The bioremediation and photophysiology experiments in pilot PBRs with aim of mechanistic models development
--Alla Silkina, EnAlgae project, Swansea University, UK--
Eric Boles - Healthy Animals = Healthy PlanetJohn Blue
Healthy Animals = Healthy Planet - Eric Boles, University of Arkansas, from the 2012 Annual Conference of the National Institute for Animal Agriculture, March 26 - 29, Denver, CO, USA.
More presentations at: http://www.trufflemedia.com/agmedia/conference/2012-decreasing-resources-increasing-regulation-advance-animal-agriculture
Opportunities to Practically Scale-up Perennial FeedstocksAmanda Bilek
Presented by Vance Owens, Director of North Central Sun Grant Center, South Dakota State University on December 8, 2014 at Minnesota Bioenergy Feedstock Development meeting and forum.
Biomass and the Environment: Soil and Water ImpactsAmanda Bilek
Presented by David Mulla, Professor and Larson Chair for Soil & Water Resources, University of Minnesota on December 8, 2014 at the Minnesota Bioenergy Feedstock Development meeting and forum.
Exploring the Versatility of Micro-flow Technology – From Peptide Biomarkers ...Waters Corporation
Presenter: Corey D. Broeckling, Ph.D., Associate Director, Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Joint Assistant Professor, Colorado State University
Microfluidic technology offers multiple advantages including ease of use, robustness and sensitivity. Coupled with a tandem quadrupole mass spectrometer (such as the Xevo TQ-S) we can create an optimal and versatile “middle ground” platform in which these advantages can be exploited for both small molecule and peptide quantitative applications. For example, most small molecule applications are performed using standard flow chromatography (in the range of 600-100 L/min) consuming a high level of both solvent and sample which increases the cost (both fiscally and environmentally). The use of microfluidic technology for these small molecule applications can reduce solvent consumption by upwards of 150-fold and can significantly increase on-column sensitivity, thus reducing sample consumption. Conversely, quantitative peptide assays are almost exclusively performed using nanoscale chromatography (~400 nL/min) to achieve the required sensitivity for detection of these low abundance molecules within a complex matrix (e.g. serum, urine, etc.). We have found that the use of microfluidic technology for peptide quantitation yields the same or better sensitivity when compared to a nanoscale platform and has the additional, very significant advantages of ease of use, robustness, and improved chromatographic resolution (e.g. peak capacity). Thus, with a single analytical platform we can perform quantitative analysis for a wide range of compounds spanning from lipids/metabolites to peptides. One application in which the technology has struggled is the analysis of compounds in negative ionization mode. This limitation has been overcome in the development of a next generation microfluidic device that incorporates post-column addition of isopropanol to improve ionization and spray stability in negative mode applications. With this new capability we can now perform quantitative experiments in negative mode or with polarity switching.
This presentation was given at the 11th International Conference of the Metabolomics Society (Metabolomics 2015, #metsoc2015 on Twitter), June 29, 2015, in San Francisco.
Immobilization of two endoglucanases from different sourcesIJEAB
Cellulases are a important family of hydrolytic enzymes which catalyze the bond of cellulose and other related cello-oligosaccharide derivates. Industrial applications require enzymes highly stable and economically viable in terms of reusability. These costs can be reduced by immobilizing the cellulases, offering a potential solution through enzyme recycling and easy recovery. The covalent immobilization of enzymes is reported here: one is commercial cellulase from Aspergillus niger and other one is recombinant enzyme, named CelStrep it because was isolated from a new cellulolytic strain, Streptomyces sp. G12,. The optimal pH for binding is 4.6 for both cellulases and the optimal enzyme concentrations are 1 mg/mL and 5 mg/mL respectively. The support for immobilization is a poliacrylic matrix. Experiments carried out in this work show positive results of enzyme immobilization in terms of efficiency and stability and confirm the economic and biotechnical advantages of enzyme immobilization for a wide range of industrial applications.
Natural additives for fish - do we have to reinvent the wheel or is there a s...International Aquafeed
The global importance of aquaculture, in particular finfish, is growing and correspondingly, the demand for high-quality feeds and additives is increasing year by year (Aquafeed Directory Issue 2013/14).
