The document summarizes a study that examined predictors of hope among Filipino millennial college students. It describes measures of social support, self-esteem, personality traits, and hope that were administered to 194 psychology students aged 15-25. The results found that significant others and self-esteem were significant predictors of hope. The study aimed to identify variables that could help nurture hope and inform strength-based mental health programs for college students.
This literature review explores adolescent suicide and alienation. Suicide is the third leading cause of death for those aged 15-24 and is often preceded by mental disorders like depression. Risk factors include a family history of suicide, substance abuse, damaged parent-child relationships, bullying, and social isolation. Protective factors include strong family support and problem-solving skills. While interventions aim to improve coping skills and screening, barriers include stigma and lack of coordination between mental health and other services. Further research is still needed to better understand demographic and cultural influences and determine the most effective prevention strategies, especially improving family connectedness.
Social anxiety is the most common anxiety disorder and it affects individuals’ life very
profoundly. Recent findings have suggested that both parental attitudes and hopelessness are potential
vulnerability and maintenance factors for the development of social anxiety symptoms. Therefore, the aims of
the current study were to examine whether social anxiety, perceived parental attitudes and hopelessness differ
in male and female adolescents in order to identify predictors of social anxiety in Turkish adolescents. Hence,
the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, the short form of EgnaMinnenBeträffandeUppfostran Scale (short-EMBU),
and Hopelessness Scale were administered to 756 adolescents. Consistent with other findings, we could show
that females experienced more social anxiety, perceived more emotional warmth and more overprotection from
mother and mother than males. The results of a regression analysis for the whole sample revealed that being
female, greater the number of sibling, older grades, low mother education, perceived rejection from mother and
hopelessness are significant predictors of social anxiety. Finally, social anxiety was predicted by different
variables for females, (class level, mother education, mother rejection, hopelessness) and males (number of
sibling, hopelessness). Therefore, clinicians should consider these differences in their interventions.
Protective Factors Determine Resilience in Madurese Ethnic Adolescentinventionjournals
: living in the center of drug circulation and use is the highest factor possibly influencing that adolescents in madura are easily involved in drug use. Some factors to protect adolescents from getting involved in drug abuse are needed. Based on this phenomenon, this research aims at analyzing the influence of protective factors determining resilience of Madurese ethnic adolescents living in the environment of high-risk drug abuse. Parents‟ role, emotion control, religiosity, and self esteem of Madurese ethnic called „Ajina aba‟ as the mediator variable are the protective factors that would be tested for their influences toward resilience. The research subjects were obtained through purposive sampling with 356 adolescents of Madurese ethnic living in the area of high-risk areas of drug abuse, born and living in Madura, with parents of native Madurese. SEM was used for analyzing the data. The result of this study suggested that there is no direct influence of parents‟ role toward resilence, but parents‟ role has positive influence toward resilience when the mediator variable is the self esteem of Madurese ethnic. There is positive influence of emotion regulation toward resilence. Other result showed that there is negative influence of religiosity toward resilience when directly associated. However, religiosity has positive influence when the self esteem of Madurese ethnic is used as mediator variable. In addition, the self esteem of Madurese ethnic was proven to be mediator variable and has positive influence toward resilience. This result implies that parents‟ role, emotion regulation, religiosity, and self esteem of Madurese ethnic are protective factors that can be used as guide in designing program to prevent drug abuse by Madurese ethnic adolescents
The document discusses research on the relationship between childhood trauma and the development of borderline personality disorder (BPD). It summarizes that research has found childhood trauma, such as abuse, neglect, parental loss or divorce, is very common in those diagnosed with BPD. Events like 9/11 that caused trauma through parental loss could potentially increase BPD diagnoses later in life. The document concludes that childhood trauma interrupts healthy attachment and increases the likelihood of a BPD diagnosis, though more research is still needed.
The Effects of Religiosity on Depressive Symptomatology in College-age StudentsDevon Berry
This document summarizes a presentation on a study that examined the relationship between religiosity and depressive symptomatology in college students. The study tested an explanatory model of how religiosity may moderate the relationship between cognitive vulnerability and stress in predicting depression. The study found that higher religiosity was associated with increased risk for depressive symptoms. Religiosity did not moderate the relationships as hypothesized but appeared to directly increase risk for depression. Possible explanations for the unexpected findings are discussed.
The document discusses suicidal ideation among older adults. It notes that adults over 65 have the highest suicide rates compared to younger age groups. Suicide is a leading cause of death for older adults and is preventable. Key risk factors for suicidal ideation in older adults include loss of autonomy, life regrets, impulsivity, hopelessness, and feeling like a burden. Proper assessment and treatment requires evaluating not just depression but also these additional risk factors. Early identification of suicidal thoughts in older adults is important to implement effective interventions.
1) Christian faith-based organizations (CFBOs) promote positive identity development in orphans and vulnerable youth (OVY) through emphasizing each person's inherent worth and purpose.
2) CFBOs are more likely to effectively influence identity development for OVY who have regular contact through living in orphanages or other facilities, as identity is shaped through close relationships.
3) The chapter examines theories of identity development from Freud, Erikson, and others, defining identity as how one sees themselves and the social role they adhere to based on self-perception within a given social context.
Innovations in Prevention: Youth Substance Abuse & Dating ViolenceChristine Wekerle
This document discusses youth substance abuse and dating violence prevention. It notes the co-occurrence of these issues and the importance of targeting multiple related problems. Effective prevention requires understanding risk factors like child maltreatment history and trauma symptoms, as well as motivational stages and alternative reinforcers. The Youth Relationships Project targets relationships skills and social action to reduce dating violence among high-risk child welfare youth. Broad surveillance is needed to assess prevention program impact at the community level.
This literature review explores adolescent suicide and alienation. Suicide is the third leading cause of death for those aged 15-24 and is often preceded by mental disorders like depression. Risk factors include a family history of suicide, substance abuse, damaged parent-child relationships, bullying, and social isolation. Protective factors include strong family support and problem-solving skills. While interventions aim to improve coping skills and screening, barriers include stigma and lack of coordination between mental health and other services. Further research is still needed to better understand demographic and cultural influences and determine the most effective prevention strategies, especially improving family connectedness.
Social anxiety is the most common anxiety disorder and it affects individuals’ life very
profoundly. Recent findings have suggested that both parental attitudes and hopelessness are potential
vulnerability and maintenance factors for the development of social anxiety symptoms. Therefore, the aims of
the current study were to examine whether social anxiety, perceived parental attitudes and hopelessness differ
in male and female adolescents in order to identify predictors of social anxiety in Turkish adolescents. Hence,
the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, the short form of EgnaMinnenBeträffandeUppfostran Scale (short-EMBU),
and Hopelessness Scale were administered to 756 adolescents. Consistent with other findings, we could show
that females experienced more social anxiety, perceived more emotional warmth and more overprotection from
mother and mother than males. The results of a regression analysis for the whole sample revealed that being
female, greater the number of sibling, older grades, low mother education, perceived rejection from mother and
hopelessness are significant predictors of social anxiety. Finally, social anxiety was predicted by different
variables for females, (class level, mother education, mother rejection, hopelessness) and males (number of
sibling, hopelessness). Therefore, clinicians should consider these differences in their interventions.
