The document is a collection of 6 sources related to US imperialism in 1898. It includes an artwork depicting Theodore Roosevelt and the Rough Riders in Cuba, a political cartoon questioning how Uncle Sam would look after the war, the platform of the American Anti-Imperialist League opposing expansion into the Philippines, and a petition against the annexation of Hawaii. The sources showcase the debate in the US over expansionism after the Spanish-American War and the occupation of the Philippines in particular. Critics argued it violated principles of self-governance and democracy, while supporters viewed it as asserting American interests abroad.
This is the best presentation I have see of the importance the Founders of the USA placed on the Second Amendment and the right of the American citizen to bear arms. I did not create this, but I found no copyright on it. I want America to have access to this information.
This is the best presentation I have see of the importance the Founders of the USA placed on the Second Amendment and the right of the American citizen to bear arms. I did not create this, but I found no copyright on it. I want America to have access to this information.
1. President William McKinley, letter to Congress, April 25, 1898.SantosConleyha
1. President William McKinley, letter to Congress, April 25, 1898.
[I took action] under the joint resolution approved April 20, 1898, "for the recognition of the independence of the people of Cuba, demanding that the Government of Spain relinquish its authority and Government in the island of Cuba, and to withdraw its land and naval forces from Cuba and Cuban waters…"
…The Government of Spain…responds by treating the reasonable demands of this Government as measures of hostility, following with that instant and complete severance of relations by its action which by the usage of nations accompanies an existent state of war between sovereign powers.
I now recommend the adoption of a joint resolution declaring that a state of war exists between the United States of America and the Kingdom of Spain…
2. Teller Amendment, Adopted by the Senate, April 19, 1898
[The United States] hereby disclaims any disposition of intention to exercise sovereignty, jurisdiction, or control over said island except for pacification thereof, and asserts its determination, when that is accomplished, to leave the government and control of the island to its people.
3. Senator Alfred Beveridge (R-Indiana), in Congress, January 9, 1900.
. . . [J]ust beyond the Philippines are China's illimitable markets. . . We will not renounce our part in the mission of our race, trustee of God, of the civilization of the world. . . Where shall we turn for consumers of our surplus?. . . China is our natural customer. . . [England, Germany and Russia] have moved nearer to China by securing permanent bases on her borders. The Philippines gives us a base at the door of all the East. . .
They [the Filipinos] are a barbarous race, modified by three centuries of contact with a decadent race [the Spanish]. . . It is barely possible that 1,000 men in all the archipelago are capable of self-government in the Anglo-Saxon sense. . .
The Declaration [of Independence] applies only to people capable of self-government. How dare any man prostitute this expression of the very elect of self-government peoples to a race of Malay children of barbarism, schooled in Spanish methods and ideas? And you, who say the Declaration applies to all men, how dare you deny its application to the American Indian? And if you deny it to the Indian at home, how dare you grant it to the Malay abroad.
4. President Woodrow Wilson, War Message to Congress, 1917
The Imperial German Government [announced that] it was its purpose to put aside all restraints of law or of humanity and use its submarines to sink every vessel that sought to approach either the ports of Great Britain and Ireland or the western coasts of Europe or any of the ports controlled by the enemies of Germany within the Mediterranean.…
It is a war against all nations. American ships have been sunk, American lives taken, in ways which it has stirred us very deeply to learn of, but the ships and people of other neutral and friendly nations have been sunk and ...
1. President William McKinley, letter to Congress, April 25, 1898.AbbyWhyte974
1. President William McKinley, letter to Congress, April 25, 1898.
[I took action] under the joint resolution approved April 20, 1898, "for the recognition of the independence of the people of Cuba, demanding that the Government of Spain relinquish its authority and Government in the island of Cuba, and to withdraw its land and naval forces from Cuba and Cuban waters…"
…The Government of Spain…responds by treating the reasonable demands of this Government as measures of hostility, following with that instant and complete severance of relations by its action which by the usage of nations accompanies an existent state of war between sovereign powers.
I now recommend the adoption of a joint resolution declaring that a state of war exists between the United States of America and the Kingdom of Spain…
2. Teller Amendment, Adopted by the Senate, April 19, 1898
[The United States] hereby disclaims any disposition of intention to exercise sovereignty, jurisdiction, or control over said island except for pacification thereof, and asserts its determination, when that is accomplished, to leave the government and control of the island to its people.