Feeding rate requirements for Schilbe intermedius (Rüppel, 1832) fingerlings ...Innspub Net
The control of the breeding of Schilbe intermedius in captivity, passes by the determination of its nutritional requirements. The present study aims therefore to determine the optimal feed ration of the fingerlings of S. intermedius. The experiment was carried out in circular basins during 28 days. After their capture in natural environment, their transfer in controlled area and their acclimatization to the artificial food used (coppens: protein 45%.), the fingerlings used (average weight: 3.12±0.83g) were subjected to four feed rations (2, 5, 8 and
11% of the biomass) tested in triplicate each one. Thus, the lowest rate of survival (64.00±1.15%) was recorded for
the fingerlings’lot subjected to the ration of 8% where the pH is more acid (5.29).The final average weight (4.63±0.00g), the specific growth rate (1.19±0.08%/day) and the food effectiveness (0.53±0.00) obtained with the ration of 11% were the highest. These values are significantly different (P< 0.05) than those obtained with the ration of 2%.The best consumption index was registered with the ration of 2%. According to the model of Brett, the maximum and optimal daily rations of S. intermedius fingerlings were estimated to 4.6 % and 8.5 % respectively. Get the full articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-7-number-6-december-2015-ijaar/
PHOTOSYNTHESIS: What we have learned so far? Zohaib HUSSAIN
No matter how complex or advanced a machine, such as the latest cellular phone, the device cannot function without energy. Living things, similar to machines, have many complex components; they too cannot do anything without energy, which is why humans and all other organisms must “eat” in some form or another. That may be common knowledge, but how many people realize that every bite of every meal ingested depends on the process of photosynthesis?
Eric Boles - Healthy Animals = Healthy PlanetJohn Blue
Healthy Animals = Healthy Planet - Eric Boles, University of Arkansas, from the 2012 Annual Conference of the National Institute for Animal Agriculture, March 26 - 29, Denver, CO, USA.
More presentations at: http://www.trufflemedia.com/agmedia/conference/2012-decreasing-resources-increasing-regulation-advance-animal-agriculture
Opportunities to Practically Scale-up Perennial FeedstocksAmanda Bilek
Presented by Vance Owens, Director of North Central Sun Grant Center, South Dakota State University on December 8, 2014 at Minnesota Bioenergy Feedstock Development meeting and forum.
Biomass and the Environment: Soil and Water ImpactsAmanda Bilek
Presented by David Mulla, Professor and Larson Chair for Soil & Water Resources, University of Minnesota on December 8, 2014 at the Minnesota Bioenergy Feedstock Development meeting and forum.
Exploring the Versatility of Micro-flow Technology – From Peptide Biomarkers ...Waters Corporation
Presenter: Corey D. Broeckling, Ph.D., Associate Director, Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Joint Assistant Professor, Colorado State University
Microfluidic technology offers multiple advantages including ease of use, robustness and sensitivity. Coupled with a tandem quadrupole mass spectrometer (such as the Xevo TQ-S) we can create an optimal and versatile “middle ground” platform in which these advantages can be exploited for both small molecule and peptide quantitative applications. For example, most small molecule applications are performed using standard flow chromatography (in the range of 600-100 L/min) consuming a high level of both solvent and sample which increases the cost (both fiscally and environmentally). The use of microfluidic technology for these small molecule applications can reduce solvent consumption by upwards of 150-fold and can significantly increase on-column sensitivity, thus reducing sample consumption. Conversely, quantitative peptide assays are almost exclusively performed using nanoscale chromatography (~400 nL/min) to achieve the required sensitivity for detection of these low abundance molecules within a complex matrix (e.g. serum, urine, etc.). We have found that the use of microfluidic technology for peptide quantitation yields the same or better sensitivity when compared to a nanoscale platform and has the additional, very significant advantages of ease of use, robustness, and improved chromatographic resolution (e.g. peak capacity). Thus, with a single analytical platform we can perform quantitative analysis for a wide range of compounds spanning from lipids/metabolites to peptides. One application in which the technology has struggled is the analysis of compounds in negative ionization mode. This limitation has been overcome in the development of a next generation microfluidic device that incorporates post-column addition of isopropanol to improve ionization and spray stability in negative mode applications. With this new capability we can now perform quantitative experiments in negative mode or with polarity switching.