Protective Factors Determine Resilience in Madurese Ethnic Adolescentinventionjournals
: living in the center of drug circulation and use is the highest factor possibly influencing that adolescents in madura are easily involved in drug use. Some factors to protect adolescents from getting involved in drug abuse are needed. Based on this phenomenon, this research aims at analyzing the influence of protective factors determining resilience of Madurese ethnic adolescents living in the environment of high-risk drug abuse. Parents‟ role, emotion control, religiosity, and self esteem of Madurese ethnic called „Ajina aba‟ as the mediator variable are the protective factors that would be tested for their influences toward resilience. The research subjects were obtained through purposive sampling with 356 adolescents of Madurese ethnic living in the area of high-risk areas of drug abuse, born and living in Madura, with parents of native Madurese. SEM was used for analyzing the data. The result of this study suggested that there is no direct influence of parents‟ role toward resilence, but parents‟ role has positive influence toward resilience when the mediator variable is the self esteem of Madurese ethnic. There is positive influence of emotion regulation toward resilence. Other result showed that there is negative influence of religiosity toward resilience when directly associated. However, religiosity has positive influence when the self esteem of Madurese ethnic is used as mediator variable. In addition, the self esteem of Madurese ethnic was proven to be mediator variable and has positive influence toward resilience. This result implies that parents‟ role, emotion regulation, religiosity, and self esteem of Madurese ethnic are protective factors that can be used as guide in designing program to prevent drug abuse by Madurese ethnic adolescents
The document discusses research on the relationship between childhood trauma and the development of borderline personality disorder (BPD). It summarizes that research has found childhood trauma, such as abuse, neglect, parental loss or divorce, is very common in those diagnosed with BPD. Events like 9/11 that caused trauma through parental loss could potentially increase BPD diagnoses later in life. The document concludes that childhood trauma interrupts healthy attachment and increases the likelihood of a BPD diagnosis, though more research is still needed.
The Effects of Religiosity on Depressive Symptomatology in College-age StudentsDevon Berry
This document summarizes a presentation on a study that examined the relationship between religiosity and depressive symptomatology in college students. The study tested an explanatory model of how religiosity may moderate the relationship between cognitive vulnerability and stress in predicting depression. The study found that higher religiosity was associated with increased risk for depressive symptoms. Religiosity did not moderate the relationships as hypothesized but appeared to directly increase risk for depression. Possible explanations for the unexpected findings are discussed.
The document discusses suicidal ideation among older adults. It notes that adults over 65 have the highest suicide rates compared to younger age groups. Suicide is a leading cause of death for older adults and is preventable. Key risk factors for suicidal ideation in older adults include loss of autonomy, life regrets, impulsivity, hopelessness, and feeling like a burden. Proper assessment and treatment requires evaluating not just depression but also these additional risk factors. Early identification of suicidal thoughts in older adults is important to implement effective interventions.
1) Christian faith-based organizations (CFBOs) promote positive identity development in orphans and vulnerable youth (OVY) through emphasizing each person's inherent worth and purpose.
2) CFBOs are more likely to effectively influence identity development for OVY who have regular contact through living in orphanages or other facilities, as identity is shaped through close relationships.
3) The chapter examines theories of identity development from Freud, Erikson, and others, defining identity as how one sees themselves and the social role they adhere to based on self-perception within a given social context.
Innovations in Prevention: Youth Substance Abuse & Dating ViolenceChristine Wekerle
This document discusses youth substance abuse and dating violence prevention. It notes the co-occurrence of these issues and the importance of targeting multiple related problems. Effective prevention requires understanding risk factors like child maltreatment history and trauma symptoms, as well as motivational stages and alternative reinforcers. The Youth Relationships Project targets relationships skills and social action to reduce dating violence among high-risk child welfare youth. Broad surveillance is needed to assess prevention program impact at the community level.
This document provides an introduction to a research study on the relationship between self-esteem and health-related risk behaviors among adolescents in Baguio City, Philippines. The study aims to understand how self-esteem relates to physical harm, substance abuse, sexual behaviors, dietary behaviors, and physical inactivity. It also examines potential differences based on gender and ethnicity. A correlational quantitative research design will be used, collecting data through a questionnaire distributed to a sample of 385 adolescents. The questionnaire will assess self-esteem and engagement in health risks, adapted from established tools.
Attachment Security and Perceived Parental Psychological Control as Parameter...ijtsrd
The study examined attachment security and perceived parental psychological control as parameters of social value orientation among early adolescents. Participants for the study were 210 early adolescents who volunteered from NnamdiAzikiwe University High Awka. Participants’ age ranged from 11 to 15 years, with mean age of 13.26 years and standard deviation of 1.34. Three instruments were deployed for data collection secure domain of the attachment style questionnaire SDASQ by Van Oudenhoven, Hofstra, and Bakker 2003 , adopted version of psychological control domain of the parental control scale developed by Barber 1996 and social value orientation SVO developed by Schwartz 1994 . The study adopted correlation design and statistics appropriate for data analysis were correlation and multiple regression analysis enter method. Hypothesis one was confirmed and result showed that attachment security significantly and positively predicted social value orientation at B = .73 , P . 001. Hypothesis two result was not confirmed at B = .06, p .05. Hence, attachment security is a significant predictor of social value orientation. It was recommended that parents, teachers and care givers should ensure that they establish low anxiety type of relationship with their new born children in order to enhance low anxiety and low avoidance as this will help them at early adolescents to withstand peer pressure of during early adolescent. Nweke, Kingsley Onyibor | Dike Ibiwari Caroline | Dike, Adannia Amarachukwu | Umeaku Ndubuisi Nkemakonam "Attachment Security and Perceived Parental Psychological Control as Parameters of Social Value Orientation among Early Adolescents" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42368.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comhumanities-and-the-arts/psychology/42368/attachment-security-and-perceived-parental-psychological-control-as-parameters-of-social-value-orientation-among-early-adolescents/nweke-kingsley-onyibor
This document is a research proposal that examines bullying in primary and secondary school environments. It begins with an introduction that defines bullying and notes its prevalence. It then discusses characteristics of typical victims and bullies, differences in bullying by grade, gender, and type of aggression. The proposal also reviews effects of victimization like increased health issues, anxiety, depression, and substance abuse. The methods section outlines plans to study participants of different ages, genders, and socioeconomic backgrounds using surveys to collect both qualitative and quantitative data for analysis.
Bullying in childhood can have long lasting negative effects. Victims are more likely to experience mental health issues like depression, anxiety, and low self-esteem that may persist into adulthood. Longitudinal studies show childhood victims are at higher risk as adults for disorders like depression, anxiety, antisocial personality disorder, and suicide attempts. Victims also tend to have poorer social relationships, economic difficulties, and lower quality of life in mid-life compared to non-victims. The effects of bullying can last decades and negatively impact both psychological and physical health.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BIG 5 PERSONALITY TRAITS AND LIFE SATISFACTION OF AM...IAEME Publication
The study examines the relationship between the Big five personality traits of N CC female students and life satisfaction in Tiruchirappalli. This study consists of 208 female respondents, who had attended the Annual training camp in Tiruchirappalli. Finings revealed that the Big five personality traits explained about 30.1% of variance in life satisfaction. Among the Big Five traits, extra-version and neuroticism were found to be the strongest predictors of life satisfaction.
This document summarizes a presentation on a study examining psychosocial correlates of Internet harassment among youth. The study involved a national survey of 1,499 youth Internet users ages 10-17. Key findings included:
- 6% reported being a victim of Internet harassment in the past year, with 1/3 feeling emotionally distressed.
