Sept 8 Notes (Democracy & Amendments)
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The document discusses several key concepts: - It defines democracy as a government run by the people for the people. - Core democratic values unite Americans and are expressed in founding documents like the Constitution. - ESP is an acronym that stands for economic, social, and political, and understanding history requires analyzing events through these lenses as well as geography. - After the Civil War, the South was devastated economically as the plantation system collapsed and slaves were freed without tools. This led to the period of Reconstruction to rebuild the South and readmit former Confederate states to the Union.
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Social ContractWhat is a Social Contract?According to the Declaration, these natural rights were to be secured through a social contract between consenting citizens and the governmentWe give up some of our liberties by agreeing to abide by the laws of society and, in return, our natural rights are protected
The Social Contract
The SignersThe signers were fully committed to the cause. They were, after all, committing treasonAt the signing, it has been reported that Benjamin Harrison, a rather large man, said to the thin-framed William Ellery, “I shall have a great advantage over you, Mr. Ellery, when we are all hung for what we are now doing. From the size and weight of my body, I shall die quickly, but from your lightness of body, you will dance for some time before you are dead.”
Republicanism and the Spirit of ’76Following the passage of the Declaration of Independence a sense of equality and empowerment became widespreadRepublicanism: that power should remain close to the people > political elitesCreated very democratic state constitutionsPopularly elected legislaturesLimited power to the executiveShort terms of office
A Constitution
A Constitution is the basic law of societyIt’s society’s rule bookIt provides a general visioncreates political structuresand how those structures will functionIt places limits on power and establishes rightsConsequently, in order to understand contemporary politics, one m.
Basic Human Rights - unit -1.pptx
The document discusses basic human rights concepts including individual rights, group rights, civil society, state rights, equality, and justice. It outlines the origins of human values and human rights from ancient times through modern history. Key developments discussed include the American Bill of Rights, French Revolution, Declaration of Independence, rights of citizens, workers, and exploited people. The Rights of the Working and Exploited People in the Soviet Union in 1918 aimed to legislate the achievements of the October Revolution.
Why study civics
The document discusses why civics is important to study, including understanding one's rights and responsibilities, the role of government, the economic system, and international relations. It then provides information on civic life, the American political system's foundation in the Constitution, the levels and functions of government in America, and the principles of American democracy like rule of law and consent of the governed.
Week 5.ppt
This document provides an overview of the historical development of public policy in the United States. It is divided into four eras: 1) A period of divided power between 1787-1870, where the federal government had limited scope. 2) An era of state activism from 1870-1933 as industrialization increased demands for regulation. 3) An era of national activism from 1933-1961 in response to the Great Depression and World War II. 4) An era of national standards from 1961-1981 with programs like the Great Society. The document also discusses elements of stability in the American system, such as ideological, political, and policy stability over time.
Govt 2305-Ch_1
This document provides an overview of politics, government, and different forms of government. It defines politics as resolving conflicts over power and influence to determine who receives benefits. Government is defined as an institution that makes decisions to resolve conflicts or allocate privileges for society. The document discusses why government is necessary for security and limiting power. It then outlines different historical forms of government like democracy, republics, and direct vs. representative democracy, noting the U.S. adopted a democratic republic model.
Chapter 18 3
The document discusses key events and issues during the Reconstruction era following the American Civil War. It outlines the Reconstruction Acts of 1867 that divided the South into districts and required new state constitutions. It also discusses the Freedmen's Bureau assisting freed black Americans and the passage of the 14th Amendment granting citizenship and equal rights. Resistance from Southern whites led to the rise of organizations like the Ku Klux Klan and attacks on Republicans. Reconstruction efforts eventually lost support in the North and ended in 1877 with the Compromise that withdrew federal troops from the South.
Government
This document provides an overview of key concepts related to government and politics, including definitions of democracy, forms of government, and separation of powers. It discusses the historical development of democracy and government in the United States, including the colonial period, the American Revolution, the Articles of Confederation, and influences on the writing of the US Constitution such as John Locke's social contract theory and natural rights. Key events that led to the Declaration of Independence in 1776 are also summarized.
Hist 12 online reconstruction pdf
Reconstruction sought to rebuild the South and define the rights of freed slaves after the Civil War. It involved intense debates between President Johnson, who wanted a quick restoration of Southern home rule, and Radical Republicans, who pushed for civil rights protections and black male suffrage. Though the Freedmen's Bureau helped former slaves, the Black Codes and returned plantations undermined freedom. Congressional Reconstruction overrode Johnson's vetoes through amendments establishing citizenship and equal protection under the law.
