billions)
20
25
CHEMICALS
20 15
EPCRA
PPA
15
10
10
5
5
0 0
1990
2007
1988
1989
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2008
2009
2010
Manufacturers: Total Production-related Waste
Manufacturers: Releases and Disposal Other Sectors: Total Production-related Waste
Other Sectors: Releases and Disposal
Manufacturers: Releases and Disposal
Manufacturers: Total Production-related Waste Other Sectors: Releases and Disposal
Other Sectors: Total Production-related Waste
Number of Reporters
Number of Reporters
10/30/2012 11
12. TRI Trends: 1988-1998
TRI
40 30
35
25
Reporters (Thousands)
30
Pounds (billions)
20
25
CHEMICALS
20 15
SECTORS
EPCRA
PPA
15
10
10
5
5
0 0
1990
2007
1988
1989
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2008
2009
2010
Manufacturers: Total Production-related Waste
Manufacturers: Releases and Disposal Other Sectors: Total Production-related Waste
Other Sectors: Releases and Disposal
Manufacturers: Releases and Disposal
Manufacturers: Total Production-related Waste Other Sectors: Releases and Disposal
Other Sectors: Total Production-related Waste
Number of Reporters
Number of Reporters
1998: Seven industry sectors are added to TRI – metal mining, coal mining, electric utilities, chemical wholesale
distributors, petroleum bulk storage/terminals, hazardous waste management facilities, and solvent recovery facilities.
10/30/2012 12
13. TRI Trends: 1988-1999
TRI
40 30
35
25
Reporters (Thousands)
30
Pounds (billions)
20
25
CHEMICALS
20 15
SECTORS
EPCRA
PPA
15
10
10
5
5
0 0
1990
2007
1988
1989
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2008
2009
2010
Manufacturers: Total Production-related Waste
Manufacturers: Releases and Disposal Other Sectors: Total Production-related Waste
Other Sectors: Releases and Disposal
Manufacturers: Releases and Disposal
Manufacturers: Total Production-related Waste Other Sectors: Releases and Disposal
Other Sectors: Total Production-related Waste
Number of Reporters
Number of Reporters
10/30/2012 13
14. TRI Trends: 1988-2000
TRI
40 30
35
25
Reporters (Thousands)
30
Pounds (billions)
20
25
CHEMICALS
20 15
SECTORS
EPCRA
PBTs
PPA
15
10
10
5
5
0 0
1990
2007
1988
1989
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2008
2009
2010
Manufacturers: Total Production-related Waste
Manufacturers: Releases and Disposal Other Sectors: Total Production-related Waste
Other Sectors: Releases and Disposal
Manufacturers: Releases and Disposal
Manufacturers: Total Production-related Waste Other Sectors: Releases and Disposal
Other Sectors: Total Production-related Waste
Number of Reporters
Number of Reporters
2000: Persistent bioaccumulative toxic (PBT) chemicals are added to TRI and the reporting thresholds are lowered for
both recently added PBT chemicals and most previously covered PBT chemicals.
10/30/2012 14
15. TRI Trends: 1988-2001
TRI
40 30
35
25
Reporters (Thousands)
30
Pounds (billions)
20
25
CHEMICALS
20 15
SECTORS
EPCRA
LEAD
PBTs
PPA
15
10
10
5
5
0 0
1990
2007
1988
1989
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2008
2009
2010
Manufacturers: Total Production-related Waste
Manufacturers: Releases and Disposal Other Sectors: Total Production-related Waste
Other Sectors: Releases and Disposal
Manufacturers: Releases and Disposal
Manufacturers: Total Production-related Waste Other Sectors: Releases and Disposal
Other Sectors: Total Production-related Waste
Number of Reporters
Number of Reporters
2001: The reporting thresholds are lowered for Lead and Lead Compounds, PBT chemicals.
