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2. Urban Flood Risk Importance;
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a. Estimating rainfall and runoff amounts
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c. Estimating economic losses due to flooding;
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Control Agency (MPCA) in 2010. The landfill owner had to
develop and implement a plan that would define the extent of the plume and establish an effective long term groundwater monitoring system.
The source area of the VOCs appeared to be a 23 acre unlined section of the landfill, called the Old Phase I Disposal Area. Preliminary corrective action discussions included total excavation and relocation of the waste material within the Old Phase I Disposal Area to a new lined space on site. Initial cost estimates ranged from 3 to 4 million dollars to complete the relocation of the waste in this area.
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Extreme rainfall and the anticipated effects of climate change pose a significant urban flood risk. Recently, the City of Surrey engaged Associated Engineering to develop numerical models for evaluating flooding from rainfall events and for estimating economic losses due to flooding. This study also examined the anticipated changes to rainfall patterns as a result of climate change and evaluated several potential methods for mitigating flood damage to private property. This presentation covered the following information:
1. Sources of Urban Flooding;
2. Urban Flood Risk Importance;
3. Risk Assessment Components:
a. Estimating rainfall and runoff amounts
b. Estimating water levels and flood extents
c. Estimating economic losses due to flooding;
4. Case Study: City of Surrey’s Climate Change Rainfall Adaptation Strategy.
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Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
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Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
1. Effect of Vegetative Filter Strips on
Sediment Deposition in Drainage Ditches
in Littoral Zone of Lake Sainte-Pierre in
Quebec, Canada
The 11th International
Drainage Symposium
Zhiming Qi, Birkhoff Li, Monique Poullin, Shiv Prasher
Zhiming Qi, Associate Professor (Presenter)
Birkhoff Li, MSc. Graduate Student
Shiv Prasher, James McGill Professor
Department of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University
Monique Poulin, Associate Professor
Département de Phytologie, Université Laval
10. Objectives
• To investigate the effectiveness of vegetative filter
strips on reducing sediment deposition in drainage
ditches in the coastal area of Lac Saint Pierre.
11. Site St Cuthbert
Site Yamachiche
Site Baie-du-Febvre
Methods
Three sites
Three ditches at
each site
500-1000 m long
4-6 m wide
Cleaning: Nov 2019
Grass sowed: May 2020
Ditch monitored: 2020-
now
Site Yamachiche
14. DTM data of the control ditch at site St
Cuthbert, Aug 10th, 2020
• LiDAR Scan
Scanned 4 times:
October, 2019 (before trenching)
November, 2019 (after trenching, snowed)
August 2020
October 2021
YellowScan LiDAR
Surveyor mounted below
a DJI Matice 600 Pro UAV
though a contract with
MVT Geo-solutions Inc. in
Quebec City.
15.
16.
17. • Total station survey
• 20m interval along
the ditch
• 25cm between two
points at each cross
section
• Conducted after the
spring flooding and
before the snow in
Nov.
8
0
m
5.75 m
18. Ditch survey at site Saint-Cuthbert
• Total station survey
• 20m interval along each ditch
• 2 round per year
• 1st round from June to July
• 2nd round from September
to October
22. -2
-1
0
Height
(m)
-2
-1
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Height
(m)
-2
-1
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Height
(m)
Distance from the reference point at the start of the ditch
cross-section (m)
Step 1. A horizontal auxiliary
line is made based on the
highest point of the ditch
cross-section (m)
Step 2. The area of the closed
polygon created by auxiliary line and
the ditch profile is calculated using
the GIS library
𝐷𝑖𝑡𝑐ℎ 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒
= 𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 ∗ 20 𝑚
Cross sectional area
= 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑦𝑔𝑜𝑛
Ditch volume calculation (Total Station)
23. Robel height measurement
1.0 m
10
9
8
7
6
4
2
5
3
1
4 m
• To evaluate the vegetation
density close to the ditch
• Approximately 60m
interval along each VFS
• Conducted during fall in
2020 & 2021
25. Preliminary Results: 1) LiDAR Survey
Height decreased
between Dec 16, 2019
and August 10, 2020
Height increased
between Dec 16,
2019 and August
10, 2020
Distribution of sediment
accumulation and loss
26. DTM data comparison of the
control ditch at site St Cuthbert
between December 2019 and
August 2020
Sediment change calculation
Site
Baie du
Febvre
St Cuthbert Yamachiche
Buffer
strip
width
(m)
0 -1725 -1686 NA*
2 -701 -497 107
4 -663 -382 -353
Table 1 Sediment volume change (m3) over the
scanning area from winter 2019 to summer 2020
• Most ditches had sediment
accumulation during the
period between two LiDAR
scans (sediment volume
change < 0: decreasing)
Preliminary Results: 1) LiDAR Survey
*Note: the control ditch changed at site Yamachiche
27. * Control ditch changed to the one on the east side of the old
control in 2020 due to dense vegetation along the old control.