The Critical Period 1781-1789
The document discusses several key aspects of early American history following the Revolutionary War. It outlines the impact of the revolution in increasing equality and expanding voting rights, though women's rights did not progress. It also describes the weak national government under the Articles of Confederation and various problems that arose. Several compromises and new governing documents, like the Northwest Ordinance and US Constitution, were devised to address these issues and establish a stronger federal republic.
Chapter 17 - Reconstruction
After the Civil War, Reconstruction aimed to reunite the nation and define the rights of freed slaves. However, the plans of Lincoln, Congress, and Andrew Johnson differed on how to reintegrate the Southern states and whether and how to grant African Americans citizenship and suffrage. The assassination of Lincoln and rise of Radical Republican control led to strengthened federal authority and protection of African American civil rights through amendments and legislation. However, the end of Reconstruction saw a decline in Republican support and rise of Democratic "Redeemers" in the South, restricting African American rights and political power through violent intimidation, segregation laws, and electoral barriers.
Ch 6 Texas Reconstruction
The document discusses Reconstruction in the South following the Civil War. It describes the myth of Reconstruction promoted by Southerners that portrayed Northerners as vindictive occupiers who punished and exploited the South. However, most historians agree that Reconstruction was actually quite moderate and did not include mass executions or appropriation of land. The reality was that the South struggled politically, economically, and socially to rebuild after the war amid the end of slavery.
Comparative government and politics presentation
This document provides an overview of key concepts in political science and government. It discusses the definitions of political science and the state. It examines theories on the origins of the state. It describes the essential elements and functions of government. It outlines the branches of government in the Philippines and discusses federalism. It also defines key concepts like the constitution, bill of rights, forms of government, and economic systems.
01 Political Clture and Democracy
The document contains a series of clicker questions and short passages about American political culture and ideology. The clicker questions poll views on issues like government spending, taxes, and social/economic ideologies. The passages discuss theories of government and its necessity, types of government, concepts like democracy and direct vs representative systems, and a framework for understanding political ideologies based on views about social and economic issues.
Intro to comparative politics
Political science is the study of the state and government. It analyzes how governments are formed and how they function, as well as their relationships with citizens. Throughout history, political science has progressed from seeing government as divine to recognizing that states can be improved. Key figures like Aristotle, Machiavelli, and Lieber helped establish political science as a field of study. A state requires a people, territory, government, and sovereignty to function. While nations are based on ethnicity, states are legal entities that can include multiple nations. Governments take various forms like democracies, dictatorships, and monarchies.
HIST 4020 Intro
This document discusses the roots and evolution of American political culture and government. It covers the philosophical influences on America's founding, such as ideas from Aristotle, the Greeks, Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau. It also examines the key characteristics of American democracy, including popular consent, majority rule, and individualism. Additionally, it outlines changes in the US population over time including increasing diversity and an aging population. The document concludes by looking at modern American political ideologies like conservatism, liberalism, and libertarianism as well as views of and expectations toward the government.
POD Unit One
This document provides an overview of democracy and government. It defines democracy as a form of government where people have the right to vote for representatives or directly on issues. It discusses the three branches of government and their functions. It also outlines some of the key responsibilities of government, including maintaining order, providing services, and protecting citizens. Finally, it discusses the origins of government and different systems and forms of rule, such as autocracy, oligarchy, and democracy.
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Dec. 16 Notes (Harlem Renaissance)
The Harlem Renaissance from 1910-1920 saw many African Americans migrate from the rural South to northern cities like Harlem in New York, sparking a cultural movement celebrating black art, literature, and music. Educated black artists and writers explored their African heritage and expressed the black experience in America through works like jazz, challenging white norms and promoting racial pride.
Dec. 15 Notes (The Roaring '20s)
The Roaring '20s in the US saw a booming economy fueled by the automobile industry and consumerism, with people spending money to show their status. Women began demanding more independence exemplified by the "Flapper" lifestyle. Prohibition banned alcohol but led to speakeasies and bootlegging run by organized gangs like Al Capone as the government lacked resources for enforcement. By the late 1920s and Great Depression, most wanted Prohibition's repeal which occurred with the 21st Amendment in 1933.