10/30/2012 15
16. TRI Trends: 1988-2002
TRI
40 30
35
25
Reporters (Thousands)
30
Pounds (billions)
20
25
CHEMICALS
20 15
SECTORS
EPCRA
LEAD
PBTs
PPA
15
10
10
5
5
0 0
1990
2007
1988
1989
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2008
2009
2010
Manufacturers: Total Production-related Waste
Manufacturers: Releases and Disposal Other Sectors: Total Production-related Waste
Other Sectors: Releases and Disposal
Manufacturers: Releases and Disposal
Manufacturers: Total Production-related Waste Other Sectors: Releases and Disposal
Other Sectors: Total Production-related Waste
Number of Reporters
Number of Reporters
10/30/2012 16
17. TRI Trends: 1988-2003
TRI
40 30
35
25
Reporters (Thousands)
30
Pounds (billions)
20
25
CHEMICALS
20 15
SECTORS
EPCRA
LEAD
PBTs
PPA
15
10
10
5
5
0 0
1990
2007
1988
1989
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2008
2009
2010
Manufacturers: Total Production-related Waste
Manufacturers: Releases and Disposal Other Sectors: Total Production-related Waste
Other Sectors: Releases and Disposal
Manufacturers: Releases and Disposal
Manufacturers: Total Production-related Waste Other Sectors: Releases and Disposal
Other Sectors: Total Production-related Waste
Number of Reporters
Number of Reporters
10/30/2012 17
18. TRI Trends: 1988-2004
TRI
40 30
35
25
Reporters (Thousands)
30
Pounds (billions)
20
25
CHEMICALS
20 15
SECTORS
EPCRA
LEAD
PBTs
PPA
15
10
10
5
5
0 0
1990
2007
1988
1989
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2008
2009
2010
Manufacturers: Total Production-related Waste
Manufacturers: Releases and Disposal Other Sectors: Total Production-related Waste
Other Sectors: Releases and Disposal
Manufacturers: Releases and Disposal
Manufacturers: Total Production-related Waste Other Sectors: Releases and Disposal
Other Sectors: Total Production-related Waste
Number of Reporters
Number of Reporters
10/30/2012 18
19. TRI Trends: 1988-2005
TRI
40 30
35
25
Reporters (Thousands)
30
Pounds (billions)
20
25
CHEMICALS
20 15
SECTORS
EPCRA
LEAD
PBTs
PPA
15
10
10
5
5
0 0
1990
2007
1988
1989
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2008
2009
2010
Manufacturers: Total Production-related Waste
Manufacturers: Releases and Disposal Other Sectors: Total Production-related Waste
Other Sectors: Releases and Disposal
Manufacturers: Releases and Disposal
Manufacturers: Total Production-related Waste Other Sectors: Releases and Disposal
Other Sectors: Total Production-related Waste
Number of Reporters
Number of Reporters
10/30/2012 19
20. TRI Trends: 1988-2006
TRI
40 30
35
25
Reporters (Thousands)
30
Pounds (billions)
20
25
CHEMICALS
20 15
SECTORS
EPCRA
LEAD
PBTs
PPA
15
10
10
5
5
0 0
1990
2007
1988
1989
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2008
2009
2010
Manufacturers: Total Production-related Waste
Manufacturers: Releases and Disposal Other Sectors: Total Production-related Waste
Other Sectors: Releases and Disposal
Manufacturers: Releases and Disposal
Manufacturers: Total Production-related Waste Other Sectors: Releases and Disposal
Other Sectors: Total Production-related Waste
Number of Reporters
Number of Reporters
10/30/2012 20
21. TRI Trends: 1988-2007
TRI
40 30
35
25
Reporters (Thousands)
30
Pounds (billions)
20
25
CHEMICALS
20 15
SECTORS
EPCRA
LEAD
PBTs
PPA
15
10
10
5
5
0 0
1990
2007
1988
1989
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2008
2009
2010
Manufacturers: Total Production-related Waste
Manufacturers: Releases and Disposal Other Sectors: Total Production-related Waste
Other Sectors: Releases and Disposal
Manufacturers: Releases and Disposal
Manufacturers: Total Production-related Waste Other Sectors: Releases and Disposal
Other Sectors: Total Production-related Waste
Number of Reporters
Number of Reporters
10/30/2012 21
22. TRI Trends: 1988-2008
TRI
40 30
35
25
Reporters (Thousands)
30
Pounds (billions)
20
25
CHEMICALS
20 15
SECTORS
EPCRA
LEAD
PBTs
PPA
15
10
10
5
5
0 0
1990
2007
1988
1989
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2008
2009
2010
Manufacturers: Total Production-related Waste
Manufacturers: Releases and Disposal Other Sectors: Total Production-related Waste
Other Sectors: Releases and Disposal
Manufacturers: Releases and Disposal
Manufacturers: Total Production-related Waste Other Sectors: Releases and Disposal
Other Sectors: Total Production-related Waste
Number of Reporters
Number of Reporters
10/30/2012 22
23. TRI Trends: 1988-2009
TRI
40 30
35
25
Reporters (Thousands)
30
Pounds (billions)
20
25
CHEMICALS
20 15
SECTORS
EPCRA
LEAD
PBTs
PPA
15
10
10
5
5
0 0
1990
2007
1988
1989
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2008
2009
2010
Manufacturers: Total Production-related Waste
Manufacturers: Releases and Disposal Other Sectors: Total Production-related Waste
Other Sectors: Releases and Disposal
Manufacturers: Releases and Disposal
Manufacturers: Total Production-related Waste Other Sectors: Releases and Disposal
Other Sectors: Total Production-related Waste
Number of Reporters
Number of Reporters
10/30/2012 23
24. TRI Trends: 1988-2010