This presentation was given at the 11th International Conference of the Metabolomics Society (Metabolomics 2015, #metsoc2015 on Twitter), June 29, 2015, in San Francisco.
Immobilization of two endoglucanases from different sourcesIJEAB
Cellulases are a important family of hydrolytic enzymes which catalyze the bond of cellulose and other related cello-oligosaccharide derivates. Industrial applications require enzymes highly stable and economically viable in terms of reusability. These costs can be reduced by immobilizing the cellulases, offering a potential solution through enzyme recycling and easy recovery. The covalent immobilization of enzymes is reported here: one is commercial cellulase from Aspergillus niger and other one is recombinant enzyme, named CelStrep it because was isolated from a new cellulolytic strain, Streptomyces sp. G12,. The optimal pH for binding is 4.6 for both cellulases and the optimal enzyme concentrations are 1 mg/mL and 5 mg/mL respectively. The support for immobilization is a poliacrylic matrix. Experiments carried out in this work show positive results of enzyme immobilization in terms of efficiency and stability and confirm the economic and biotechnical advantages of enzyme immobilization for a wide range of industrial applications.
Natural additives for fish - do we have to reinvent the wheel or is there a s...International Aquafeed
The global importance of aquaculture, in particular finfish, is growing and correspondingly, the demand for high-quality feeds and additives is increasing year by year (Aquafeed Directory Issue 2013/14).
Feeding rate requirements for Schilbe intermedius (Rüppel, 1832) fingerlings ...Innspub Net
The control of the breeding of Schilbe intermedius in captivity, passes by the determination of its nutritional requirements. The present study aims therefore to determine the optimal feed ration of the fingerlings of S. intermedius. The experiment was carried out in circular basins during 28 days. After their capture in natural environment, their transfer in controlled area and their acclimatization to the artificial food used (coppens: protein 45%.), the fingerlings used (average weight: 3.12±0.83g) were subjected to four feed rations (2, 5, 8 and
11% of the biomass) tested in triplicate each one. Thus, the lowest rate of survival (64.00±1.15%) was recorded for
the fingerlings’lot subjected to the ration of 8% where the pH is more acid (5.29).The final average weight (4.63±0.00g), the specific growth rate (1.19±0.08%/day) and the food effectiveness (0.53±0.00) obtained with the ration of 11% were the highest. These values are significantly different (P< 0.05) than those obtained with the ration of 2%.The best consumption index was registered with the ration of 2%. According to the model of Brett, the maximum and optimal daily rations of S. intermedius fingerlings were estimated to 4.6 % and 8.5 % respectively. Get the full articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-7-number-6-december-2015-ijaar/
PHOTOSYNTHESIS: What we have learned so far? Zohaib HUSSAIN
No matter how complex or advanced a machine, such as the latest cellular phone, the device cannot function without energy. Living things, similar to machines, have many complex components; they too cannot do anything without energy, which is why humans and all other organisms must “eat” in some form or another. That may be common knowledge, but how many people realize that every bite of every meal ingested depends on the process of photosynthesis?
Toxicity Studies of Aqueous-Methanol Extract of Dennettia tripetala (Pepper f...Scientific Review SR
Traditional medicine still remains the main recourse for a large majority of people for treating health problems in African. Therefore, the aim of this work is to assess the toxicological effect of the fresh ripe fruits using two solvents for extraction. The toxicological evaluation of aqueous-methanol extract of Dennettia tripetala fresh ripe fruits at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight for 14 days on some biochemical parameters in wistar rats was investigated. The extract at all the doses tested show non-significant (p > 0.05) increase from the control in ALT, AST, ALP, total protein, albumin, direct bilirubin, creatinine, Na+ and K+, while the level of total bilirubin and urea show significant (p < 0.05) increase from the control at 400mg/kg body weight. The levels of SOD, GPx, GST, and GSH in the serum were significantly (p < 0.05) decrease in the treated rats at 200 and 400mg/kg body weight, whereas the level of MDA and CAT showed non-significant (p > 0.05) increase in all the animals. The results of this finding indicated that the aqueous-methanol extract may not have serious effect on the liver and the kidney at 100 mg/kg b.d., but may be toxic at high doses as observed in the acute toxicity, sub-acute results and antioxidant parameters where it shows a dose-specific effects.