- Victims were more likely to report depressive symptoms and interpersonal victimization compared to non-victims.
- "Harasser-victims" who were both aggressors and victims reported the most behavioral and psychological problems.
- Distressed victims were more likely to be younger, less experienced Internet users, and to experience aggressive offline contact from harassers.
A survey of “bullying traits” as perceived by schooling adolescents in nigeriaAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on bullying traits as perceived by schooling adolescents in Nigeria. The study was conducted to identify bullying traits and determine assessment techniques to address bullying challenges among adolescents. A survey was administered to 150 adolescents from southeast Nigeria. Findings identified several bullying traits including name-calling, teasing, threatening, and social exclusion. The study also examined appropriate assessment techniques to measure bullying traits and help reduce bullying in schools.
Child Maltreatment in Abnormal Psychology TextbooksParisa Kaliush
The study analyzed the presentation of child maltreatment in 10 popular abnormal psychology textbooks. It measured the number of times each form of child maltreatment was mentioned, the number of psychological disorders linked to child maltreatment, and the number of citations of relevant research. The results found inconsistencies between textbooks in the information presented about child maltreatment. While most textbooks emphasized child sexual abuse, other forms like neglect were rarely mentioned. Some textbooks also presented controversial or misleading claims without citing opposing evidence. Overall, the study concluded the textbooks could improve by standardizing and more comprehensively covering information on child maltreatment and its psychological impacts.
The document discusses stress, coping, and adjustment frameworks for understanding intercultural contact and transition. It outlines factors that influence the stress experience during cultural transition, including life changes, social support, coping resources, modes of acculturation, cultural distance, and experiences with prejudice and discrimination in the host culture. Psychological adjustment is viewed as a process that varies over time and is impacted by both societal and individual variables.
Trauma Informed Care & Graduation Rates (Joseph Lavoritano)JoeLavoritano
Developmental trauma is real, and disproportionately affects children from poor neighborhoods.
Prolonged exposure to stress and trauma has a deleterious effect on the developing brain.
Moving from a "sickness model" to an "injury model" of trauma-informed care has had a positive impact on outcomes for the youth in the St. Gabriel's system.
Teens Volunteering: Implications for mental healthMichael Torres
This document discusses the mental and physical health benefits of volunteering, particularly for veterans. It describes programs like Team Rubicon and The Mission Continues that provide volunteer opportunities for veterans to build skills and purpose. Research cited found volunteering was associated with reduced depression and improved well-being and health outcomes for veterans, the elderly, and youth. Volunteering can cultivate positive emotions that are protective against stress and health issues by alleviating feelings of isolation or loss of purpose.
This document summarizes a research study that investigated pro-social behavior across different age groups and genders in Pakistan. The study found no significant differences in pro-social behavior between younger and older participants or between males and females. The document suggests that widespread social, economic, and political ambiguities in recent decades have increased stress and insecurity in society, reducing individuals' willingness to engage in pro-social acts. It recommends community interventions, strengthening family relationships, and cultural changes to promote pro-social values in order to increase helping behavior.
Academic Cheating Among Youths: A Causal Pathway Model James Tobin, Ph.D.
Academic cheating is a problem more commonly manifested among children and adolescents than one might expect. Researchers estimate that approximately 75% of high school students cheat at some point during their course of academic study (e.g., McCabe, Trevino, & Butterfield, 2001; Whitley, 1998). While cheating appears to be widespread, it has been under-emphasized in the empirical literature and poorly understood as a behavioral phenomenon despite its association with a range of youth risk factors (including low self-esteem and poor academic performance) and its capacity to predict more severe problems in later adolescence and young adulthood. Conducted by co-authors Nicolette de Sumrak, M.A. and James Tobin, Ph.D., this review attempted to organize the current research findings on academic cheating into a comprehensive causal pathway model. Empirical findings were categorized into (1) individual, (2) contextual and (3) moderating factors that interact to increase the likelihood of the onset and maintenance of cheating behavior.
This document discusses using social media as a therapeutic intervention and stigma reduction effort for emerging adults with mental illness. Emerging adulthood is a peak time for developing mental health issues but this age group is least likely to seek treatment, partly due to social stigma. The document reviews efforts to reduce stigma, like encouraging contact with people with mental illness and personal narratives. It suggests leveraging social media, as emerging adults use it for self-expression, and it can change social norms. Allowing therapeutic self-expression on social media may effectively reduce stigma and empower emerging adults with mental health issues.
This document discusses a study on self-identification with major depressive disorder (MDD) among undergraduate college students. The study examined how exposure to diagnostic criteria and different patient accounts affected self-identification with MDD. Results showed those exposed to diagnostic criteria and an account of a clinically diagnosed patient were more likely to identify themselves as having MDD, compared to those exposed to other patient accounts or no additional information. The document provides background on rising internet use, depression prevalence among college students, and issues with primary care physicians prescribing antidepressants without oversight from mental health professionals. It argues proper diagnosis and long-term treatment are needed but often lacking.
Domestic violence psychologically affects victims and families in several ways. It can cause health issues for victims like depression, substance abuse, and chronic illness. Witnessing domestic violence can negatively impact children's development and behavior, lowering IQs and increasing aggression and emotional problems. Exposure to domestic violence has also been linked to intergenerational cycles of abuse, with children of abuse being more likely to become future victims or abusers themselves. Treatment for abusers and support for victims is important to help break these harmful cycles.
This study investigated the relationships between childhood trauma, psychological symptoms, and barriers to seeking mental health care among college students. It was hypothesized that childhood trauma would be correlated with both psychological symptoms and barriers to care, and that psychological symptoms would mediate the relationship between childhood trauma and barriers. Participants completed questionnaires measuring these constructs. Results found childhood trauma was correlated with both psychological symptoms and barriers to care. Psychological symptoms also mediated the relationship between childhood trauma and barriers, such that the relationship was weaker when accounting for psychological symptoms. This suggests childhood trauma influences barriers indirectly through its effect on increasing psychological symptoms.
Role of Parental Acceptance and Self-Esteem on Suicidal Ideation among young ...AJHSSR Journal
This study examined the relationship between parental acceptance, self-esteem, and suicidal ideation among young adults in Bangladesh. 112 young adults aged 17-24 completed questionnaires measuring their perceptions of parental acceptance, self-esteem, and suicidal thoughts. The study found no significant gender differences in these variables. Higher levels of perceived parental acceptance and self-esteem were associated with lower levels of suicidal ideation. The findings suggest that strong family bonds and positive self-esteem may help reduce suicidal thoughts among young people.
Critical Review of Research Evidence Part 3 FDRobert Cope
This document discusses trauma experienced by children in foster care and the potential for EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing) therapy to help address it. Children in foster care often experience trauma from being removed from their biological homes as well as potential abuse or neglect. They also face issues from multiple placements and aging out of the system unprepared. EMDR is presented as a promising 8-step therapy that could help youth resolve memories from traumatic experiences. The document examines the scope of problems faced by the foster care population and why addressing trauma is important to help youth as they transition into adulthood.
