concrete is widely used around the world. the consumption rate of cement of a country gives the development rate of the country. hence concrete is used in most of the construction works. concrete tends to crack when there is air voids etc. this ill further corrode the reinforcement and cause in destruction of the structure. bio concrete is a type of concrete hat will help in closing those cracks by itself.
Formation of cracks in concrete is a common phenomenon that allows many chemicals, water to seep inside leading to decrease in durability, including progressive drop in concrete strength. The maintenance and repair of structural concrete is very complex phenomenon. Self-healing concrete, using bacteria at the time of mixing, is an impressive solution to overcome these kinds of adverse effects. It is an economical way is to prepare concrete of better quality. The study was carried out to investigate the concrete performance by adding bacteria “Bacillus subtilis”. This Self-Healing concrete is also known as as Bio-concrete. Bacteria was induced directly in the concrete mix along with calcium lactate i.e., an organic precursor producing calcium carbonate crystals that block cracks and pores in the concrete. Samples were made with different quantities of bacteria and results showed significant increase in compressive strength of concrete and decrease in permeability. The concrete micro-structure was observed under SEM which also confirmed the experimental results obtained.
concrete is widely used around the world. the consumption rate of cement of a country gives the development rate of the country. hence concrete is used in most of the construction works. concrete tends to crack when there is air voids etc. this ill further corrode the reinforcement and cause in destruction of the structure. bio concrete is a type of concrete hat will help in closing those cracks by itself.
Formation of cracks in concrete is a common phenomenon that allows many chemicals, water to seep inside leading to decrease in durability, including progressive drop in concrete strength. The maintenance and repair of structural concrete is very complex phenomenon. Self-healing concrete, using bacteria at the time of mixing, is an impressive solution to overcome these kinds of adverse effects. It is an economical way is to prepare concrete of better quality. The study was carried out to investigate the concrete performance by adding bacteria “Bacillus subtilis”. This Self-Healing concrete is also known as as Bio-concrete. Bacteria was induced directly in the concrete mix along with calcium lactate i.e., an organic precursor producing calcium carbonate crystals that block cracks and pores in the concrete. Samples were made with different quantities of bacteria and results showed significant increase in compressive strength of concrete and decrease in permeability. The concrete micro-structure was observed under SEM which also confirmed the experimental results obtained.
Cracks in concrete are inevitable and are one of the inherent weaknesses of concrete. Water and other salts seep through these cracks, corrosion initiates, and thus reduces the life of concrete. So there was a need to develop an inherent biomaterial, a self - repairing material which can remediate the cracks and fissures in concrete. Bacterial concrete is a material, which can successfully remediate cracks in concrete. This technique is highly desirable because the mineral precipitation induced as a result of microbial activities is pollution free and natural. As the cell wall of bacteria is anionic, metal accumulation (calcite) on the surface of the wall is substantial, thus the entire cell becomes crystalline and they eventually plug the pores and cracks in concrete. This paper discusses the plugging of artificially cracked cement mortar using Bacillus Pasteurii bacteria combined with sand as a filling material in artificially made cuts in cement mortar which was cured in urea and Calcium chloride medium. The effect on the compressive strength and stiffness of the cement mortar cubes due to the mixing of bacteria is also discussed in this paper. It was found that use of bacteria improves the stiffness and compressive strength of concrete. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to document the role of bacteria in microbiologically induced mineral precipitation. Rod like impressions were found on the face of calcite crystals indicating the presence of bacteria in those places.
In this study, bacterial concrete is to be prepared under grade of concrete OPC 43.The design mix proportioning also carried under IS code provision. Testing of specimens are carried at 7 days ,14 days and 28 days of curing by Compression Testing Machine and Universal Testing Machine for corresponding specimens. The Compressive Strength and Flexural Strength of Bacterial Concrete are found.
BACTERIAL CONCRETE - A SOLUTION TO CRACK FORMATIONAM Publications
Concrete is a homogenous mixture and cracks in concrete are inevitable so there is a need for repair which affects the economic life of any structure. To overcome this problem an inherent biomaterial is developed, a self-repairing material which can remediate the cracks in concrete. Bacterial concrete is a technique which is highly desirable because the calcium precipitation is induced as a result of microbial activities. This helps in increasing the strength and durability of concrete. As per the results, it is clearly observed that there is increase in compressive strength, tensile strength and durability in bacterial concrete as compared with normal concrete. This is the main objective of the bacterial concrete for which it was introduced. Various tests which are carried out to study these properties of concrete are compressive strength test, Split tensile test. Scanning Electron Microscope (S.E.M) is used to study the growth of bacteria in the concrete. It is observed that for bacterial proportion 105 cells (24 ml of bacteria in 1000ml), there is significant increase in compressive strength of the bacterial concrete i.e. around 25% increase in strength as compared with normal concrete. For this purpose bacteria used is Bacillus Subtilis.
