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Session 2 (Overview)
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- 2. 1- Generations inevaluation 2- Evaluation and assessment 3- Characteristics of tests 4.- Principles of test design – test formats 5.- Communicative testing
- 3. 1st Generation: evaluatorsmeasure participants 2nd Generation: evaluators describe participants 3rd Generation: evaluators judge participants 4th Generation: evaluators negotiate with participants Guba, E. and Lincoln, Y. (1989). Fourth Generation Evaluation. Newbury Park: Sage Publications Inc.
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- 5. Exercise 1: generalevaluation
- 6. TYPES OF ASSESSMENT Formal Assessment (TESTING) Informal Assessment Self -Peer Assessment •Tests: •Exams •Quizzes •Workshops •Projects •Presentations •Homework •Etc. •Questionnaires •Diaries •Surveys •Descriptions •Etc.
- 7. .- Validity A testis valid “if it measures accurately what it is intended to measure” (Hughes, A., 1989). Content validity The test tests what it is supposed to test Construct validity The test tests what it is supposed to test and nothing else Face validity The test appears to test what it is trying to test From a more delicate perspective, three types of validity can be spotted (Baxter, A., 1997):
- 8. .- Reliability A testis reliable if it measures consistently. Results must be stable. a) Inter-rater reliability b) Intra-rater reliability
- 9. .- Practicality a) Economy b)Resources c) Administration and scoring
- 10. .- Washback Influence ofteaching and learning
- 11. 1- Guidelines foritem design 2- Sample items 3- Formats 4- Multiple choice items
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