A Review Study on Spiritual Intelligence, Adolescence and Spiritual Intellig...Jonathan Dunnemann
This paper reviewed the articles about adolescence, its relation to spiritual intelligence and the related theories. The adolescence period is the best time to develop positive emotions and training skills, because adolescents are seeking to find their identity and their future personality at this period. Spiritual intelligence has a significant influence on the quality of life and it goes without saying that adolescence is a sensitive period which requires specific training to make a brighter future and be exposed to the difficulties. Spirituality can be viewed as a form of intelligence because it predicts functioning and adaptation and offers capabilities that enable people to solve
problems and attain goals. Conceiving spirituality as a sort of intelligence extends the psychologist’s conception of spirituality and allows its association with the rational cognitive processes like goal achievement and problem solving. Emotional intelligence allows us to judge in which situation we are involved and then to behave appropriately within it. Spiritual intelligence allows us to ask if we want to be in this particular situation in the
first place.
Emotional Competence among the Higher Secondary Studentsijtsrd
The present study focuses on the Emotional Competence among the higher secondary students. The investigator used the random sampling technique for this study. The findings of this study are i Female Students have high Emotional Competence when compared to Male students. ii There is no significant difference in mean scores of Emotional Competence with respect to Religion, iii There is no significant difference in mean scores of Emotional Competence with respect to Medium of Instruction, iv Government School Students have high Emotional Competence when compared to Private and Aided School students, v There is no significant difference in mean scores of Emotional Competence with respect to Family type, vi There is no significant difference in mean scores of Emotional Competence with respect to Father’s Occupation, and vii There is no significant difference in mean scores of Emotional Competence with respect to Mother’s Occupation. Dr. R. Muthaiyan "Emotional Competence among the Higher Secondary Students" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-4 , June 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50239.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/50239/emotional-competence-among-the-higher-secondary-students/dr-r-muthaiyan
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
This document provides an introduction to a research study on the relationship between self-esteem and health-related risk behaviors among adolescents in Baguio City, Philippines. The study aims to understand how self-esteem relates to physical harm, substance abuse, sexual behaviors, dietary behaviors, and physical inactivity. It also examines potential differences based on gender and ethnicity. A correlational quantitative research design will be used, collecting data through a questionnaire distributed to a sample of 385 adolescents. The questionnaire will assess self-esteem and engagement in health risks, adapted from established tools.
Attachment Security and Perceived Parental Psychological Control as Parameter...ijtsrd
The study examined attachment security and perceived parental psychological control as parameters of social value orientation among early adolescents. Participants for the study were 210 early adolescents who volunteered from NnamdiAzikiwe University High Awka. Participants’ age ranged from 11 to 15 years, with mean age of 13.26 years and standard deviation of 1.34. Three instruments were deployed for data collection secure domain of the attachment style questionnaire SDASQ by Van Oudenhoven, Hofstra, and Bakker 2003 , adopted version of psychological control domain of the parental control scale developed by Barber 1996 and social value orientation SVO developed by Schwartz 1994 . The study adopted correlation design and statistics appropriate for data analysis were correlation and multiple regression analysis enter method. Hypothesis one was confirmed and result showed that attachment security significantly and positively predicted social value orientation at B = .73 , P . 001. Hypothesis two result was not confirmed at B = .06, p .05. Hence, attachment security is a significant predictor of social value orientation. It was recommended that parents, teachers and care givers should ensure that they establish low anxiety type of relationship with their new born children in order to enhance low anxiety and low avoidance as this will help them at early adolescents to withstand peer pressure of during early adolescent. Nweke, Kingsley Onyibor | Dike Ibiwari Caroline | Dike, Adannia Amarachukwu | Umeaku Ndubuisi Nkemakonam "Attachment Security and Perceived Parental Psychological Control as Parameters of Social Value Orientation among Early Adolescents" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42368.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comhumanities-and-the-arts/psychology/42368/attachment-security-and-perceived-parental-psychological-control-as-parameters-of-social-value-orientation-among-early-adolescents/nweke-kingsley-onyibor
This document is a research proposal that examines bullying in primary and secondary school environments. It begins with an introduction that defines bullying and notes its prevalence. It then discusses characteristics of typical victims and bullies, differences in bullying by grade, gender, and type of aggression. The proposal also reviews effects of victimization like increased health issues, anxiety, depression, and substance abuse. The methods section outlines plans to study participants of different ages, genders, and socioeconomic backgrounds using surveys to collect both qualitative and quantitative data for analysis.
Bullying in childhood can have long lasting negative effects. Victims are more likely to experience mental health issues like depression, anxiety, and low self-esteem that may persist into adulthood. Longitudinal studies show childhood victims are at higher risk as adults for disorders like depression, anxiety, antisocial personality disorder, and suicide attempts. Victims also tend to have poorer social relationships, economic difficulties, and lower quality of life in mid-life compared to non-victims. The effects of bullying can last decades and negatively impact both psychological and physical health.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BIG 5 PERSONALITY TRAITS AND LIFE SATISFACTION OF AM...IAEME Publication
The study examines the relationship between the Big five personality traits of N CC female students and life satisfaction in Tiruchirappalli. This study consists of 208 female respondents, who had attended the Annual training camp in Tiruchirappalli. Finings revealed that the Big five personality traits explained about 30.1% of variance in life satisfaction. Among the Big Five traits, extra-version and neuroticism were found to be the strongest predictors of life satisfaction.
This document summarizes a presentation on a study examining psychosocial correlates of Internet harassment among youth. The study involved a national survey of 1,499 youth Internet users ages 10-17. Key findings included:
- 6% reported being a victim of Internet harassment in the past year, with 1/3 feeling emotionally distressed.
- Victims were more likely to report depressive symptoms and interpersonal victimization compared to non-victims.
- "Harasser-victims" who were both aggressors and victims reported the most behavioral and psychological problems.
- Distressed victims were more likely to be younger, less experienced Internet users, and to experience aggressive offline contact from harassers.
A survey of “bullying traits” as perceived by schooling adolescents in nigeriaAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on bullying traits as perceived by schooling adolescents in Nigeria. The study was conducted to identify bullying traits and determine assessment techniques to address bullying challenges among adolescents. A survey was administered to 150 adolescents from southeast Nigeria. Findings identified several bullying traits including name-calling, teasing, threatening, and social exclusion. The study also examined appropriate assessment techniques to measure bullying traits and help reduce bullying in schools.
Child Maltreatment in Abnormal Psychology TextbooksParisa Kaliush
The study analyzed the presentation of child maltreatment in 10 popular abnormal psychology textbooks. It measured the number of times each form of child maltreatment was mentioned, the number of psychological disorders linked to child maltreatment, and the number of citations of relevant research. The results found inconsistencies between textbooks in the information presented about child maltreatment. While most textbooks emphasized child sexual abuse, other forms like neglect were rarely mentioned. Some textbooks also presented controversial or misleading claims without citing opposing evidence. Overall, the study concluded the textbooks could improve by standardizing and more comprehensively covering information on child maltreatment and its psychological impacts.
The document discusses stress, coping, and adjustment frameworks for understanding intercultural contact and transition. It outlines factors that influence the stress experience during cultural transition, including life changes, social support, coping resources, modes of acculturation, cultural distance, and experiences with prejudice and discrimination in the host culture. Psychological adjustment is viewed as a process that varies over time and is impacted by both societal and individual variables.
Trauma Informed Care & Graduation Rates (Joseph Lavoritano)JoeLavoritano
Developmental trauma is real, and disproportionately affects children from poor neighborhoods.
Prolonged exposure to stress and trauma has a deleterious effect on the developing brain.