3. Senator Alfred Beveridge (R-Indiana), in Congress, January 9, 1900.
. . . [J]ust beyond the Philippines are China's illimitable markets. . . We will not renounce our part in the mission of our race, trustee of God, of the civilization of the world. . . Where shall we turn for consumers of our surplus?. . . China is our natural customer. . . [England, Germany and Russia] have moved nearer to China by securing permanent bases on her borders. The Philippines gives us a base at the door of all the East. . .
They [the Filipinos] are a barbarous race, modified by three centuries of contact with a decadent race [the Spanish]. . . It is barely possible that 1,000 men in all the archipelago are capable of self-government in the Anglo-Saxon sense. . .
The Declaration [of Independence] applies only to people capable of self-government. How dare any man prostitute this expression of the very elect of self-government peoples to a race of Malay children of barbarism, schooled in Spanish methods and ideas? And you, who say the Declaration applies to all men, how dare you deny its application to the American Indian? And if you deny it to the Indian at home, how dare you grant it to the Malay abroad.
4. President Woodrow Wilson, War Message to Congress, 1917
The Imperial German Government [announced that] it was its purpose to put aside all restraints of law or of humanity and use its submarines to sink every vessel that sought to approach either the ports of Great Britain and Ireland or the western coasts of Europe or any of the ports controlled by the enemies of Germany within the Mediterranean.…
It is a war against all nations. American ships have been sunk, American lives taken, in ways which it has stirred us very deeply to learn of, but the ships and people of other neutral and friendly nations have been sunk and ...
Fascism, Adolf Hitler, National Socialism and the HolocaustJonathan Dresner
A discussion of the key ideas of Mussolini, Hitler and the National Socialists, focusing on the relatively mainstream roots - nationalism, fascism, racial theory - and the implementation of these ideas as policy targetting the Jews and other non-Aryan peoples.
Top of FormLesson 1, Part 1 Foundations of American Gover.docxedwardmarivel
Top of Form
Lesson 1, Part 1: Foundations of American Government
"Liberty, when it begins to take root, is a plant of rapid growth."
-George Washington
· The Declaration of Independence
· The U.S. Constitution and its Bill of Rights
· The Enlightenment and Political Philosophy
Expected Outcomes
To understand the philosophical principles behind the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution, and how these principles influence the structure and process of government.
Overview
The United States, as a nation, was born of the American Revolution of 1776. This revolution cut the political ties between England and its American colonies. Many "Americans" living in the colonies had complained about harsh British rule. King George of England had ruled over the colonies with a heavy hand, increasing taxes with the Stamp Act and the Sugar Act, for example. These abuses began to divide the "patriots" in favor of independence and the "loyalists" in favor of the English Crown.
Tensions between the American colonials and British soldiers boiled over in the Boston Massacre, when a mob harassed British soldiers, who then fired their muskets into the crowd, killing three, mortally wounding two others, and injuring six.
Another famous incident which helped inspire the American Revolution was the Boston Tea Party of 1773, launched as a protest to the British Tea Act. This Act gave the British East India Company a tea monopoly, shutting out American traders. Bostonians disguised themselves as Mohawk Indians, then boarded the British ships and dumped all 342 containers of tea into the harbor.
Two years later, in 1775, there were more serious conflicts between colonials and British troops: the Battles of Lexington and Concord, the prelude for a full conflict. The American Revolutionary War was long, bloody and ended with the French-assisted victory of the American Continental Army in Yorktown in 1781.
An understanding of American government and politics should consider two documents related to this war and its aftermath. The first is the Declaration of Independence, which launched the American Revolutionary War; and the second is the U.S. Constitution, which replaced the post-war Articles of Confederation and which remains the highest law of the land.
This lesson analyzes these documents, noting how they were part of a trans-Atlantic Enlightenment movement with emphasis on reason, freethinking, natural law, popular sovereignty, and human equality. Many of these ideas are visible in the Declaration of Independence, written by Thomas Jefferson. These ideas provided the ideological and philosophical framework for the American Revolution.