Analysis of Organic Fertilizers for Nutrients with AAnalyst 800 Atomic Absorp...PerkinElmer, Inc.
"The present work demonstrates the ability of the PerkinElmer®
AAnalyst™ 800 atomic absorption spectrophotometer to
analyze the micronutrients in several organic fertilizers.
The results obtained from using the conventional AOAC
Method 965.09 using dry ashing with a muffle furnace and
EPA Method 3052, the official EPA method for the microwave
digestion of siliceous and organic based samples, are compared."
Learn more about our solutions: http://bit.ly/1bENIDL
UV Mutagenesis Enhanced Biotransformation Efficiency of Rutin to Isoquercitri...iosrjce
In order to obtain high biotransformation efficiency of rutin to isoquercitrin (quercetin-3-Oglucoside),
Bacillus litoralis C44 was treated by UV mutagenesis to screen the thermo- and alkali-tolerant
mutants, for these conditions allow for a very high substrate concentration. The optimal mutagen dose for strain
C44 was irradiation for 50s with a 15W UV lamp from 30 cm away. The mutants were preliminary screened by
quantitative TLC, and 16 mutant strains were faced to second-screening by HPLC. As a result, a genetic stable
mutant strain UV-2-45 was obtained, which got a biotransformation rate of 3.9 times more than the original
strain Bacillus litoralis C44, and its mole yield reached as high as 91% from 3 g/L of rutin in glycine-sodium
hydroxide buffer (pH 9.0) at 45°C for 2 days.
— In the present work, impact of UV-B radiation (280-
315nm: 0.4 W m-2) on growth, photosynthetic pigments, protein,
ascorbate, proline and lipid peroxidation have been studied in
two cyanobacteria Nostoc muscorum and Synechocystis PCC
6803. UV-B radiation (2 to 6 hrs) leads to 55% inhibition of
growth in Synechocystis PCC 6803 in comparison to control
where as in Nostoc muscorum growth reduces up to 45%. This
UV-B treatment also significantly decreased the contents of
chlorophyll, carotenoids and phycocyanin. Photosynthetic
pigments decreased with increasing doses of UV-B (2 to 6 hrs)
radiation. However, the inhibitory effect in Synechocystis PCC
6803 was more pronounced than in Nostoc muscorum. With
increasing UV-B exposure period, production of ascorbate (19-
45%), proline (12-29%) and lipid peroxidation was significantly
higher in Synechocystis PCC 6803 as compared to control
sample. It was observed that lipid peroxidation enhanced 33 %
than control sample of Synechocystis PCC 6803. Our result shows
that photosynthetic apparatus is the main target of UV-B
radiation causing degradation of photosynthetic pigments. This
study concluded that Synechocystis PCC 6803 was the susceptible
organism for survival in stress condition than Nostoc muscorum.
Mycotoxins are are secondary metabolites produced by fungi and are dangerous for feed and food chains as they can create contamination in pre- and post-harvest processes. Many are highly toxic and as such levels in food products are regulated in Europe, the US, Japan and other countries. This presentation is an overview of the application of ultra-performance liquid chromatography combined with tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry to analyse various food products for mycotoxins in line with regulatory requirements.
This presentation will outline the innovative processes and techniques we are using to capture the data, information and knowledge surrounding Algae cultivation in NWE Europe with a view to developing sophisticated decision support tools. These tools will enable stakeholders to explore current activities and potential opportunities in their region and understand the economic, environmental and legislative issues surrounding the cultivation of algae for energy.