Moving from a "sickness model" to an "injury model" of trauma-informed care has had a positive impact on outcomes for the youth in the St. Gabriel's system.
Teens Volunteering: Implications for mental healthMichael Torres
This document discusses the mental and physical health benefits of volunteering, particularly for veterans. It describes programs like Team Rubicon and The Mission Continues that provide volunteer opportunities for veterans to build skills and purpose. Research cited found volunteering was associated with reduced depression and improved well-being and health outcomes for veterans, the elderly, and youth. Volunteering can cultivate positive emotions that are protective against stress and health issues by alleviating feelings of isolation or loss of purpose.
This document summarizes a research study that investigated pro-social behavior across different age groups and genders in Pakistan. The study found no significant differences in pro-social behavior between younger and older participants or between males and females. The document suggests that widespread social, economic, and political ambiguities in recent decades have increased stress and insecurity in society, reducing individuals' willingness to engage in pro-social acts. It recommends community interventions, strengthening family relationships, and cultural changes to promote pro-social values in order to increase helping behavior.
Academic Cheating Among Youths: A Causal Pathway Model James Tobin, Ph.D.
Academic cheating is a problem more commonly manifested among children and adolescents than one might expect. Researchers estimate that approximately 75% of high school students cheat at some point during their course of academic study (e.g., McCabe, Trevino, & Butterfield, 2001; Whitley, 1998). While cheating appears to be widespread, it has been under-emphasized in the empirical literature and poorly understood as a behavioral phenomenon despite its association with a range of youth risk factors (including low self-esteem and poor academic performance) and its capacity to predict more severe problems in later adolescence and young adulthood. Conducted by co-authors Nicolette de Sumrak, M.A. and James Tobin, Ph.D., this review attempted to organize the current research findings on academic cheating into a comprehensive causal pathway model. Empirical findings were categorized into (1) individual, (2) contextual and (3) moderating factors that interact to increase the likelihood of the onset and maintenance of cheating behavior.
This document discusses using social media as a therapeutic intervention and stigma reduction effort for emerging adults with mental illness. Emerging adulthood is a peak time for developing mental health issues but this age group is least likely to seek treatment, partly due to social stigma. The document reviews efforts to reduce stigma, like encouraging contact with people with mental illness and personal narratives. It suggests leveraging social media, as emerging adults use it for self-expression, and it can change social norms. Allowing therapeutic self-expression on social media may effectively reduce stigma and empower emerging adults with mental health issues.
This document discusses a study on self-identification with major depressive disorder (MDD) among undergraduate college students. The study examined how exposure to diagnostic criteria and different patient accounts affected self-identification with MDD. Results showed those exposed to diagnostic criteria and an account of a clinically diagnosed patient were more likely to identify themselves as having MDD, compared to those exposed to other patient accounts or no additional information. The document provides background on rising internet use, depression prevalence among college students, and issues with primary care physicians prescribing antidepressants without oversight from mental health professionals. It argues proper diagnosis and long-term treatment are needed but often lacking.
Domestic violence psychologically affects victims and families in several ways. It can cause health issues for victims like depression, substance abuse, and chronic illness. Witnessing domestic violence can negatively impact children's development and behavior, lowering IQs and increasing aggression and emotional problems. Exposure to domestic violence has also been linked to intergenerational cycles of abuse, with children of abuse being more likely to become future victims or abusers themselves. Treatment for abusers and support for victims is important to help break these harmful cycles.
This study investigated the relationships between childhood trauma, psychological symptoms, and barriers to seeking mental health care among college students. It was hypothesized that childhood trauma would be correlated with both psychological symptoms and barriers to care, and that psychological symptoms would mediate the relationship between childhood trauma and barriers. Participants completed questionnaires measuring these constructs. Results found childhood trauma was correlated with both psychological symptoms and barriers to care. Psychological symptoms also mediated the relationship between childhood trauma and barriers, such that the relationship was weaker when accounting for psychological symptoms. This suggests childhood trauma influences barriers indirectly through its effect on increasing psychological symptoms.
Role of Parental Acceptance and Self-Esteem on Suicidal Ideation among young ...AJHSSR Journal
This study examined the relationship between parental acceptance, self-esteem, and suicidal ideation among young adults in Bangladesh. 112 young adults aged 17-24 completed questionnaires measuring their perceptions of parental acceptance, self-esteem, and suicidal thoughts. The study found no significant gender differences in these variables. Higher levels of perceived parental acceptance and self-esteem were associated with lower levels of suicidal ideation. The findings suggest that strong family bonds and positive self-esteem may help reduce suicidal thoughts among young people.
Critical Review of Research Evidence Part 3 FDRobert Cope
This document discusses trauma experienced by children in foster care and the potential for EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing) therapy to help address it. Children in foster care often experience trauma from being removed from their biological homes as well as potential abuse or neglect. They also face issues from multiple placements and aging out of the system unprepared. EMDR is presented as a promising 8-step therapy that could help youth resolve memories from traumatic experiences. The document examines the scope of problems faced by the foster care population and why addressing trauma is important to help youth as they transition into adulthood.
A Review Study on Spiritual Intelligence, Adolescence and Spiritual Intellig...Jonathan Dunnemann
This paper reviewed the articles about adolescence, its relation to spiritual intelligence and the related theories. The adolescence period is the best time to develop positive emotions and training skills, because adolescents are seeking to find their identity and their future personality at this period. Spiritual intelligence has a significant influence on the quality of life and it goes without saying that adolescence is a sensitive period which requires specific training to make a brighter future and be exposed to the difficulties. Spirituality can be viewed as a form of intelligence because it predicts functioning and adaptation and offers capabilities that enable people to solve
problems and attain goals. Conceiving spirituality as a sort of intelligence extends the psychologist’s conception of spirituality and allows its association with the rational cognitive processes like goal achievement and problem solving. Emotional intelligence allows us to judge in which situation we are involved and then to behave appropriately within it. Spiritual intelligence allows us to ask if we want to be in this particular situation in the
first place.
Emotional Competence among the Higher Secondary Studentsijtsrd
The present study focuses on the Emotional Competence among the higher secondary students. The investigator used the random sampling technique for this study. The findings of this study are i Female Students have high Emotional Competence when compared to Male students. ii There is no significant difference in mean scores of Emotional Competence with respect to Religion, iii There is no significant difference in mean scores of Emotional Competence with respect to Medium of Instruction, iv Government School Students have high Emotional Competence when compared to Private and Aided School students, v There is no significant difference in mean scores of Emotional Competence with respect to Family type, vi There is no significant difference in mean scores of Emotional Competence with respect to Father’s Occupation, and vii There is no significant difference in mean scores of Emotional Competence with respect to Mother’s Occupation. Dr. R. Muthaiyan "Emotional Competence among the Higher Secondary Students" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-4 , June 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50239.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/50239/emotional-competence-among-the-higher-secondary-students/dr-r-muthaiyan
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Religion on Psychological Well-Being and Self-Efficacy among Secondary School...IJSRP Journal
In recent years, psychological well-being has been critical element in a students’ life. This study has investigated the effect of religious faith on psychological well-being and self-efficacy among secondary school students in Kulim district of Kedah. Quantitative approaches of survey design were used for this study. A number of ninety four secondary school students comprised from form four, and form five were selected using purposive sampling methods as studied subjects. The modified version of Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith Questionnaire (SCSRFQ), Psychological Well Being Inventory (The Ryff Scale) and Self-efficacy for Self-regulated Learning Scale were administered in this study. The finding of linear regression indicated that religious faith is a significant predictor of psychological well-being and self-efficacy among secondary school students in Kulim district of Kedah. The finding also revealed that psychological well-being is a significant predictor of self-efficacy among secondary school students in Kulim district of Kedah. As a conclusion, study disclosed that psychological well-being intensely related to an individual religious faith and proven to lead positive attitude among students in realize their own capability.