40 30
35
25
Reporters (Thousands)
30
Pounds (billions)
20
25
CHEMICALS
20 15
SECTORS
EPCRA
LEAD
PBTs
PPA
15
10
10
5
5
0 0
1990
2007
1988
1989
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2008
2009
2010
Manufacturers: Total Production-related Waste
Manufacturers: Releases and Disposal Other Sectors: Total Production-related Waste
Other Sectors: Releases and Disposal
Manufacturers: Releases and Disposal
Manufacturers: Total Production-related Waste Other Sectors: Releases and Disposal
Other Sectors: Total Production-related Waste
Number of Reporters
Number of Reporters
10/30/2012 24
25. TRI Trends: 1988-2010
First Data released to First Public
40 streamlined the public shortly Data Release
30
TRI Public Data after they were in same year
35 Explorer Release submitted as data were
Report ("e-FDR“) submitted 25
Reporters (Thousands)
30 TRI-ME TRI-MEweb TRI-MEweb
myRTK
Pounds (billions)
piloted implemented
20
25 TRI.net
CHEMICALS
20 15
SECTORS
EPCRA
LEAD
PBTs
PPA
15
10
10
5
5
0 0
1990
2007
1988
1989
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2008
2009
2010
Manufacturers: Total Production-related Waste
Manufacturers: Releases and Disposal Other Sectors: Total Production-related Waste
Other Sectors: Releases and Disposal
Manufacturers: Releases and Disposal
Manufacturers: Total Production-related Waste Other Sectors: Releases and Disposal
Other Sectors: Total Production-related Waste
Number of Reporters
Number of Reporters
10/30/2012 25
26. We have come a long way !
• The TRI has evolved considerably since the
passage of EPCRA in 1986:
– reported chemical release and other waste
management quantities has declined steadily.
– Access to TRI data has been greatly enhanced;
• Newly submitted data are now in the hands of the public
within a few weeks rather than nearly two years;
• A diverse suite of tools now exists for analyzing the data.
10/30/2012 26
27. We have come a long way !
• Dramatic improvements have also been made
to:
– The data submission process;
– The quality of TRI data, and
– how TRI information can be accessed, analyzed and
used by communities, academics, non-profits,
industry and others.
10/30/2012 27
28. The TRI has Impacted the World !
• The TRI was the very first public pollutant
release transfer registry (PRTR);
• There are now at least 50 countries that have
a PRTR program;
– Most were modeled after the TRI
• More countries are expected to start PRTRs
– Particularly in South America and Central America
10/30/2012 28
30. Countries that Have PRTR Programs, or
Pilot PRTR Programs:
Australia, Austria, Belgium, Belize, Bulgaria, Cambodia, C
hile, Costa Rica, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Ecuador, Estonia, Finland, France, G
eorgia, Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Honduras, Hungar
y, Iceland, Israel, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea
, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Th
e
Netherlands, Norway, Panama, Peru, Poland, Portugal, R
omania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Thailand, Ukraine, United Kingdom, Mexico, Canada, and
the United States. 30
31. As for the Future ?
Information Technology
• EPA is committed to continue to draw upon
the ongoing advancements in information
technology to:
– improve the accessibility and quality of TRI data;
– make TRI available sooner;
– address ever-evolving user needs.
10/30/2012 31
32. As for the Future ?
Communities
• Emphasis is expected to be placed on how
communities can use TRI data to effect change:
– Further engagement with communities;
– Engagement with colleges and universities.
– What communities can do to make TRI data and
information more actionable.
10/30/2012 32
33. As for the Future ?
Sustainable Development
Ever growing emphasis on it worldwide.
Sept., 2011:
National Academy of
Sciences book.
Recommends EPA to :
- formally adopt a
sustainability
paradigm;
- articulate its vision for
sustainability,
and develop
sustainability principles.
33
34. As for the Future ?
Sustainable Development
• People, regulatory authorities and other
organizations will turn to the TRI as a means
to assess progress towards sustainability;
– TRI collects pollution prevention information.
• The role of TRI data and information in
sustainability will therefore need to be better
defined.
10/30/2012 34
35. As for the Future ?
Sustainable Development
• There will also be a need to assess progress
in sustainability:
– On a continental level;
– On a global level.
• PRTR data from different countries will need
to be combined and viewed and analyzed
more from a continental and global context.
10/30/2012 35
36. As for the Future ?
• To use PRTR data globally…..
– existing PRTR data will need to be more comparable
(this will be difficult);
– Emerging PRTRs will need to be constructed such
that the data they collect will be readily comparable
with existing PRTRs
• There will be a need to analyze PRTR datasets
with other datasets
– Do we know how to mash-up PRTR data sets with
other datasets ?
10/30/2012 36