Search and Society: Reimagining Information Access for Radical FuturesBhaskar Mitra
The field of Information retrieval (IR) is currently undergoing a transformative shift, at least partly due to the emerging applications of generative AI to information access. In this talk, we will deliberate on the sociotechnical implications of generative AI for information access. We will argue that there is both a critical necessity and an exciting opportunity for the IR community to re-center our research agendas on societal needs while dismantling the artificial separation between the work on fairness, accountability, transparency, and ethics in IR and the rest of IR research. Instead of adopting a reactionary strategy of trying to mitigate potential social harms from emerging technologies, the community should aim to proactively set the research agenda for the kinds of systems we should build inspired by diverse explicitly stated sociotechnical imaginaries. The sociotechnical imaginaries that underpin the design and development of information access technologies needs to be explicitly articulated, and we need to develop theories of change in context of these diverse perspectives. Our guiding future imaginaries must be informed by other academic fields, such as democratic theory and critical theory, and should be co-developed with social science scholars, legal scholars, civil rights and social justice activists, and artists, among others.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
Let's dive deeper into the world of ODC! Ricardo Alves (OutSystems) will join us to tell all about the new Data Fabric. After that, Sezen de Bruijn (OutSystems) will get into the details on how to best design a sturdy architecture within ODC.
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
PHP Frameworks: I want to break free (IPC Berlin 2024)Ralf Eggert
In this presentation, we examine the challenges and limitations of relying too heavily on PHP frameworks in web development. We discuss the history of PHP and its frameworks to understand how this dependence has evolved. The focus will be on providing concrete tips and strategies to reduce reliance on these frameworks, based on real-world examples and practical considerations. The goal is to equip developers with the skills and knowledge to create more flexible and future-proof web applications. We'll explore the importance of maintaining autonomy in a rapidly changing tech landscape and how to make informed decisions in PHP development.
This talk is aimed at encouraging a more independent approach to using PHP frameworks, moving towards a more flexible and future-proof approach to PHP development.
"Impact of front-end architecture on development cost", Viktor TurskyiFwdays
I have heard many times that architecture is not important for the front-end. Also, many times I have seen how developers implement features on the front-end just following the standard rules for a framework and think that this is enough to successfully launch the project, and then the project fails. How to prevent this and what approach to choose? I have launched dozens of complex projects and during the talk we will analyze which approaches have worked for me and which have not.
2. Sustainable Pathways for Algal Bioenergy
THE BIOREMEDIATION AND PHOTOPHYSIOLOGY EXPERIMENTS IN PILOT PBRs WITH AIMS OF MECHNISITIC MODELS DEVELOPMENT
A Silkina, N Ginnever
Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Research,
Swansea University
3. Sustainable Pathways for Algal Bioenergy
The EnAlgae Project
WP1
Cultivation & processing
WP2
Routes to market
WP3 Guiding industry and policy Data collection from 9 pilot facilities Best practice sharing Outreach Economic Modelling Life Cycle Analysis Regulation and Policy Smart information and data tools
4. Sustainable Pathways for Algal Bioenergy
Objectives of EnAlgae project - Reduce risk and accelerate implementation of pilots; - Implement algal biotechnologies within process chains; - Generate reliable data to inform the development of an ICT (modelling) decision support tool - Provide product and process descriptions - Develop and share best practice among algal biomass and bioenergy producers across NWE
5. Sustainable Pathways for Algal Bioenergy
EnAlgae Lead Partner –
Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Research (CSAR)
Swansea University
• PBR capacity ~ 5000L
• monitoring and (bio)chemical analysis ….
• research for harvesting and processing
• modelling tool developement
6. Sustainable Pathways for Algal Bioenergy
EnAlgae Targets for remediation Test suitability of waste stream use : agricultural, fish farm and AD municipal waste as nutrients source Compare the Nitrogen and Phosphorus uptake by different species in different cultivation PBR Compare the productivity of species Provide the data set for modelling tool
7. Sustainable Pathways for Algal Bioenergy
Bioremediation – Why use waste? A number of cost/efficiency advantages Environmental advantages Phosphate sources are scarcer and will be economically unviable to mine by 2030 Waste nutrients source can help to reduce the mining of phosphorous and recycle this valuable mineral Difficulties of preparation (e.g. filtration) associated with using liquid and solid waste sources Liquid wastes- high in Ammonia -toxic to algae Not have an optimal nutrient profile Algae need adaptation to the waste source during initial cultivation
8. Sustainable Pathways for Algal Bioenergy
Species used
Chlorella minutissima Scenedesmus sp. Isolate from steel industrial site
9. Sustainable Pathways for Algal Bioenergy
Experimental conditions 15-25 days of cultivation in tubular PBR Batch and Semi continuous mode Close monitoring of biological parameters – cells, biovolume, cellular C:N:P:Chl Water chemistry and biochemistry analysis – DIN, DIP, pH, T, PFD; lipid, carbohydrates Log-in data-
pH, T; light
10. Sustainable Pathways for Algal Bioenergy
•Cultures were able to grow using waste nutrients
•Cultures again entered a growth phase after partial harvest growth rate
Results of growth
0,E+00
5,E+08
1,E+09
2,E+09
2,E+09
3,E+09
3,E+09
0
5
10
15
Biovolume (μm3 mL-1)
Time (day-1)
Chlorella minutissima
0,E+00
5,E+08
1,E+09
2,E+09
2,E+09
3,E+09
3,E+09
0
5
10
15
20
25
Biovolume (μm3mL-1)
Time (day-1)
Scenedesmus sp.