1Running Head FINAL PROPOSAL CHILD ABUSE AND ADULT MENTAL HEAL.docxdrennanmicah
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Running Head: FINAL PROPOSAL: CHILD ABUSE AND ADULT MENTAL HEALTH
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FINAL PROPOSAL: CHILD ABUSE AND ADULT MENTAL HEALTH
Diamond Newton
Southern New Hampshire University
March 3, 2019
Problem Statement
Several adults struggle from a variety of mental health issues (suicidal thoughts and tendencies, alcoholism, depression, and drug abusers.) A lot of those issues may stem from what took place during an adult’s childhood that stem from a variety of reasons. Some adults seek help and some refuse to seek help. The adults who do seek help come to realize that their current issues stem from when they were a child and still developing as a human. Child abuse can come in many forms, physical, mental, and sexual. Adults who have been exposed or experienced this are likely to suffer from some form of mental health issue. It is important to figure out the root of mental health issues in adults so the root can be addressed. Children need to be in a healthy environment with nothing short of love and care. Exposing children to a harsh reality is only breeding them into an adult who suffers from mental health issues.
Literature Review
The study of psychology helps researchers to understand better what is going on with a person. Researchers studied what happened in a person's life that causes them to make the decisions they do and behave in a certain way. Adults have this stigmatism that they can do whatever they want because they are "grown." Many adults suffer from something that can cause to lead towards suicidal thoughts and tendencies, alcoholism, depression, and drug abusers. A lot of those issues may stem from what took place during an adult’s childhood. There could be some reasons adults tend to display certain mental health traits that have been studied in many different forms by researchers. What we will be reviewed is the abuse, physical or mental, that an adult endured as a child and how it affects them in their adulthood.
Blanco, C., Grant, B. F., Hasin, D. S., Lin, K. H., Olfson, M. Sugaya, L. (2012) recognized that child physical abuse had been associated with an increased risk of suicide attempts. The study conducted included Blacks, Hispanics and young adults between the ages of 18-24 in 2001-2002 and 2004-2005. In person, interviews were conducted in Wave 1. In Wave 2 used similar methods as Wave 1 but it excluded the individuals who were not eligible. Wave 2 also interviews went into depth about the questions asked for the participants first 17 years of life. There are many other variables that have been added to the data that relate to childhood physical abuse and mental health distress in adult years. Those other adversatives included the history of child sexual abuse and neglect, parental psychopathology, and perceived parental support, described as emotional neglect.
The advantages to this design would be the inclusion of other childhood adversities that could contribute to adult psychiatri.
Spiritual Well-Being and Parenting Stress in Caring for Children with Neuro-D...inventionjournals
Caregivers of children’s with neuro-developmental disorders face challenges starting from resistance and denial, and such challenges may be likely to impact their Well-being. The present study explores the relations between spiritual well-being and parenting stress when parents faced with a crisis like caring for children with neurodevelopmental disorders. A convenient sample of 38 parents who reared 3 to 12-year-old children diagnosed with neurodevelopmental issues was part of the study. Parental Stress Index -Short Form (PSI/SF; Abidin, 1995) and the Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS; Ellison & Paloutzian, 2009) were used to obtain a measure of the variables chosen. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to find out the significance of relations between spiritual well-being and parenting stress. Also, thesignificance of themean difference between the gender groups in relation tospiritual well-being and parenting stress was analysed using Independent Sample‘t’ test. Findings reveal a significant negative correlation between spiritual wellbeing and parenting stress, and it also shows that there is no gender difference in relation to parenting stress and spiritual well-being among parents. The findings indicate that spiritual wellbeing might act as a buffer of parental stress and can play the role of a protective factor against parenting stress for life challenges. It also shows that there might be no gender differences in parents’ experience of stress and spiritual wellbeing, but slight mean differences show a higher stress and spiritual wellbeing among mothers than fathers.
A Conceptual Analysis of Correlates of Domestic Violence and Adolescent Risky...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: The study explores domestic violence and how it influences adolescent risky behavior.
Domestic violence is a devastating social problem resulting in significant and enduring effects on children,
threatening both their health and emotional well-being. The study aimed at examining the relationships between
domestic Violence and Psychological Empowerment, Domestic Violence and Self-esteem, psychological
Empowerment and Self-Regulation, Self Esteem and Psychological empowerment, Self-Esteem and Selfregulation, Self-Regulation and Adolescent Risky Behavior and identify the stronger predictor of self-regulation
between psychological empowerment and Self-esteem. Adolescent respondents who experienced domestic
violence were purposely selected and guided by teachers and administrators who had provided support to these
children.The questionnaire had six sections namely; personal information, the Child Exposure to Domestic
Violence Scale, the Psychological empowerment scale, the Rosenberg Self-esteem Inventory, and the Brief
Self-Control Scale. Data analysis employed Pearson's product-moment correlation (r) to test hypotheses 1,
2,3,4,5, and 6. Regression analysis was used for hypothesis 7.The results show a significant relationship
between domestic Violence and Psychological Empowerment, Domestic Violence and Self-esteem,
psychological Empowerment and Self-Regulation, Self Esteem and Psychological empowerment, Self-Esteem
and Self-regulation, Self-Regulation, and Adolescent Risky Behavior. The study documents that Psychological
empowerment is a stronger predictor of self-regulation than Self-esteem.
KEYWORDS:Domestic violence, psychological empowerment, self-regulation, and Adolescent risky behavior
Write a two-page double spaced, 12 pt font paper on critical contr.docxnealralix138661
Write a two-page double spaced, 12 pt font paper on critical contractual concerns. That is what are the basics of any contract that should be included to protect, you, your business and the other party.
You will enter into many contracts over the course of your personal and professional life. What are the important concerns that will keep you and your assets safe?
Why are contracts important?
Name three (3) possible contracts that a restaurant company may enter into with another organization. Name two issues important for each contract. (Not the same issues)
Self-Doubt During Emerging Adulthood:
The Conditional Mediating Influence
of Mindfulness
Justin W. Peer
1
and Pamela McAuslan
1
Abstract
Emerging adulthood (EA) is a critical time for identity exploration and making decisions regarding the future. Although most
thrive, some emerging adults struggle with the prominent developmental features of this time. Little is known about factors that
may positively influence development during EA. This study examined the mediating impact of mindfulness on the relationship
between normative emerging adult processes (identity exploration, experimentation/possibilities, negativity/instability, self-focus,
and feeling in-between) and self-doubt, while simultaneously considering the moderating effect of age and gender. Using data from
the EA Measured at Multiple Institutions project, reports from 1,293 participants were utilized. Mindfulness mediated the
relationship between various aspects of development (negativity/instability, self-focus, and feeling in-between) and self-doubt with
age and gender moderating aspects of these relationships. The findings highlight the importance of mindfulness during this
important developmental period.
