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Quantifier part 2

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PREVIOUS CLASS Predicates: ,[object Object]
Lexical relations don’t make very informative statements about the world. Quantifiers: ,[object Object]
Not statements about the meaning of words but claims about the situation in the world.
NUMERALS The same thing can be said about numerals. ,[object Object],This statement indicates that there are five objects which both are planets and are visible to the naked eye. ,[object Object],of things which are visible to the naked eye have an intersection, and that intersectioncontains exactly five elements.
Numerals The denotation of the numeral five is a relation between sets. ,[object Object],intersection has five elements. ,[object Object],objects is one such pair. Another pair: ‘Five students passed the course’
NUMERALS Specify the conditions which the two sets must satisfy for the sentence to be true. ,[object Object], A = set of planes, B = set of entities which contain fuel. ,[object Object],[object Object]
Numerals ‘All four planes are fuelled’. ,[object Object]
A is a subset of B and A ∩ B contains four individuals.
NUMERALS ‘No planes are fuelled’. ,[object Object],contain fuel. ,[object Object],[object Object]
(b) Some students were thirsty.
(c) No students were revising. Which students are being talked about in these sentences?
Restriction and scope ,[object Object]
The sentences refer to the students in a particular situation, a group who can be readily picked out by the intended hearer (or reader) of the sentence.
The second set doesn’t seem to have this effect. We don’t have to know anything about the whole set of tired entities, thirsty entities or revising entities in order to understand the sentence.

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Quantifier part 2

  • 1.
  • 2.
  • 3. Not statements about the meaning of words but claims about the situation in the world.
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8. A is a subset of B and A ∩ B contains four individuals.
  • 9.
  • 10. (b) Some students were thirsty.
  • 11. (c) No students were revising. Which students are being talked about in these sentences?
  • 12.
  • 13. The sentences refer to the students in a particular situation, a group who can be readily picked out by the intended hearer (or reader) of the sentence.
  • 14. The second set doesn’t seem to have this effect. We don’t have to know anything about the whole set of tired entities, thirsty entities or revising entities in order to understand the sentence.
  • 15.
  • 16. It is known as the RESTRICTION set.
  • 17. The second set is the main predicate of the sentence.
  • 18.
  • 19.
  • 21.
  • 22.
  • 23. Scope of a quantifier.