11. Sustainable Pathways for Algal Bioenergy
Nutrient uptake by algae
•Waste nutrients are gradually taken up by the algae during cultivation
• P and N uptake
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
0
5
10
15
Concentration (umol L-1)
Time (day -1)
Nutrient uptake during semi-continuous cultivation of Scenedesmus sp.
TON
Phosphate
-50
0
50
100
150
200
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
0
5
10
15
Concentration (umol L-1)
Time (Day-1)
Nutrient uptake during semi-continuous cultivation of Chlorella minutissima
TON
Phosphate
12. Sustainable Pathways for Algal Bioenergy
PSII photoefficiency Fv/Fm is the efficiency of photosystem 2 (PSII), the main light harvesting and processing complex in microalgae Can be used as a measure of cell stress
0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
Fv/Fm (relative units)
Time (day-1)
Fv/Fm Chlorella minutissima
0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
Fv/Fm (relative units)
Time (day-1)
Fv/Fm Scenedesmus sp.
14. Sustainable Pathways for Algal Bioenergy
Growth using fish waste
0
200
400
600
800
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Biovolume (x106) μm3 mL-1
Time (day-1)
Biovolume Chlorella minutissima
CONTROL
Trout waste
•The specific growth rate is similar to control sample
•Waste nutrients are gradually taken up by the algae during cultivation
• P is accumulated in cell
0
5
10
15
20
25
0
10
20
30
Comcentration μmolL-1
Time (day-1)
Ammonia μmol/L
Phosphate μmol/L
0
10
20
30
40
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Concentration umolL-1
Time (day-1)
Phosphorus uptake and cell P
15. Sustainable Pathways for Algal Bioenergy
Summary & Conclusion
Species
N uptake rate
P uptake rate
Max Productivity
Production rate
mg(N)L-1d-1
mg(P)L-1d-1
(g L-1)
(g L-1 d-1)
C. minutissima Control
5.27 ±0.8
0.41±0.1
1.73 ±0.08
0.12
C. minutissima
experimental
7.17 ±0.4
0.43±0.1
1.56 ±0.07
0.11
Scenedesmus sp. Control
6.82 ±0.5
0.39±0.1
2.03 ±0.1
0.11
Scenedesmus sp.
