The document discusses various sensors for detecting hazardous materials, including biosensors, electrochemical sensors, and nanosensors, each with specific detection capabilities and limits. It emphasizes the need for regulatory approval and field testing of these analytical methods, as well as the challenges involved in their implementation. Additionally, it highlights advancements in technology, such as the use of surface plasmon resonance for pesticide detection, noting their sensitivity and detection limits for different chemicals.

1. Various Hazardous
Material on
Made By : Fajar Budi Laksono

2. OR

3. E

4. Hazardous Material cannot be
by Human

7. OR

13. 1.Biosensor
2.Electrochemical Sensor
3.Nanosensor
4.Fluoroscence Sensor
5.SPR Sensor

15. self contained consisting of a
(enzyme, antibody, receptor or microorganism) which is
interfaced to a chemical sensor (i.e., analytical device) that together
reversibly respond in a concentration-dependent manner to a chemical
species

18. 1. The requirement for a or over other existing
or field analytical methods.
2. The of well (i.e. Data Quality Objectives (DQOs)) by
the for field analytical methods.
3. The (for any particular application or group of
related applications) to offset the expense of to
.
4. The field testing, evaluation, and validation required by regulatory agencies for
methods approval for specific applications in specific media.
5. The time required to move a new method (and associated technology) through
the regulatory approval process.

20. Sensor using and to measure ,
or with presence of

21. Electrochemical determination of
at in alkalines media
Response linier from 20 µM until
200 µM with limit detection 10 µM

22. Remote for Trace
The , connected to a long communication cable, allows convenient
measurements of trace at and
instrument/sample distances up to 32 m. The of the probe is coupled with
, and .
Detection limit 0.7 µg/L copper and
1.1 µg/L lead

23. Electrochemical sensor for food
based on -modified
electrode
is from and
the of detection

24. Nanosensor

25. Nanosensor
Sensor using to detect hazardous material

26. Highly Selective Environmental Based on Anomalous
Response of Conductance to Mercury Ions
based on the anomalous response of to the exposure
of , which over various other
metal ions
detection range from 10 nM to 1 mM
detection limit of 10 nM

27. A novel molecular imprinted nanosensor based
for determination of
The linearity range and the detection limit
were obtained as 2.0 × 10−10 to 1.5 × 10−9 M
and 6.0 × 10−11 M

28. A novel electro analytical based on
for simultaneous determination of
and
with the mean diameters of
were onto the surfaces of
functionalized
.
The linearity ranges and the detection limits were
1.0 × 10-8 - 5.0 × 10-6 M and 3.3 × 10-9 M

30. Sensor using properties
that can amount of and
will some to

31. Chemodosimeter for
in Water

32. Silicon Nanowires-Based Sensor for Cu(II)
were covalently modified by
and finally formed an
to realize a and
sensitivity for Cu(II) down to 10-8 M

33. A Novel Array For Ion In Aqueous Solution
With Functionalized

35. SPR (Surface Plasmon Resonance) Sensor

36. SPR (Surface Plasmon Resonance) Sensor
Sensor using
in surface to

37. Based Fiber-optic For The
probe is prepared by on the coated core of a
. The detection is based on the principle of competitive binding of
the to the .
It has been found that the sensitivity decreases
with the increase in the concentration of the
pesticide while reverse is the case for detection
accuracy

38. Recent Advancements In Surface Plasmon Resonance For
Detection Of , And
combining the advantages of the specific
antigen–antibody immunoreaction and the
and of
.

41. Determination of with a portable
optical and
The lowest limit of detection (LOD) was obtained for DDT, at 20 ng L−1, whilst 50 ng L−1 and 0.9
µg L−1, were achieved for chlorpyrifos and carbaryl, respectively.