DEc. 12 Notes (Red Scare)
The Red Scare period saw Americans fearing a communist revolution and conspiracy to overthrow the government in the wake of the 1917 Russian Revolution. This led to government raids of radical and immigrant groups in 1919 and 1920 under Attorney General Palmer, known as the Palmer Raids, where many foreign-born individuals were deported or denied their constitutional rights despite often not being accused of any crimes.
Dec. 11Notes (Intro to the 1920s)
The 1920s in America saw increasing isolationism, fear of change, and suspicion of others. Warren Harding was elected on a platform of "return to normalcy". The Scopes Trial highlighted clashes between religious fundamentalism and teaching evolution. Prohibition and immigration laws were passed amid fears over changing social values and the growing influence of immigrants and radicals. The Sacco and Vanzetti trial exemplified tensions over foreigners and radicalism.
Dec. 8 Notes (WWI at Home)
The U.S. government directed the economy during WWI from consumer goods to military production through agencies like the War Industries Board and Food Administration to mobilize resources for the war effort. Propaganda was used to generate public support for the war and some immigrants and dissenting opinions faced discrimination or prosecution under laws like the Espionage and Sedition Acts. The war cost $33 billion which was paid for through taxes and war bonds.
Dec.4 Notes (Warfare of WWI)
Germany faced war on two fronts in WWI and attacked Belgium as part of its plan to quickly defeat France by using 90% of its troops on the Western Front. This plan was unsuccessful, and by September 1914 Germany had retreated and dug deep trenches, leading to a brutal three-year stalemate war of trench warfare with new weapons such as long-range cannons, machine guns, chemical weapons, tanks, airplanes, and zeppelins.
Dec. 1 Notes (Causes of WWI)
The document summarizes the key long-term causes and events that led to the start of World War I. The four main long-term causes were nationalism, imperialism, militarism, and alliance systems. By 1914, these factors had led European countries to form two opposing alliance systems. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand provided the spark that ignited tensions caused by these long-term factors and drew the allied countries into war against each other.
Nov. 19 Notes (Prgressive Presidents & Results)
The document summarizes three progressive US presidents from the early 20th century - Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, and Woodrow Wilson. It outlines their policies and accomplishments, including Roosevelt's "Square Deal" reforms, Taft's trustbusting though not being progressive enough, and Wilson's "New Freedom" agenda. The era saw progressive reforms like the 16th-17th amendments but failed to address issues like African American rights and farmers.
Nov. 17 Notes (Economic Reform)
The Progressive Era document outlines key aspects of the Progressive Movement in the United States including political, economic and social reforms. Muckrakers like Ida Tarbell, Jacob Riis and Upton Sinclair exposed corruption and injustices through journalism and helped pass legislation. Trustbusters like Theodore Roosevelt used antitrust laws to limit monopolies' control. The movement aimed to return government to the people and improve economic opportunities and working conditions.
Nov. 17 Notes (Moral Reform)
The document discusses the moral reform movement of the Progressive Era that aimed to improve lives and promote middle-class values among the poor through prohibiting alcohol. Key reform groups like the Women's Christian Temperance Union and Anti-Saloon League lobbied to ban alcoholic beverages and close bars, seeing them as contributing to issues like political corruption and blocking assimilation. Their efforts led to the passage of the 18th Amendment in 1920 establishing Prohibition, though it was later repealed in 1933 by the 21st Amendment.
Urbanization Review
Progressives in the early 20th century sought to address issues arising from rapid urbanization through legal reforms and social services. New laws aimed to improve safety standards in crowded tenement housing. Settlement houses and community centers provided aid, education, and social programs to help immigrants and the poor, especially children, adjust to city life. Famous examples included Jane Addams' Hull House in Chicago and facilities created by the YMCA and Salvation Army. The goal was to help newcomers assimilate to middle-class norms and lead better lives in the cities.
Notes 11/13 (Political & Moral Reforms)
The progressive era saw a movement of middle-class city dwellers seeking to reform government and society. They pursued political reforms like the secret ballot, citizen initiatives to introduce new bills, and recall elections to remove officials from office early. These reforms aimed to increase citizen control and accountability. Social reforms focused on moral issues like banning alcohol and granting women's suffrage to support prohibition. The progressive movement overall sought to promote democracy, protect social welfare, and reform the economy.