Experimental
7.17 ±0.4
0.37±0.1
1.13 ±0.05
0.09
•Cultures were successfully grow using waste nutrients
•Nutrient uptake related regulatory standards of waste release
•Potential exploitation of algal biomass
16. Sustainable Pathways for Algal Bioenergy
Design of PBR comparison Vertical and horizontal
Tubular reactors were compared In control and waste remediation
condition, productivity is higher in vertical system with Ø 110 mm(Causerma et al, 2011) The specific biomass (e.g. reach on lipids) quickly achieved on horizontal tubular PBRØ 43 mm
17. Sustainable Pathways for Algal Bioenergy
Lighting and Harvesting: The effect on the growth and photophysiology of Nannochloropsis oculata
Dr Naomi Ginnever, Dr Alla Silkina, Professor Kevin Flynn
18. Sustainable Pathways for Algal Bioenergy
Experiment and Rationale
In order to develop the photosynthetic and lighting portion of the Enalgae model experiments were undertaken to establish the effect of photoperiod (at a consistent photodose) and harvesting on the growth, photophysiology, physiology and biochemistry. Experiments were undertaken in a 400L tubular bioreactor, which was artificially lit using metal halide lights. The photodose (15.471 mol photons m-2) was maintained over 4 experimental runs. 2 had a photoperiod of 11 hours and 2 had a photoperiod of 7 hours and 20 minutes. Supplied nutrient levels were calculated based on the known average cellular N content and the desired cell density
19. Sustainable Pathways for Algal Bioenergy
Methodology Samples were taken daily for cell counts and PAM fluorescence analysis PAM fluorescence measurements were made using a Walz PhytoPAM and these data were analysed using an iterative curve fitting solution (Eilers and Peeters (1988) This provided several photosynthetic parameters which are useful indicators of cell health, stress and light acclimation The quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) is a very valuable measure of the overall cell health/stress Light saturation coefficient (Ek) indicates the light acclimation state of the cells
20. Sustainable Pathways for Algal Bioenergy
Initial Results
The cultures were not harvested until 40 million cells were
reached
A 25% harvest was performed 3 times reducing the cell
numbers to 30 million cells
N=2, Experimental replicates
5 10 15 20 25 30
0.00E+00
5.00E+06
1.00E+07
1.50E+07
2.00E+07
2.50E+07
3.00E+07
3.50E+07
4.00E+07
4.50E+07
5.00E+07
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22
Cells/ mL
Day (-1)
0.00E+00
5.00E+06
1.00E+07
1.50E+07
2.00E+07
2.50E+07
3.00E+07
3.50E+07
4.00E+07
4.50E+07
5.00E+07
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28
Cells/ mL
Day (-1)
Max div.day-1 =0.733, 0.711
21. Sustainable Pathways for Algal Bioenergy
Initial Results
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28
Fv/Fm 15 (relative units)
Day (-1)
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22
Fv/Fm 15 (relative units)
Day (-1)
The Fv/Fm dropped dramatically after inoculation and after
the initial partial harvest
There then appeared to be an acclimation as the dramatic drop
was not observed post partial harvest again
The carotenoid content in the cultures of both experimental photoperiods
increased significantly during the run
From 0.5 ng (106 cells) to 1.75 ng (106 cells) and 0.65 ng (106 cells) to 2.1 ng
(106 cells) (both P= <0.05)
22. Sustainable Pathways for Algal Bioenergy
Initial Results
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22
Ek (relative units)
Day (-1)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28
Ek (relative units)
Day (-1)
The Ek increase increased post innoculation
The Ek curve then saturated, and did not increase further
This is likely due to the reduction in light per cell as the culture
density increased meaning the cells do not need to become
acclimated to a higher light level
The ratio of Chl a to carotenoids decreased during the growth curve in both
cultures
23. Sustainable Pathways for Algal Bioenergy
Discussion and Conclusions The analysis of the biomass of is at an early stage and will be analysed in detail to fully understand the effect of different photoperiods and light levels on the photosystems and cellular composition Work is also being completed to investigate the effect of photoperiod using different LED colour mixes Data from outdoor experimental runs at different times of year are also being incorporated into the model to complete this component of the model
24. Sustainable Pathways for Algal Bioenergy
Discussion and Conclusions The data suggests that despite the photodose being the same, the increased light level results in a longer lag phase After the 3rd harvest there is also a slower recovery Therefore it is recommended that a lower light level be used for longer photoperiod The higher light level did result in a non- significantly higher carotenoid content
25. Sustainable Pathways for Algal Bioenergy
Discussion and Conclusions The initial partial harvesting had a negative effect on the photophysiology and resulted in a slight reduction in div.day However this effect was not observed after the second harvest At the 3rd harvest only the higher light level was negatively effected Therefore it is clear harvesting may have a negative effect if a large harvest is performed and at high light levels.
26. Sustainable Pathways for Algal Bioenergy
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION a.silkina@swansea.ac.uk n.ginnever@swansea.ac.uk
Sustainable Pathways for Algal Bioenergy The Enalgae model and decision support tool will be available for use by industry in NW Europe after the project is complete