Self healing of cracks or self-filling of cracks by the help of bacterial process after hardening is known as self healing concrete, It is also known as bacterial concrete. Bacterial concrete refers to a new generation concrete in which selective cementation by microbiologically-induced CaCO3 precipitation has been introduced for remediation of micro-cracks. Self-repairing of cracks without any external aide.
Significant increase in compressive strength and flexural strength when compared to normal concrete.
Resistance towards freeze-thaw attacks.
Reduction in permeability of concrete.
Reduces the corrosion of steel due to the cracks formation and improves the durability of steel reinforced concrete.
Bacillus bacteria are harmless to human life and hence it can be used effectively.
Self-healing concrete is a product that will biologically produce limestone to heal cracks that appear on the surface of concrete structures. ... Moreover, micro cracks sometimes heal themselves as many types of concrete feature a certain crack-healing capacity.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Cracks in concrete are inevitable and are one of the inherent weaknesses of concrete. Water and other salts seep through these cracks, corrosion initiates, and thus reduces the life of concrete. So there was a need to develop an inherent biomaterial, a self - repairing material which can remediate the cracks and fissures in concrete. Bacterial concrete is a material, which can successfully remediate cracks in concrete. This technique is highly desirable because the mineral precipitation induced as a result of microbial activities is pollution free and natural. As the cell wall of bacteria is anionic, metal accumulation (calcite) on the surface of the wall is substantial, thus the entire cell becomes crystalline and they eventually plug the pores and cracks in concrete. This paper discusses the plugging of artificially cracked cement mortar using Bacillus Pasteurii bacteria combined with sand as a filling material in artificially made cuts in cement mortar which was cured in urea and Calcium chloride medium. The effect on the compressive strength and stiffness of the cement mortar cubes due to the mixing of bacteria is also discussed in this paper. It was found that use of bacteria improves the stiffness and compressive strength of concrete. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to document the role of bacteria in microbiologically induced mineral precipitation. Rod like impressions were found on the face of calcite crystals indicating the presence of bacteria in those places.
In this study, bacterial concrete is to be prepared under grade of concrete OPC 43.The design mix proportioning also carried under IS code provision. Testing of specimens are carried at 7 days ,14 days and 28 days of curing by Compression Testing Machine and Universal Testing Machine for corresponding specimens. The Compressive Strength and Flexural Strength of Bacterial Concrete are found.
BACTERIAL CONCRETE - A SOLUTION TO CRACK FORMATIONAM Publications
Concrete is a homogenous mixture and cracks in concrete are inevitable so there is a need for repair which affects the economic life of any structure. To overcome this problem an inherent biomaterial is developed, a self-repairing material which can remediate the cracks in concrete. Bacterial concrete is a technique which is highly desirable because the calcium precipitation is induced as a result of microbial activities. This helps in increasing the strength and durability of concrete. As per the results, it is clearly observed that there is increase in compressive strength, tensile strength and durability in bacterial concrete as compared with normal concrete. This is the main objective of the bacterial concrete for which it was introduced. Various tests which are carried out to study these properties of concrete are compressive strength test, Split tensile test. Scanning Electron Microscope (S.E.M) is used to study the growth of bacteria in the concrete. It is observed that for bacterial proportion 105 cells (24 ml of bacteria in 1000ml), there is significant increase in compressive strength of the bacterial concrete i.e. around 25% increase in strength as compared with normal concrete. For this purpose bacteria used is Bacillus Subtilis.
Self healing of cracks or self-filling of cracks by the help of bacterial process after hardening is known as self healing concrete, It is also known as bacterial concrete. Bacterial concrete refers to a new generation concrete in which selective cementation by microbiologically-induced CaCO3 precipitation has been introduced for remediation of micro-cracks. Self-repairing of cracks without any external aide.
Significant increase in compressive strength and flexural strength when compared to normal concrete.
Resistance towards freeze-thaw attacks.
Reduction in permeability of concrete.
Reduces the corrosion of steel due to the cracks formation and improves the durability of steel reinforced concrete.
Bacillus bacteria are harmless to human life and hence it can be used effectively.
