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Semantics-Things and Events   Consider the following scenario:   1  (a) *The dragon saw a gold.  (b) The dragon saw some gold.  (c) *The dragon saw some golds.  (d) The dragon saw a heap/some heaps of    gold
SYNTAX OR SEMANTICS 2  (a) The dragon saw a ring.  (b) *The dragon saw some ring. (c) The dragon saw some rings.  (d) The dragon saw a heap/some heaps of  rings
‘gold’ and ‘ring’ are acceptable in different  kinds of syntactic environment.  ,[object Object],difference.  ,[object Object],whereas artifacts like rings are thought of as  individual items.
STATIVE PREDICATE 3  	(a)  Istanbul overlooks the Bosporus.  	(b)  The child was asleep.  ,[object Object],happening.  ,[object Object],(a) is permanent, while it is temporary in (b).  ,[object Object],they may be other expressions attached with  a copula
EVENTIVE PREDICATES 3  	(c)  Mozart died in 1791.  	(d)  One of the soldiers coughed. ,[object Object],events.  ,[object Object],verbs.
TYPES OF STATES  (1) Intrinsic properties:  ,[object Object],between individuals)  ,[object Object],about classes of individuals (cf. c below).    (a) John is angry.      (b) Mary is ugly. (c) Snakes are poisonous.  (d) ?? Snakes are asleep.
TYPES OF STATES (2) Temporary phases: 	(a) John is  asleep.  (b) ?? Philosophers are angry. Compare (b) with (c).  ,[object Object],(c) is better than (b) because ugly is an intrinsic  property
STATIVE VS. EVENTIVE PREDICATES ,[object Object],states) are like a still photograph.  ,[object Object],from one state to another

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Dragon Gold Rings States Events Semantics

  • 1. Semantics-Things and Events Consider the following scenario: 1 (a) *The dragon saw a gold. (b) The dragon saw some gold. (c) *The dragon saw some golds. (d) The dragon saw a heap/some heaps of gold
  • 2. SYNTAX OR SEMANTICS 2 (a) The dragon saw a ring. (b) *The dragon saw some ring. (c) The dragon saw some rings. (d) The dragon saw a heap/some heaps of rings
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