• Significant difference of ditch
volume between June and
November (Paired t test,
P=0.022)
Table 2. Ditch volume (m3) in 2019 and 2020
Site
Buffer
strip
width
(m)
Oct 2019
before
trenching
Nov 2019
right after
trenching
Jun
2020
Nov
2020
BDF
0 1414 1250 1165
2 856 1032 999
4 1354 1344 1375
STC
0 229 558 537
2 446 517 490
4 297 525 504
YMC
0* 729* 938* 628* 583*
2 486 522 590 532
4 837 987 549 536
* Control ditch changed to the one on the east side of the old
control in 2020 due to dense vegetation along the old control.
• Ditch volume after trenching in general decreased which
indicating a net sediment deposition
Preliminary Results: 2) Total Station Survey
2020
28. Total statoin survey
Percentage of ditch volume change from
June 2020 to November 2020
• Possible explanation
Insufficient
observation time
Inconsistent
vegetation
conditions (e.g.,
natural forage)
Preliminary Results: 2) Total Station Survey
• No significant difference among different width (0, 2,
and 4m) of buffer strips (P> 0.05)
29. Table 3 Robel height measurement in Fall 2020
Site
Buffer
strip
width
Mean
measurement
(cm)
Stdev (cm)
BDF
0 37.22 15.07
2 48.22 8.47
4 42.26 11.91
STC
0 38.84 15.89
2 61.50 11.66
4 44.67 12.74
YMC
0 33.81 11.85
2 53.38 13.00
4 48.68 17.06
Preliminary Results: 3) Robel height
Grass Robel height was significantly lower at 0-m ditches (p<0.05); no difference
between 2m and 4m vegetative filter strips.
30. Preliminary Results: Summary
• Both Total Station survey (manual) and LiDAR scan (UAV) in
2020 showed ditch volume decrease (sediment deposition), but
no significant difference among treatments (vegetative filter
strip width of 0, 2, and 4m) in the total station survey (though
lower % for wider buffer strip); LiDAR scan showed significantly
more deposition under 0-m strip than 2 and 4 m.
• 2021 data (completed in mid-Nov, under processing) showed a
reverse trend of ditch volume decrease (sediment loss, data no
shown). Needs further verification.
• Robel height followed our expectation (low at 0-m), and soil
and water quality data is under processing.
Treatment
/Site
2020 Ditch Sediment Deposition
2020 Robel Height (cm)
Total Station (m3) Total Station (%) LiDAR Scan (m3)
-------------------------------------------- Treatment (buffer width) --------------------------------------------
0M -50A -5.9%A -1560A 36.6B
2M -39A -6.1%A -364B 54.4A
4M -1A -1.4%A -466B 45.1AB
----------------------------------------------------- Sites -----------------------------------------------------