Nov. 11 Notes (Jim Crow)
After Reconstruction ended in 1877 and Southern Democrats regained control of Southern states, many laws and policies were enacted that limited the rights and equality of African Americans. These included voting restrictions through literacy tests and poll taxes, as well as segregation laws known as Jim Crow laws that separated public spaces by race. The Supreme Court upheld segregation in Plessy v. Ferguson in 1896 with the "separate but equal" doctrine. African Americans also faced informal discrimination through racial etiquette rules and lynchings when those rules were violated. Discrimination also existed in Northern states through practices like segregated neighborhoods and discrimination in employment and unions.
Nov. 7 Notes (Progressivism)
The document discusses the Progressive Movement that emerged in the early 20th century in response to issues stemming from industrialization and urbanization. Progressives sought to address corruption in government and business and create a fairer, more just and democratic society. Their three major goals were to increase popular control of government, protect social well-being through reforms addressing urban issues and morality, and create economic change through greater competition and regulation of monopolies. Progressives largely consisted of educated middle-to-upper class women and men who wanted to cure the ills underlying the seemingly prosperous Gilded Age society.
Imperialism Document Activity
The document is a collection of 6 sources related to US imperialism in 1898. It includes an artwork depicting Theodore Roosevelt and the Rough Riders in Cuba, a political cartoon questioning how Uncle Sam would look after the war, the platform of the American Anti-Imperialist League opposing expansion into the Philippines, and a petition against the annexation of Hawaii. The sources showcase the debate in the US over expansionism after the Spanish-American War and the occupation of the Philippines in particular. Critics argued it violated principles of self-governance and democracy, while supporters viewed it as asserting American interests abroad.
Oct. 27 Notes (Splendid Little War)
The document summarizes the Spanish-American War which lasted from May to August 1898. It describes key battles in Cuba and the Philippines which resulted in American victories over Spanish forces. It concludes with the Treaty of Paris in which Spain lost control of Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines, while the U.S. emerged as a new world power and expanded its territorial holdings.
Oct. 23 Notes (Spanish American War)
The document summarizes the key events leading up to the Spanish-American War in 1898. Newspapers like the New York Journal and New York World engaged in yellow journalism by exaggerating reports about Spanish treatment of Cubans to increase readership. When the USS Maine exploded in Havana harbor, papers blamed Spain despite the cause being unknown. Increased public outrage and demands for action, along with pressure on President McKinley, led Congress to declare war on Spain in order to gain Cuban independence and protect American interests on the island.
Oct. 15 Notes (City Politics)
Political machines dominated local and state governments in the late 1800s, operating by exchanging favors and assistance for the poor and immigrants in return for votes. They were led by party bosses and used patronage systems, corruption, and election fraud to maintain power, most notably Tammany Hall led by Boss Tweed in New York City. Political machines effectively controlled cities through jobs, licenses, courts and turned a blind eye to graft in exchange for kickbacks.
Sept 9 Notes (The West)
The document discusses westward expansion in the United States during the 19th century. It describes the frontier as an undeveloped region at the edge of settled areas that provided opportunities for adventure and conquest. The concept of Manifest Destiny drove expansion to the Pacific in the 1840s. While the Great Plains were seen as an arid and difficult region to settle before 1860, millions moved there after due to land granted to railroads, government promotion of settlement, and the completion of transcontinental railroads which sold land and provided transport. The Homestead Act of 1862 further encouraged settlement by offering 160 acres of free land. Many faced hardships in the harsh environment including natural disasters, raids, lack of trees, and difficulties farming, though railroads and free land
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Sept 8 Notes (Democracy & Amendments)
- 1. Democracy
- 2. What is a democracy ?
- 3. “ Government of the people by the people, for the people” The PEOPLE rule!
- 6. Core = inner-most part, central Core Democratic Values Democratic = gov. run by the people Values = beliefs that have a high significance in society
- 7. Core Democratic Values CDVs are the fundamental beliefs & constitutional principles that unite all Americans. These values are expressed in significant documents, speeches, and other writings of the nation.
- 8. E.S.P. Geography and
- 13. So to understand and make sense of history, ALWAYS use your E S P conomic OCIAL OLITICAL and Geography
- 14. REVIEW Post War Conditions: South is devastated economically – S. Plantation system collapses (13 th Amendment) socially – 4 million slaves freed w/out tools for independence politically - Southern states are not apart of the Union, only territory of the Union
- 15. These conditions lead to RECONSTRUCTION
- 16. REVIEW Period in U.S. history focused on rebuilding the U.S. after the Civil War and readmitting the defeated Confederate States into the Union RECONSTRUCTION:
- 17. The Civil War Amendments
- 21. The End