1. Week 7 –Morphology (4) How are morphemes organized within words? Affixes, prefixes and suffixes Prefix: a prefix is attached to the front of the stem, e.g. untrue, disappear, repaint Suffix: a suffix follows the stem, e.g. girls Infixes: some languages have infixes like Tagalog (spoken on the Philippines) Eg. gulay ‘greenish vegetable’, by adding the infix ‘-in-, becomes ginulay ‘greenish blue’
2. Exercice How many morphemes are there in the word uncontrolably? Design a chart showing the different parts.
4. 1. new words can be formed from existing words and word parts 2. words can be borrowed from another language 3. new words can be made up, created from scratch
5. How to derive new words Affixes By simply adding a morpheme to the existing stem. Example, English adds the suffix –erto verbs. sing >>>singer (someone who sings) Campaign>>>campaigner (someone who campaigns) 2. Reduplication A morpheme or part of a morpheme is repeated to create a new word with a different meaning or different category.
6. Reduplication is common in Chinese, Motu, or Turkish. Example: In the language Motu: Mahuta ‘to sleep’, but mahutamahuta ‘to sleep constantly’ The closest example in English would be, night-night, very verytired.
7. 3. compounds Recent ones: e-mail,web page, web site, download, upload 4. shortenings At times, we shorten words to make new words. Eg. Feds (federal agents) Indie (independent films) Apps (computer applications) Pc (personal compuater)
8. 5. Acronyms UNESCO, NASA, YUPPY (young urban professional) 6. Blends Blends are words created by combining parts of existing words. Smog >> (smoke +fog) Motel >>(motor+hotel)
9. Biotech (biology+technology) Any blends in Arabic? 6. Back formation For instance creating a verb from a noun, example verb pronunciate comes from the noun pronunciation. Other examples include , baby-sit (backformed from nouns, babysitter), to typewrite (from typewriter), edit (from editor)