Keywords
emerging adulthood, self-doubt, mindfulness, mental health, well-being
Emerging adulthood (EA) is a critical time for exploring vari-
ous life directions (Arnett, 2000; Reifman & Grahe, 2015) and
forming a coherent sense of identity (Schwartz et al., 2010).
During this time, the ability to consider life’s possibilities is
greater than it will be at any other point (Arnett, 2000), making
this a unique and important point in life span development. EA
is a time that has been reflected upon by adults ‘‘as the most
impactful and impressionable of their lives’’ (Gottlieb, Still, &
Newby-Clark, 2007, p. 132). Arnett (2007) stresses that EA is
a distinct period of development and not merely a transitional
period in life.
Various features related to the developmental challenges
associated with EA exist (Arnett, 2004). These features, includ-
ing identity exploration and possessing feelings of instability,
distinguish this period of life from others. Although these fea-
tures are prominent during EA, Arnett (2004, 2006) suggests
that they are not necessarily universal due to the heterogeneity
of individuals within this group. However, he believes that
these features are what makes EA a distinct p.
A Review Study on Spiritual Intelligence, Adolescence and Spiritual Intellige...Jonathan Dunnemann
This document provides a literature review on spiritual intelligence, adolescence, and related theories. It discusses how adolescence is an important period for developing skills and identity. Spiritual intelligence training during adolescence can help develop emotional regulation, motivation, empathy and build character to successfully transition to adulthood. Theories like Erikson's psychosocial development theory view adolescence as a time of identity crisis that can be resolved through exploring life's direction. Spiritual intelligence is conceived as a type of intelligence involving spiritual capabilities and resources that predict adaptation and problem solving. It allows people to connect intra- and interpersonally and ask deeper questions about life's meaning to develop one's potential.
Dr. Bill’s Notes6D 6110 Week 6 Discussion How To Complete theDustiBuckner14
Dr. Bill’s Notes:
6D 6110 Week 6 Discussion How To Complete the Discussion Requirement
Define and discuss internal and external validity.
Identify threats to internal and external validity in quantitative research.
Explain a strategy to mitigate these threats.
Identify an ethical issue in quantitative research and explain how it influences design decisions.
Explain how a quantitative research topic is amenable to scientific study.
Support your Main Issue Post and Response Post with references to Learning Resources and other scholarly sources from peer reviewed journals
The effect of positive psychology interventions on hope and well-
being of adolescents living in a child and youth care centre
Krysia Teodorczuka, Tharina Guse b and Graham A du Plessisa
aDepartment of Psychology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa; bDepartment of Psychology,
University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
ABSTRACT
This study evaluated the effect of positive psychology interventions (PPIs)
on hope and well-being among adolescents living in a child and youth
care centre (CYCC) in South Africa. Adolescents (n = 29) were allocated
to either the experimental or control group through matched sampling.
The experimental group engaged in one-hour intervention sessions
weekly for six weeks. Measures of well-being and hope were recorded at
three time intervals. Independent- and paired-sample t-tests were
conducted to establish group differences. There were no statistically
significant differences in well-being and hope between the two groups
after the interventions. We discuss moderating factors and offer a
qualitative reflection to better understand these outcomes. With this
understanding, preliminary guidelines are proposed for implementing
PPIs in CYCCs.
ARTICLE HISTORY
Received 18 June 2018
Accepted 9 July 2018
KEYWORDS
Vulnerable adolescents; child
and youth care centres;
residential care; positive
psychology interventions;
well-being; hope
Adolescence is a transitional period of life involving rapid physical, biological, cognitive and psy-
chosocial development (Berger, 2011; Santrock, 2010). These substantial changes contribute
towards a notoriously tumultuous and challenging decade of life (Santrock, 2010). Adolescents
living in Child and Youth Care Centres (CYCCs) experience stressors beyond those of their
family-nurtured peers. Because of a history of complex and frequently maladaptive home, school
and social environments, these youths are vulnerable to increased developmental challenges
and psychological malady.
Research has repeatedly revealed significantly higher levels of psychopathology (Kjelsberg &
Nygren, 2004; Richardson & Lelliott, 2003) and lower levels of well-being (Leslie, Gordon, Ganger,
& Gist, 2002; Zimmer & Panko, 2006) among residents of youth care facilities when compared to
their family-nurtured peers. Moreover, these vulnerable youths are also prone to low levels of self-
worth, self-esteem and hope ...
A Study of Personality of Secondary School Students in Relation to Frustrationijtsrd
The current study aimed at exploring the relationship between reactions to frustration level and personality of secondary school students in Indore city. Research Design To meet the objectives, ex post facto design used or the data was analysed and proper statistical techniques used. For this purpose a sample of 50 adolescents, randomly selected from four Male and Female secondary schools students Indore city, was taken. As a result significant negative relationship was found between Frustration and personality of Adolescents of Male and Female secondary schools students. Dr. Inderjeet Singh Bhatia "A Study of Personality of Secondary School Students in Relation to Frustration" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-4 , June 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50341.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/50341/a-study-of-personality-of-secondary-school-students-in-relation-to-frustration/dr-inderjeet-singh-bhatia
15Problem Orientation and Psychologica.docxrobert345678
1
5
Problem Orientation and Psychological Distress Among Adolescents: Do Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies Mediate Their Relationship?
Student's name; students' names
Department affiliation; university affiliation
Course name; course number
Instructors’ name
Assignment due date
Part One
The development of essential attitudes and abilities that help determine a person's susceptibility to psychological discomfort occurs throughout adolescence's formative years. This particular research aimed to investigate the relationship between problem-solving-oriented and cognitive-behavioral techniques for emotion regulation and levels of psychological discomfort (Speyer etal.,2021).
Notably, the issue of violence among adolescents is increasingly recognized as a severe problem in terms of public health. However, little research has investigated the importance of techniques to control cognitive emotion in teenagers, despite the increased interest in psychographic risk factors for violent conduct. The primary focus of this study will be to investigate the frequency of violent behaviors shown by adolescents and to determine the nature of the connection that exists between specific coping mechanisms for regulating cognition and emotion and various manifestations of aggressive behavior. Using confidential, self-reporting questionnaires, the research will conduct a cross-sectional survey of 3,315 students in grades 7 to 10 to investigate methods by which young adolescents may manage their cognitive processes, emotions, and actions connected to violence. The participants will be notified about the survey, but their personal information will not be public under any circumstances since this would violate ethical standards.
The influence of a father on his children might also vary depending on the gender and age of the kid. For boys, parental psychological distress is related to higher internalizing and externalizing issues throughout early adolescence. This finding lends credence to the notion that this stage of development may be especially significant in father-son exchanges. On the other hand, there is a correlation between maternal and paternal psychological discomfort in early infancy and increased levels of internalizing and externalizing difficulties in females (Speyer et al.,2021). Growing up with a father who struggles with mental illness may make girls more reserved, reducing the possibility that they would acquire issues that are manifested outside their bodies. This is one of the possible explanations.
Part Two
The whole of this project shall be guided by the research questions below: (what is the prevalence of adolescent violent behaviors? what is the relationship between specific strategies to regulate cognitive emotion and forms of violent behavior?)
To help operationalize the variables, a logistic regression model will be used to determine the nature of the connection between specific violent actions .
