Defination of SPND, its charecterstics like mechanical and Nuclear, Technical specification of Inconel SPND, applications, advantages and disadvantages.
Super conductors,properties and its application and BCS theorysmithag7
superconductors:-Introduction, definition, type1,type2 and atypical. Preparation of high temperature super conductor-Y1 Ba2Cu3Ox±δ, BCS theory and general application of high temperature super conductors.
This ppt describes about,
introduction of fuses, construction, Important terms, advantages and disadvantages, desirable characteristics of fuse element, Current time characteristics, Fuse types - Low voltages fuses and High voltage fuses, Semi enclosed rewirable fuse, HRC cartridge fuses - parts, operation, pros and cons, High voltage fuses and its types, selection of fuses, discrimination
INTRODUCTION: Fibre optical sensors offer number of distinct advantages which makes them unique for many applications where conventional sensors are difficult or impossible to deploy or can not provide the same wealth of information. They are completely passive, hence can be used in explosive environment. Immunity to electromagnetic interference makes it ideal for microwave environment. They are resistant to high temperatures and chemically reactive environment, ideal for harsh and hostile environment. Small size makes it ideal for embedding and surface mounting. Has high degree of biocompatibility, non-intrusive nature and electromagnetic immunity, ideal for medical applications like intra-aortic balloon pumping. They can monitor a wide range of physical and chemical parameters. It has potential for very high sensitivity, range and resolution. Complete electrical insulation from high electrostatic potential and Remote operation over several km lengths without any lead sensitivity makes it ideal for deployment in boreholes or measurements in hazardous environment. Unique multiplexed and distributed sensors provide measurements at large number of points along single optical cable, ideal for minimising cable deployment and cable weight, monitoring extended structures like pipelines, dams.
Various types of sensors are Point sensors, Integrated Sensors, Quasidistributed multiplexed sensors, Distributed sensors. Examples of such sensors are Fabry-Perot sensors, Single Fibre Bragg Grating sensors, Integrated strain sensor, Intruder Pressure sensor, Strain/Force sensor, Position sensor, Temperature sensor, Deformation sensor etc.
Super conductors,properties and its application and BCS theorysmithag7
superconductors:-Introduction, definition, type1,type2 and atypical. Preparation of high temperature super conductor-Y1 Ba2Cu3Ox±δ, BCS theory and general application of high temperature super conductors.
This ppt describes about,
introduction of fuses, construction, Important terms, advantages and disadvantages, desirable characteristics of fuse element, Current time characteristics, Fuse types - Low voltages fuses and High voltage fuses, Semi enclosed rewirable fuse, HRC cartridge fuses - parts, operation, pros and cons, High voltage fuses and its types, selection of fuses, discrimination
INTRODUCTION: Fibre optical sensors offer number of distinct advantages which makes them unique for many applications where conventional sensors are difficult or impossible to deploy or can not provide the same wealth of information. They are completely passive, hence can be used in explosive environment. Immunity to electromagnetic interference makes it ideal for microwave environment. They are resistant to high temperatures and chemically reactive environment, ideal for harsh and hostile environment. Small size makes it ideal for embedding and surface mounting. Has high degree of biocompatibility, non-intrusive nature and electromagnetic immunity, ideal for medical applications like intra-aortic balloon pumping. They can monitor a wide range of physical and chemical parameters. It has potential for very high sensitivity, range and resolution. Complete electrical insulation from high electrostatic potential and Remote operation over several km lengths without any lead sensitivity makes it ideal for deployment in boreholes or measurements in hazardous environment. Unique multiplexed and distributed sensors provide measurements at large number of points along single optical cable, ideal for minimising cable deployment and cable weight, monitoring extended structures like pipelines, dams.
Various types of sensors are Point sensors, Integrated Sensors, Quasidistributed multiplexed sensors, Distributed sensors. Examples of such sensors are Fabry-Perot sensors, Single Fibre Bragg Grating sensors, Integrated strain sensor, Intruder Pressure sensor, Strain/Force sensor, Position sensor, Temperature sensor, Deformation sensor etc.
Directed Energy Weapons
===================
Directed energy weapons take many forms. From EMP (electromagnetic pulses) to HPM (high powered microwaves), several weaponized forms of Radio Frequency are being developed.
These .pdf’s from the US Navy Directed Energy Warfare Office (DEWO) show multiple applications for defensive / offensive Radio Frequency weaponry.
Many people have fallen behind the times in regards to understanding what capabilities are being developed, and what current next generation weapons are being deployed.
http://www.navsea.navy.mil/nswc/dahlgren/Leading%20Edge/Directed%20Energy/files/inc/1250074754.pdf
for many more visit :
hossamozein.blogspot.com/2011/08/laser-wepon.html
This presentation is about conventional X-Ray Tubes. It is very clear and concise. Easy to understand for everyone. It includes history, types, construction, working , advantages and disadvantages also in very simple and in effective manner.
OES is the reference analysis technique for elemental analysis of solid metallic samples . that uses the light emitted of an excited element and (PMT) convert the light in an electrical signal. that can be read by the instrument computer and the software
Directed Energy Weapons
===================
Directed energy weapons take many forms. From EMP (electromagnetic pulses) to HPM (high powered microwaves), several weaponized forms of Radio Frequency are being developed.