After the expulsion of the English monarchy, the Articles of Confederation - in effect from 1776 to 1787 - turned the former colonies into largely autonomous states with a weak federal government. However, many people thought that this decentralized system did not solve the problem of providing for a common defense or for ...
For world peace to come, every person on the planet must be able to create his or her life without interference, be treated fairly and equally, and have a voice in government.
President Roosevelts Four Freedoms Speech (1941) To t.docxstilliegeorgiana
President Roosevelt's "Four Freedoms" Speech (1941)
To the Congress of the United States:
I address you, the Members of the Seventy-Seventh Congress, at a moment unprecedented in the
history of the Union. I use the word "unprecedented," because at no previous time has American
security been as seriously threatened from without as it is today. . . .
It is true that prior to 1914 the United States often had been disturbed by events in other
Continents. We had even engaged in two wars with European nations and in a number of
undeclared wars in the West Indies, in the Mediterranean and in the Pacific for the maintenance
of American rights and for the principles of peaceful commerce. In no case, however, had a
serious threat been raised against our national safety or our independence.
What I seek to convey is the historic truth that the United States as a nation has at all times
maintained opposition to any attempt to lock us in behind an ancient Chinese wall while the
procession of civilization went past. Today, thinking of our children and their children, we
oppose enforced isolation for ourselves or for any part of the Americas.
Even when the World War broke out in 1914, it seemed to contain only small threat of danger to
our own American future. But, as time went on, the American people began to visualize what the
downfall of democratic nations might mean to our own democracy.
We need not over-emphasize imperfections in the Peace of Versailles. We need not harp on
failure of the democracies to deal with problems of world deconstruction. We should remember
that the Peace of 1919 was far less unjust than the kind of "pacification" which began even
before Munich, and which is being carried on under the new order of tyranny that seeks to spread
over every continent today. The American people have unalterably set their faces against that
tyranny.
Every realist knows that the democratic way of life is at this moment being directly assailed in
every part of the world—assailed either by arms, or by secret spreading of poisonous propaganda
by those who seek to destroy unity and promote discord in nations still at peace. During sixteen
months this assault has blotted out the whole pattern of democratic life in an appalling number of
independent nations, great and small. The assailants are still on the march, threatening other
nations, great and small.
Therefore, as your President, performing my constitutional duty to "give to the Congress
information of the state of the Union," I find it necessary to report that the future and the safety
of our country and of our democracy are overwhelmingly involved in events far beyond our
borders.
Armed defense of democratic existence is now being gallantly waged in four continents. If that
defense fails, all the population and all the resources of Europe, Asia, Africa and Australasia will
be dominated by the conquerors. The total of those populations and their resources g ...
Hundreds of quotations from former Presidents, Senators, Economists, and many highly respected people throughout history provide the proof that spells out exactly what is happening in our country right now! Insiders at the Fed, the largest Banks and Wall Street are hijacking our country right before our eyes while we are engaged in petty bickering - exactly what they want us to do for it diverts our attention and thus dilutes our power. If you care about your country and this world, it is time to unite, learn what is REALLY happening and help to make a difference!
DOCUMENT A SOURCE Speech made by Jomo Kenyatta at the Ken.docxmadlynplamondon
DOCUMENT A
SOURCE: Speech made by Jomo Kenyatta at the Kenya African Union Meeting in Nyeri, Kenya
on July 26, 1952.
NOTE: Jomo Kenyatta (1893-1978) served as the first Prime Minister (1963–1964) and President
(1964–1978) of Kenya. He is considered the founding father of the Kenyan nation.
... I want you to know the purpose of the Kenya African Union. It is the biggest purpose
the African has. It involves every African in Kenya and it is their mouthpiece
(messenger) which asks for freedom. Kenya African Union is you and you are the
Kenya Africa Union. If we unite now, each and every one of us, and each tribe to
another, we will cause the implementation (achievement) in this country of what the
European calls democracy.
True democracy has no colour distinction (difference). It does not choose between
black and white. We are here in this tremendous gathering under the Kenya African
Union flag to find which road leads us from darkness into democracy. In order to find
it we Africans must first achieve the right to elect our own representatives. That is
surely the first principle of democracy. We are the only race in Kenya which does not
elect its own representatives in the Legislature and we are going to set about to rectify
(fix) this situation. We feel we are dominated by a handful of others who refuse to be
just.