Self-healing concrete is a product that will biologically produce limestone to heal cracks that appear on the surface of concrete structures. ... Moreover, micro cracks sometimes heal themselves as many types of concrete feature a certain crack-healing capacity.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
2. INTRODUCTION
BACTERIAL CONCREATE
BACTERIA USED
CHARACTERISTIC OF BACTERIA
MIXING OF BACTERIAL CONCREATE
MECHANISM OF HEALING
CHEMICAL REACTION
APPLICATION
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANDAGES
CONCLUSION
REFERENCE
3. Cracks in concreate is formed due to various reasons which allows chemical and water to enter, and causes
corrosion of reinforcement and finally leads to failure of structures.
There are different methods for prevention and controls of cracks, bacterial concreate is one of them.
The bacterial which are added to concrete and makes the concrete which can repair itself without human
work called Bacterial based self healing concrete.
Bacteria‘s added with soluble calcium lactate (feed) which convert it into insoluble crystals
of calcium carbonate, when exposed to atmosphere.
Which seals the cracks and makes the concreate impermeable
4. The principle of the concrete is “Bio mineralization”, precipitation of crystal by using bacterial.
Bacteria’s mixed with concrete at the time mixing and they remain hibernated for 200 years.
Gets activated when exposed to water or moisture.
The concrete is high in alkalinity and pH varies from 8-9, the bacteias used should be able to sustain
alkaline environment.
These bacteria‘s able to precipitate calcite crystals.
5. Various bacteria used in the production
of bacterial concrete are.
• Bacillus pasteurizing
• Lysinibacillus sphaericus
• Escherichia coli
• Bacillus subtilis
• Bacillus cohnii
• Bacillus halodurans
• Bacillus pseudofirmus
6. Single celled organism.
Commonly available in all type of soil.
Doesn’t cause any harm to human.
Doesn’t react with other ingrediantsof the concrete.
Susceptible to high alkline environment.
Suitable for all type of concrete.
7. Bacterial concrete is prepared in two ways;
1. By direct application method.
2. By encapsulation method.
By direct application method:
In this direct method, the bacterial spores and calcium lactate are directly added into the concrete after the
mixing process.
By encapsulation method:
In this method, the bacterial spores and calcium lactate are placed together in clay pellets and these are
mixed in the concrete at 6% of the total concrete mixture.
8. 01
When the cracks develops it allows water and moisture content into the concrete.
As soon as the water enters the concrete through cracks, the bacteria become active and it start
feeding the calcium lactate and absorbs the oxygen water or moisture and start precipitating the
insoluble crystals of calcium carbonate and seals the cracks.
When the cracks completely filled and again bacteria goes to hibernate.
It takes around two weeks to complete heal a crack width of 0.4 mm.
9. • As bacteria feeds oxygen is consumed and the soluble calcium lactate is converted to insoluble
limestone.
• The limestone solidifies on the cracked surface, thereby sealing itup.
• Tests all shows that bacteria embedded concrete has lower water and chloride permeablity by 88%.
• Reactin : Ca(C3H5O2)2+7O2 ~ CaCO3+5O2+5H20
• The crystal expand until the entire gap is filled.
10. Used in under water structure.
Used in water bearing structures.
Used in under ground structures.
Used in pre cast members.
Used for all type of concrete works.
11. • Self-repairing of concrete without any external applications.
• The flexural strength and compressive strength of self healing concrete are greater than the normal
concrete.
• The permeability of concrete is reduced.
• It also reduces the corrosion of steel reinforcement and improves durability.
• Bacillus bacteria are harmless and can be used for the repairing of the concrete.
• Cost of construction more.
• Skilled labour required.
• Bacterial culture required.
• Accuracy in mixing and culturing.
12. From these studies, it is clear that we can implement this
technology to improve the properties of concrete.
When we compare the cost with sustainability, for long term
solution, the self healing of concrete is dominating the
conventional one.
In the future, self healing concrete is going to revolutionize the
construction industry.
13. • Ramachandran SK, Ramakrishnan v. And Bang SS, Remediation of concrete using micro
organism ACI material journal 98 ( 1 ) , 3-9(2001)
• S SUNIL PRATAP REDDY international journal of earth science and engineering ISSN 0974-5904
VOL, 03,NO0l, February 2010,pp 116-124.
• Chintalpudi karthik, rama mohan rao properties of Bacterial-based self healing concrete,
international journal of chemical tech research (2016) vol9 pp 182-188.
• Ability sing parmar, ankit patel (2013) , "improvement on the concrete cracks by using Bacillus
pasteruii", international journal for scientific research & development, vol 1 issue 1 .