These .pdf’s from the US Navy Directed Energy Warfare Office (DEWO) show multiple applications for defensive / offensive Radio Frequency weaponry.
Many people have fallen behind the times in regards to understanding what capabilities are being developed, and what current next generation weapons are being deployed.
http://www.navsea.navy.mil/nswc/dahlgren/Leading%20Edge/Directed%20Energy/files/inc/1250074754.pdf
for many more visit :
hossamozein.blogspot.com/2011/08/laser-wepon.html
This presentation is about conventional X-Ray Tubes. It is very clear and concise. Easy to understand for everyone. It includes history, types, construction, working , advantages and disadvantages also in very simple and in effective manner.
OES is the reference analysis technique for elemental analysis of solid metallic samples . that uses the light emitted of an excited element and (PMT) convert the light in an electrical signal. that can be read by the instrument computer and the software
Oral medicine and Radiology, Dentistry
Components of tube head.
Production of X-rays
Factors controlling the x-ray beam.
Collimation.
Inverse square law.
Stuart. C. White and Michael J. Pharoah
In this pdf you will learn how the x ray machines work and how x rays produce, to enhance your knowledge about x rays machine then you have read this. You will get every knowledge about xrays in short and easy language.
APPLICATION OF FIBRE IN NUCLEAR ENERGY PLANTAmal Ray
A number of organic materials are used in the field of nuclear power. Fibres are used extensively , not only as the basis for working suits, but also in scientific processing.
For example hollow fibres are an integral part of of the filters usedto purify the reactor’s cooling water.
The problem however is that in radiationenvironment they suffer in their durability and mechanical strength. Composite materials are now being examined, such as Glass fibre. But their behaviour in an ionising radiation flux over a long period is not known.
The why, which, and how of an inductor coil you need to know before approaching an inductor coil manufacturer in India is essential, and is beautifully covered in this blog.
this power-point slide presentation includes lots of information like how MRI coil works. what is shimming, magnet, fringe, and design of mri coil and also magnet. this will help a lot for radiologist and technician radiographers.. thanks.
How to extract shielded cable properties for radiated susceptibilityEMI Software LLC
The task is to characterize cables for EMC. Often we have to determine if a certain cable is adequate for the environment. How to input cable characteristics into EMI Analyst to perform RE/RS type tests? Let's find out in the above presentation.
This is my talk presented at IOT NCR Developer community
on 12th may 2018
This presentation covers some introductory portion regarding the basics of electronics, IOT Hardware sensors, Difference between Microprocessor and Microcontroller, linear and SMPS Power supplies. Interfacing protocols used with integrating IOT sensors.
The attached narrated power point presentation explains the constructional features of different types of resistors, their specifications and applications. The material will be useful for KTU first year B Tech students who prepare for the subject EST 130, Part B, Basic Electronics Engineering.
Presenting a topic which is entitled: Detectors
Above topic includes:
Types of detector
phototube detector
photomultiplier tubes
silicon photodiodes
photovoltaic cells
advantages
multi-channel photon detectors
linear photodiode arrays
photodiode array
with basics of instrumentation and science technology
https://www.linkedin.com/in/preeti-choudhary-266414182/
https://www.instagram.com/chaudharypreeti1997/
https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100013419194533
https://twitter.com/preetic27018281
Please like, share, comment and follow.
stay connected
If any query then contact:
chaudharypreeti1997@gmail.com
Thanking-You
Preeti Choudhary
Similar to Self Powered Neutron Detectors - SPND (20)
Complete details of Tempsens made Thermowells and accessories used in temperature sensors.
Different types of thermowells like weld in, threaded, Flanged, Socket Weld, Van stone etc.
Accessories like Connection Heads, Terminal blocks, connectors, Fittings, pyrometer accessories etc.
Complete Description of High Quality Tempsens Make Instrumentation, Control, Signal and Mineral Insulated (MI) Cables and Wires
And Insulation offered on wires and cables.
These Cables and wires covers wide areas of applications in different types of process industries and OEMs.
MI cables are used for various industrial applications and to make thermocouples and RTDs.
Different types of MI Cables are MI thermocouple cables, MI RTD cables, MI Power cables, MI Heating cables, triaxial cables, coaxial cables and SPNDS.
basic structure of MI Cables comprises of conductors, insulating material and Metal sheath.
Calibration of contact temperature sensors like thermocouples and RTDs. Primary and Secondary Calibration.
Fixed point method in primary calibration.
Stable temperature sources, master sensors and calibrated meter in secondary calibration.
Temperature Calibration equipment for Thermcouple, RTDs, and PyrometersTempsens Instruments
Various types of Tempsens make temperature Calibration Equipment for calibration of temperature sensors accurately. Temperature sources and master sensors
Black body sources, Reference junction units, Dry block Calibrators, Stirred Liquid Baths, Cold Junction Compensation, AUTOCAL,
Description About Laboratory furnaces used in various industrial processes.