God said this is our land . . . . We want our cattle to get fat on our land so that our
children grow up in prosperity (wealth); we do not want that fat removed to feed
others . . . . We want to prosper as a nation, and as a nation we demand equality, that
is equal pay for equal work. Whether it is a chief, headman, or laborer he needs
increased salary. He needs a salary that compares with a salary of a European who
does equal work. We will never get our freedom unless we succeed in this issue. We
do not want equal pay for equal work tomorrow - we want it right now . . . . If we
work together as one, we must succeed.
DOCUMENT B
SOURCE: History of the Pan-African Congress: Colonial and Coloured Unity, a Programme of
Action. Edited by George Padmore, London, England.
NOTE: The Pan-African Congress was a series of seven meetings that were intended to address the
issues facing Africa as a result of European colonization of most of the continent. This excerpt comes
from the Fifth Pan-African Congress held in 1945 in Manchester, northwest England. There were
ninety delegates, twenty six from all over Africa. These included a number of men who would later
become political leaders in their newly independent African countries, such as Jomo Kenyatta of
Kenya. There were also people like radical George Padmore, a journalist and author, from Trinidad,
an island in the Caribbean that later received its independence from Great Britain in 1962.
Despite the turnout, this conference scarcely got a mention in the British press. There were ma ...
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
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The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
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3. Document #3 Frederic Remington, The Charge of the Rough Riders, 1898, Frederic Remington Art Museum, Ogdensburg, New York http://www.nga.gov/feature/remington/remington06b.shtm
5. Document #5 Platform of the American Antilmperialist League, 1899 We hold that the policy known as imperialism is hostile to liberty and tends toward militarism, an evil from which it has been our glory to be free. We regret that it has become necessary in the land of Washington and Lincoln to reaffirm that all men, of whatever race or color, are entitled to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. We maintain that governments derive their just powers from the consent of the governed. We insist that the subjugation of any people is "criminal aggression" and open disloyalty to the distinctive principles of our Government. We earnestly condemn the policy of the present National Administration in the Philippines. It seeks to extinguish the spirit of 1776 in those islands. We deplore the sacrifice of our soldiers and sailors, whose bravery deserves admiration even in an unjust war. We denounce the slaughter of the Filipinos as a needless horror. We protest against the extension of American sovereignty by Spanish methods. We demand the immediate cessation of the war against liberty, begun by Spain and continued by us. We urge that Congress be promptly convened to announce to the Filipinos our purpose to concede to them the independence for which they have so long fought and which of right is theirs. The United States have always protested against the doctrine of international law which permits the subjugation of the weak by the strong. A self-goveming state cannot accept sovereignty over an unwilling people. The United States cannot act upon the ancient heresy that might makes right. … Whether the ruthless slaughter of the Filipinos shall end next month or next year is but an incident in a contest that must go on until the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution of the United States are rescued from the hands of their betrayers. Those who dispute about standards of value while the foundation of the Republic is undermined will be listened to as little as those who would wrangle about the small economies of the household while the house is on fire. The training of a great people for a century, the aspiration for liberty of a vast immigration are forces that will hurl aside those who in the delirium of conquest seek to destroy the character of our institutions. We deny that the obligation of all citizens to support their Government in times of grave National peril applies to the present situation. If an Administration may with impunity ignore the issues upon which it was chosen, deliberately create a condition of war anywhere on the face of the globe, debauch the civil service for spoils to promote the adventure, organize a truthsuppressing censorship and demand of all citizens a suspension of judgment and their unanimous support while it chooses to continue the fighting, representative government itself is imperiled. … We hold, with Abraham Lincoln, that "no man is good enough to govern another man without that other's consent. When the white man governs himself, that is self-government, but when he governs himself and also governs another man, that is more than self-government-that is despotism." "Our reliance is in the love of liberty which God has planted in us. Our defense is in the spirit which prizes liberty as the heritage of all men in all lands. Those who deny freedom to others deserve it not for themselves, and under a just God cannot long retain it." We cordially invite the cooperation of all men and women who remain loyal to the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution of the United States. http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1899antiimp.html