For good condition of pavement, an engineer should have to silent knowledge about failures and causes of pavement to minimize the road accident and for better life of road highway.
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Objective and classification of highway maintenance works. Distresses and maintenance measures in flexible and rigid pavements. Concept of pavement evaluation: Functional and Structural
For good condition of pavement, an engineer should have to silent knowledge about failures and causes of pavement to minimize the road accident and for better life of road highway.
types of pavement materials
types of paving material
types of road pavement
types of flexible pavement
flexible pavement of road construction
types of pavement for driveways
types of rigid pavements
asphalt pavement types
types of flexible pavements
flexible pavement design
flexible pavement manual
flexible pavement construction
flexible pavement vs rigid pavement
flexible pavement design example
flexible pavement of road construction
flexible pavement ppt
types of rigid pavements
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aashto rigid pavement design
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Objective and classification of highway maintenance works. Distresses and maintenance measures in flexible and rigid pavements. Concept of pavement evaluation: Functional and Structural
Inadequate Stability or Strength
Loss of binding action
Loss of base course materials
Inadequate wearing course
Use of inferior materials and crushing of base course materials
Lack of lateral confinement for the granular base course.
Inadequate Stability or Strength
Loss of binding action
Loss of base course materials
Inadequate wearing course
Use of inferior materials and crushing of base course materials
Lack of lateral confinement for the granular base course.
This will gives a idea about various types of flexible pavement failure in roads with a most specific pictures.This was the report submitted as an assignment at Nepal engineering college,Kumari club ,Balkhu kathmandu in MSC-TEAM classes.
Highway Construction Materials and PracticeSenthamizhan M
Sub grade soil is an integral part of the road pavement structure as it provides the support to the pavement from beneath.
The sub grade soil and its properties are important in the design of pavement structure.
The main function of the sub grade is to give adequate support to the pavement and for this the sub grade should possess sufficient stability under adverse climatic and loading conditions.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
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Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
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Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
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Seminar Presentation "Pavements failures and their maintenance"
1. Seminar on –
“Pavement Failures and their
Maintenance”
Bangalore Institute of Technology
K R road, V V Pura, Bangalore – 560 004
Department of Civil Engineering
Presented By – C T Akshay Kuma
1BI15CV041
Under the Guidance of
M B Girish
Asst. Prof, Department of Civil Engineering
Bangalore Institute of Technology
1
3. Introduction
A pavement is the durable surface material laid down on an
area intended to sustain vehicular traffic, such as
a road or walkway. A pavement is designed to support the
wheel loads imposed on it from traffic moving over it.
Pavement structure generally consists of few layers of
selected superior pavement materials laid over a
prepared subgrade. It consists of prepared soil subgrade,
granular sub-base course, base course and surface
course.
Based on structural behaviour, pavements are classified
into two categories –
1. Flexible pavement
2. Rigid pavement 3
4. Flexible pavements – are those which have low flexural
strength and flexible in their structural action under the
loads. They are also called as Bituminous Concrete
pavements.
Rigid pavements – are those which possess high flexural
strength. They are also called as Cement Concrete
pavements.
4
6. Cracking
Types of Cracking
1. Alligator cracking
2. Block cracking
3. Longitudinal and Transverse cracking
4. Reflection cracking
6
7. Alligator Cracking – It occurs due to repeated traffic
loading. They are load associated structural failure. They
can occur due to weak surface, base or sub-base coarse,
and poor drainage.
7
8. Block cracking – It is caused mainly due to the shrinkage
of the asphalt pavement due to inability of the binder to
expand and contract with temperature changes. It is not
load associated, but loads can increase the severity of
cracks.
8
9. Longitudinal and Transverse cracking – These are cracks
are parallel to the pavement centerline. They are caused
by shrinkage of asphalt surface due to low temperature or
asphalt hardening or by reflective cracks.
9
10. Reflection cracking – It is caused by differential
movement across the underlying crack or joint. These
cracks are found in flexible pavement overlay over a rigid
pavement (i.e., asphalt over concrete).
10
11. Remedial measures for Cracking
A thin (150 to 300 mm) strip of geo-textile can be applied
on the crack.
Extensive cracking can be sealed by application of a
membrane of Polymer modified bitumen(PMB).
Less sever surface cracking can be addressed with the
application of a rejuvenator to the surface.