STC -23a -4.3%a -855a 48.3a
YMC -39a -6.5%a -505a 45.3a
BDF -29a -2.6%a -1030a 42.5a
31. Zhiming Qi, Ph.D.
James H. Brace Associate Professor
Department of Bioresource Engineering
McGill University
Email: zhiming.qi@mcgill.ca
33. Ditch volume calculation
-3
-2.5
-2
-1.5
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
-3
-2.5
-2
-1.5
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
-3
-2.5
-2
-1.5
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Figure B.1 Ditch cross-section profile at Yamachiche 4m buffer strip ditch @ 340m in
2020 Oct and 2021 Jun
Figure B.2 Adjust them to achieve the equal ditch width
Figure B.3 Ditch volume illustration, resulting a volume difference of 24.305%
Other information
34. Field Survey
Cross sections measured in June and October in
4m vegetative buffer strip ditch at site Yamachiche
35. Table 2 Ditch Volume percentage change
from June 2020 to November 2021
• No significant difference among buffer strips (P> 0.05)
Total station survey
Site
Buffer
strip
width
(m)
Jun
2020 –
Nov
2020
Nov
2020 –
Jun
2021
Jun
2021 –
Oct
2021
Total(Jun
2020 –
Oct 2021)
BDF
0 -3.76% 3.40% 4.76% 4.247%
2 -5.22% 2.35% 0.99% -2.036%
4 -4.00% 4.87% 4.37% 5.079%
STC
0 -7.24% -1.32% -3.13% -11.336%
2 -9.83% 10.43% -3.83% -4.237%
4 -2.37% 26.73% 1.06% 25.050%
YMC
0* -6.80% 6.52% 11.41% 10.608%
2 -3.20% 6.41% 6.60% 9.804%
4 2.31% 3.12% -0.34% 5.136%
* Control ditch changed to the one on the east side of the old
control in 2020 due to dense vegetation along the old control.
Figure 2. Ditch volume percentage change comparison
between different buffer strip width over Jun 2020 to Nov 2021
• + sediment loss
• - sediment deposition
%𝐷𝑖𝑡𝑐ℎ 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 =
𝐷𝑖𝑡𝑐ℎ 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑛𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑 − 𝐷𝑖𝑡𝑐ℎ 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑
𝐷𝑖𝑡𝑐ℎ 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑
36. Site
Buffer
strip
width (m)
Growing*
Season
2020
Non-
growing*
Season
2020
Growing*
Season
2021
BDF
0 -3.76% 3.40% 4.76%
2 -5.22% 2.35% 0.99%
4 -4.00% 4.87% 4.37%
STC
0 -7.24% -1.32% -3.13%
2 -9.83% 10.43% -3.83%
4 -2.37% 26.73% 1.06%
YMC
0* -6.80% 6.52% 11.41%
2 -3.20% 6.41% 6.60%
4 2.31% 3.12% -0.34%
• Growing season has less
impact on ditch’s volume
than the fallow season.
(p=0.004, w=27, One -tailed
Mann-Whitney U test)
Figure 1. Ditch volume percentage change
comparison between growing and fallow
season
Total station survey
* Control ditch changed to the one on the east side of the old
control in 2020 due to vegetation along the old control.
* Growing season 2020: Jun 2020 – Nov 2020
* Non-growing season 2020: Nov 2020 – Jun 2021
* Growing season 2021: Jun 2021 – Oct 2021
Table 3 Ditch Volume percentage change
from June 2020 to November 2020
18 9
%𝐷𝑖𝑡𝑐ℎ 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 =
𝐷𝑖𝑡𝑐ℎ 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑛𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑 − 𝐷𝑖𝑡𝑐ℎ 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑
𝐷𝑖𝑡𝑐ℎ 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑
• + sediment loss
• - sediment deposition
What does the color represent? Red means increase in elevation and green means decrease in elevation?
Red means high; might be grasses; but can be eliminated by MVT
Can you separate “total station survey” and “soil sampling”? It is better to put all information about total station survey in one slides or two consecutive slides the followed by a slide for soil sampling. “befer” should be “before”.
Add a picture of Robel height
Along ditch on both sides? What is your plan for 2021?
Average height increased ~ 0.168m
Average height decreased ~ -0.056m
Can you add digital legends? so that I can estimate approximately how many cm increase or decrease.
What is the unit?
Winter 2019: how to remove the effect of snow cover?
Compute the average increase
How was the grass and water look like while LiDAR survey in August 2020? Can you post a aerial picture taken by MVT?
Failed in both one way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test(a nonparametric statstics).
A one-tailed T-test has also being runed, ended with p-value 0.2639 the data fail to the normality test(Shapiro-Wilk test). Serval normalize procedure(logarithmic, root, square) were tried, but all failed.
Don’t know whether is useful or not, the NDVI data.