Muffle Furnace, Bottom Loading furnaces, Top Loading Furnaces, VMK high temperature furnace, Tubular furnace.
Detailed description of various heaters used in industries with applications and features. Tempsens heaters are highly durable and provide effective solutions in industrial needs.
definition, thermocouple theory and functionality, Component selection for ultra high temperature thermocouples, material used, characteristics advantages and applications.
categorized in refractory thermocouples in which precious metals are used. these thermocouples mainly used for high temperature applications.
the presentation describes about the the AMS 2750 E Standard, details about temperature uniformity survey which is essential for furnace calibration. method of calibration, applications of TUS, and system accuracy test (SAT)
the presentation describes the the purpose of calibration of Pyrometers, equipment requirement, black body source, details about master body and the format of calibration report.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
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Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Gen AI Study Jams _ For the GDSC Leads in India.pdf
Self Powered Neutron Detectors - SPND
1.
2. Contents
• What is SPND
• SPND - Construction
• SPND – Characteristics
• Mechanical Structure and Characteristics
• Nuclear Characteristics
• Technical Specifications of Inconel SPND
• Applications
• Advantages
• Disadvantages
3. What is SPND?
• Self-Powered Neutron Detectors has been used effectively as in-core flux
monitors in nuclear power reactors.
• These detectors use the basic radioactive decay process of its neutron activation
material to produce an output signal
• The basic properties of these radiation sensors include nuclear, electrical and
mechanical characteristics.
• The proper choice of the self-powered detector emitter to provide the proper
response time and radiation sensitivity desired for use in an effective in-core
radiation monitoring system.
• Depending on the response time, these detectors are broadly classified as
prompt and delayed response detectors
5. Emitter: Heart of device which is made from a material chosen for its relatively high Cross-section for
thermal neutron capture leading to beta active radioisotope.
Collector: The current corresponding primarily to the beta rays given off by the emitter is measured
between the emitter and the outer shell, called the collector. High purity stainless steel and Inconel are
most commonly used.
Insulator: The intervening space is filled with insulator, which must be chosen to withstand the
extreme temperature and radiation environment typically found in a reactor core. Metal oxides are most
commonly used insulators with aluminum and magnesium oxide most commonly used.
Detector: A composite bar made up of Inconel 600 external tube, Inconel 600 Internal wire and a small
drilled cylinder made up of Rhodium placed at the middle of the wire and annular MgO pellets as
isolation.
Wire Sheath: unique tube covering both detector and cable zone.
Wire Central Conductor: composed of Inconel 600.
6. SPND - Characteristics
• In Self-Powered Neutron Detectors (SPNDs), the interactions of neutrons and
atomic nuclei are used to produce a current which is proportional to the neutron
fluency rate (flux).
• Self Powered Neutron Detectors (SPNDs) are being widely used to monitor in-core
neutron flux for control, safety, and mapping applications because of their small
size, ruggedness and simplicity.
• As the name implies, no external source of ionizing or collecting voltage is
required to produce the signal current.
7. Mechanical structure
and characteristics
• The typical SPND is a coaxial cable consisting of an inner electrode(the emitter),
surrounded by insulation and an outer electrode (the collector).
• Preferably, the lead cable and detector sections are integral, i.e. the signal wire of
the lead cable mates directly to the emitter; the insulation of both sections are
identical and the collector of the detector section is also the outer sheath of the
lead cable section.
8. Nuclear Characteristics
• For power reactor applications, typical emitter materials used in SPNDs include
Rhodium, Vanadium, Cobalt, Hafnia, Platinum and Silver.
• These materials should be used because they possess relatively high melting
temperatures, relatively high cross sections to thermal neutrons and are
compatible with the SPND manufacturing process.
• Other emitters such as Cadmium, Gadolinium and Erbium may be used in
SPNDs, but are not practical for power reactor applications.
9. Technical Specification of
Inconel type SPND
Emitter Material Inconel 600
Emitter Diameter 1.40 mm
Sensitive Length Can be made upon request
Insulator MgO
Collector Material Inconel 600
Outer Diameter of detector 3.00 mm
For Detector:
10. For Cable:
Length of Cable Can Be made on request
Insulator MgO
Sheath Material Inconel 600
Outer Diameter of Cable 1.60 mm
Characteristics:
Measured Quantity Neutron Flux
Insulation resistance
( at room temperature)
≥ 1 X 1012 Ώ at 250 VDC
Insulation Resistance
(at 300°C)
≥ 5 X 108 Ώ at 250 VDC
11. • It is used for core flux measurement in Nuclear reactor.
• It is used for high flux-high temperature.
• Indication or control.
• It is used for mapping or permanent installation.
Applications of SPND
12. Advantages of SPND
• Need no power supply.
• Simple and robust structure.
• Relatively small mechanical size desired for in-core installation.
• Good stability under temperature and pressure conditions.
• Generate a reproducible linear signal.
• Low burn-up (dependent on emitter material).
13. Disadvantages of SPND
• Limited operating range due to relatively low neutron sensitivity.
• Compensation for background noise required (for some emitters).
• Delayed signal response (for some emitters).