Extensive and severe surface cracking can be rectified
by removal and replacement of the defective portion of
the layer.
11
12. Potholes
Potholes are small, bowl-shaped depressions
developed on the surface of the flexible pavement.
They penetrate all the way through the asphalt layer
down to the base course. Potholes are the result of
moisture infiltration, stagnation of water and usually
the end result of untreated alligator cracking. As
alligator cracking becomes severe, the
interconnected cracks create small chunks of
pavement, which can be dislodged as vehicles drive
over them. The remaining hole after the pavement
chunk is dislodged is called a pothole.
12
14. Remedial measures for pot holes
Pot holes can be rectified by patching the entire depth of
the pot hole. Bituminous pavement adjoining the pothole
also gets deteriorated and develops cracks. The weak
material around the pothole is removed before patch
work. Rectangular area adjoining the pot hole is cut to a
maximum depth of pot hole. Tack coat is sprayed over
the area. Then the pot hole is filled with a mix of
aggregates and binder. It is then compacted.
14
15. Rutting
Rutting is the longitudinal deformation or depression of the
pavement surface along the wheel paths of heavy
vehicles. Longitudinal ruts are Ruts in asphalt pavements
are channelized depressions in the wheel-tracks.
Longitudinal ruts are formed due to the repeated
application of heavy loads along the same wheel path
resulting in permanent deformation of the pavement
layers and also subgrade. Shallow ruts are caused due to
consolidation or deformation of the surface coarse,
insufficient pavement thickness, weak asphalt mixes, or
moisture infiltration.
15
17. Remedial measures for Rutting
The affected area is cleaned and tack coat is applied
covering the rut. Then the ruts are filled using dense
graded or open graded pre–mix. Finally a seal coat is
applied followed by compacting the surface. A thin
bituminous resurfacing is provided to achieve good riding
quality.
17
18. Shoving
Shoving is the formation of ripples or the longitudinal
displacement of localized areas across a pavement
caused by shear forces induced by traffic loading.
Shoving occurs at locations having severe horizontal
stresses, such as at intersections. It is caused by excess
asphalt content, high quantity of fine aggregate, presence
of rounded aggregate, or a weak granular base.
18
20. Remedial measures for Shoving
Shoving can be rectified by partial or full depth patch work.
The surface is first cleaned and then a tack coat is
applied. The affected area is then filled with aggregates
and bituminous mix. A seal coat is applied and a
resurfacing coarse is applied.
20
21. Raveling
Raveling (or aggregate loss) is the process where the
aggregate particles are dislodged from the pavement
surface where the asphalt binder is removed. Raveling is
caused by the abrasive action of traffic, low binder
content, construction during wet weather, delayed rolling
or over heating of the bituminous mix.
21
23. Remedial measures for Raveling
If the raveling is in its initial stage, the surface is cleaned
and a seal coat(or slurry seal) is applied.
For severe raveling conditions, the surface is cleaned and a
tack coat is applied. This is followed by applying a
resurfacing coarse.
23
24. Bleeding
Bleeding is the condition where a film of bituminous
binder is present on the surface which creates a
shiny, reflective surface which may be tacky in hot
weather. It is caused by high asphalt content or low
air void content. Bleeding reduces the skid resistance
of the pavement with affects the safety of the road
users. Since the bleeding process is not reversible
during cold months, asphalt will accumulate on the
surface and lower the skid resistance.
24
25. Remedial measures for Bleeding
Minor bleeding can be corrected by applying coarse sand to
blot up the excess asphalt binder.
Major bleeding can be corrected by cutting off excess
asphalt with a motor grader or removing it with a heater
planer. This is followed by a resurfacing.
25
26. References
1. S K Khanna, C E G Justo, A Veeraragavan “Highway
Engineering” revised 10th edition
2. Al-Mustansiryah University, Faculty of Engineering, Department
of Highways and Transportation Engineering, “Highway
Maintenance Course” (2015-2016).
3. Zulufqar Bin Rashid, Dr. Rakesh Gupta “Study of defects in
Flexible Pavement and its Maintenance” Volume 15, Issue 2
(Ver. II) Mar. - Apr. 2018
4. Sharad.S.Adlinge, Prof.A.K.Gupta “Pavement Deterioration
and its Causes”
5. Surajo Abubakar Wada “Bituminous Pavement Failures”
Volume 6, Issue 2, (Part - 4) February 2016
26