This document discusses the concept of mortality. It defines mortality as death after birth from infancy. Some key causes of mortality discussed include diseases, communicable diseases, violence, and child diseases. It also examines types of child mortality such as neonatal mortality and post-neonatal mortality. Factors affecting mortality include income, occupation, heredity, health services, and gender. The document outlines several ways to measure mortality rates such as crude death rate, infant mortality rate, age-specific death rate, and maternal mortality rate.

1. SAKIL HOSSAIN
5TH SEMESTER
REG. NO. -0152005010382
DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY
FALAKATA COLLEGE
UNIVERSITY OF NORTH BENGAL

2. CONTENT
• LEARNING OBJECTIVES
• INTRODUCTION
• DEFINITION
• CAUSES OF MORTALITY
• REPRODUCTIVE WASTAGE
• TYPES OF CHILD MORTALITY
• CAUSES OF CHILD MORTALITY
• FACTORS AFFECTING MORTALITY
• RISK OF DYING
• MEASURMENT OF MORTALITY
• CONCLUSION

3. 1. Understand the concept of Mortality.
2. List the main measures of mortality.
3. Define Mortality Rates.
4. Undusted the factors affecting mortality
LEARNING OBJECTIVES

4. Birth and death are integral parts of human life.
Humans are mortal. A person is considered dead if
there are no signs of life. Mortality is the death of a
human being in any condition after birth from
infancy.
INTRODUCTION

5. According to WHO mortality is “ all live born infants should
be registered and counted as such irrespective of the period
of gestation and if they die any time following birth they
should also be registered and counted as death.
DEFINITION

6.  The United Nation divided the causes of death in 5 categories
i.e.-
1. First Category: The causes of death of this category is
Epidemic, Malaria, Cholera etc.
2. Second Category: The cause of death of this class is
Cancer.
3. Third category: Communication is the causes of death in
this category .
4. Fourth Category: Violence, Extremism, Suicide,
Accident, Attack is main causes of this class.
5. Fifth Category: Different types of child disease .
CAUSES OF MORTALITY

7. Reproductive Wastage refers to the death of a child from the
time of conception to the age of 5 years.
REPRODUCTIVE WASTAGE
Reproductive Wastage
Pre-Natal
Mortality
Infancy
Mortality
Childhood
Mortality

8.  If a child dies within one year of birth, it is called infant
death. Infant mortality can be divided into two categories-
1. Neo-Natal mortality: The mortality of live-born before
completing four weeks or 28 days of life is known as
neo-natal mortality.
2. Post Neo-Natal Mortality: The mortality of live-born
after 28 days after birth, but before reaching the age of
one year is called post-neo-natal mortality.
TYPES OF CHILD MORTALITY

9. 1. Neo-Natal Mortality
 Low birth weight and prematurity
 Birth injury
 Haemolytic disease
 Sepsis
2. Post Neo-Natal Mortality
 Malnutrition
 Acute respiratory infection
 Diarrheal disease
CAUSES OF CHILD MORTALITY

10. FACTORS
AFFECTING
MORTALITY
INCOME
OCCUPATION
HEREDITY
FEEDING RULE
HEALTH
SERVICES
MALE -
FEMALE
POVERTY
MARITAL
STATUS

11. The time in life when the probability of death is high is
called Risk of Dying.
The probability of dying at birth is
equal to the probability of dying at age 70, and the
probability of dying in the first year after birth is equal
to the probability of dying at age 60.
RISK OF DYING

12.  Crude Death Rate (CDR): The crude death rate is calculated
by dividing the number of registered deaths in a year by the
mid-year population for the same year.
 Formula:
CDR =
 Infant Mortality Rate(IMR): If a child dies within one
year of birth, it is called infant death.
 Formula :
IMR =
Total number of death
Total mid-year population
x 1000
Number of infant deaths in a year
Total number of live birth in a same year
x 1000
MEASUREMENT OF MORTALITY

13.  Age Specific Death Rate(ASDR): The death rate among
people of different age groups of a country or region is called
age specific death rate.
 Formula:
ASDR=
 Age-Sex Specific Death Rate(ASSDR): The death rate of
male female of different age group is called Age-Sex Specific
Death Rate.
 Formula:
ASSDR=
The number of deaths in a particular age group
Total population of that particular age group
x 1000
Number of male / female deaths of certain age groups
Total number of males / females at that age
x 1000

14.  Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR): Death of a women
While Pregnant or during delivery or within 42 days
of termination of pregnancy.
 Formula:
MMR=
Number of maternal death
Number of live birth
x 1,0000

15.  At last it can be said that, death rate mainly refers to
manpower loss or population loss. Mortality affects
population structure. Mortality is an important
concept like reproduction and migration.
CONCLUSION