The document discusses factors related to subjective well-being and happiness. It covers topics like the influence of geography, race/ethnicity, personality, goals, success, internet use, and different types of happiness. Key findings include that people in different US regions value different factors for happiness, strong ethnic identity correlates with higher well-being, personality traits like low neuroticism and high extraversion predict happiness cross-culturally, and having meaningful goals enhances life satisfaction. It also discusses research showing happiness may lead to greater success and debates around internet use and happiness.
This document is a thesis submitted by Robin Jay Kaye to Leeds Beckett University in 2015 investigating the perceived role of the internet in the psychological well-being of male undergraduate students. The thesis includes an abstract, introduction, methods section describing the study design and participants, findings from focus groups, discussion, and conclusions. The introduction discusses literature showing men are less likely than women to seek help for mental health issues like depression and anxiety due to perceptions of masculinity. The study aimed to understand how young men view the internet as a source of support for psychological distress, and what could encourage help-seeking. The methods involved focus groups with 5 male undergraduate students, which were analyzed for themes. Key findings centered around perceptions of masculinity
72 Character Education And Personal Social Guidance Counseling And Its Effect...Daphne Smith
This document discusses a study that examined the relationship between character education programs, personal social guidance counseling, and the development of personal social competencies in high school students in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The study involved 1,500 high school students and collected data through questionnaires, observations, and documentation. The findings showed that personal social guidance counseling helps to develop teenagers' personal social competence. The document provides background on issues adolescents face and reviews theories and definitions related to character education and personal social guidance counseling.
This document summarizes several research studies that examined risk and protective factors for depression and anxiety among college students. Key findings include:
1) A study of undergraduate students found that those with more severe depression symptoms and anxiety were more likely to experience suicidal ideation. Another study found anxiety to be the strongest predictor of depression in college students.
2) A study of undergraduate and graduate students found a significant positive correlation between high perfectionism scores and both depression and anxiety.
3) A study of undergraduate students found that those using maladaptive coping strategies and having lower life satisfaction were more likely to experience depression and anxiety.
4) A study of graduate psychology students found high levels of stress from academic pressures and finances
This study aimed at finding out the effects of social life adjustment on the academic achievements of adolescents in secondary schools in the North West Region of Cameroon and also to verify if the social life adjustment and academic achievement apply equally for both male and female. Four hundred and eighty (480) students were randomly sampled from three secondary schools in major urban areas of the Region. The descriptive survey design was used for the study. A self-constructed questionnaire with the Likert scale on social life adjustment was used to gather the necessary data. Two null hypotheses were formulated and tested at the 0.05 level of significance. The data were analysed using the chi-square and Fishers’ Z scores for gender. The findings revealed that social life adjustment had significant influence on students’ academic achievements in secondary schools in the North West Region of Cameroon. It was also found that there exist no significant difference in the effects of social life adjustment on academic performance between boys and girls. Based on these findings, it was recommended amongst others that, counsellors should constantly monitor and guide adolescents properly during class periods, recess periods and extracurricular activities in order for them to achieve academically. Keywords: Social life adjustment; Adolescents; Academic achievements; Cameroon.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Running head IMPACTS OF CHILD ABUSE ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT.docxcowinhelen
Running head: IMPACTS OF CHILD ABUSE ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
1
IMPACTS OF CHILD ABUSE ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
11
Impacts of Child Abuse on Growth and Development
Tasha Smith
Ashford University
LIB495: Capstone - Advanced Research Project
05/18/2017
Introduction
In the United States, child abuse is one of the aspects that require a compelling attention from the government, the non-governmental organizations, society, and even individuals. Reports exhibit that nearly six million young people are abused annually. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has identified the aspect to be one of the serious problems that the United States is facing, and for this reason, a compelling remedy is required. It is perceived that there is a probability that a child who undergoes physical and psychological abuse is prone to abuse his or her children when he or she becomes an adult (Starr & Wolfe, 1991). According to the United States Bureau of Health and Human Services, it is essential for parents and guardians to ensure that children are not abused in the society.
Statement of the Problem
The impacts of child abuse from early stages through adulthood have been examined for many years. Child abuse is a very regular practice in the United States with more than six million kids influenced each year (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2014). It is thought to be a serious issue, particularly as the cycle of abuse proceeds since approximately 30% of abusing and disregarded kids will later abuse their own kids (U.S. Bureau of Health and Human Services [HSS], 2013). The effects of abuse on the child using Erikson's hypothesis of psychosocial improvement, the resulting impacts of the abuse on developing grown-ups, and treatment systems, which have turned out to be of help when working with customers who have experienced childhood abuse. It has got several effects on the development and the growth of children later in life (Kelley, Bravo, Braitman, Lawless, & Lawrence, 2016). It is due to this situation that this study will seek to find the impacts of Child Abuse on Growth and Development.
Objective of the study:
To determine the Impacts of Child Abuse on Growth and Development
Research Questions.
1) How do child abuses influence growth and development of a child?
2) To what extent do child abuses affect the growth and development of a child?
3) Do child abuse influence or determine a person’s behavior at adulthood?
4) Is there a likelihood of a child who has been abused to become abusive at adulthood?
5) How do the abused children get along with other children?
Literature review
Erikson depicts one of the main stages prompting adulthood as personality versus part disarray (Lewis, McElroy, Harlaar, & Runyan, 2016). This stage is regularly experienced amid the high school years; in this stage, teenagers encounter an” identity emergency", which is portrayed as an endeavor to characterize who you may be (e.g., vocation, religion, ...
For each of the learning objectives, provide an analysis of how thShainaBoling829
For each of the learning objectives, provide an analysis of how the course supported each objective.
1. Discriminate among the mechanisms of action for the major classes of drugs/medications
2. Critique evidence that supports proposed pharmacotherapeutic protocols for appropriateness of application across the lifespan
3. Integrate the teaching-learning needs of clients across the lifespan when proposing pharmacotherapies
4. Propose prescriptive therapies for selected clients evaluating safety factors while utilizing knowledge of how current health status, age, gender, culture, genetic factors, ethical concerns and prescriptive authority impact decision making
Explain how the material learned in this course, based upon the objectives, will be applicable to professional application.
Provide evidence (citations and references) to support your statements and opinions.
All references and citations should in APA format.
14
Mental Health and Social Work
Shanae Hampton
Cal Baptist University
Introduction
How well a person is able to live a full life, build and maintain relationships and pursue their education, profession or other pursuits requires them to maintain their well-being ranging from physical to mental health. When assisting others to achieve good and self-motivated changes, social workers draw on their relationship-based abilities and emphasize personalization and rehabilitation. A key issue is, "What components and obstacles of an assessment are there in order to reach these outcomes?" When it comes to health promotion and public involvement, social workers are well-suited for this role since primary care is all about these things. Social workers who deal with mental health have unique challenges in assessment, which necessitates them learning and using psychiatric principles. Identifying the need for mental health care requires an understanding of assessment principles.
For this research, the focus is on urban youth's increase in mental health cases which is more influenced by lack of access to mental health care as a result of poverty that affects many children and families in the US. Young people are the most impacted by poverty, accounting for 33% of the total number of individuals in poverty. Children who live in "high risk neighborhoods" are more likely to lack access to the mental health supports they need to manage their symptoms. Stabilization, individual treatment, and symptom management are all important aspects of aftercare for children who have been hospitalized for behavioral difficulties by the time they are six years old (Hodgkinson, 2017).
Literature Review
Inequality based on race and class has been shown to be associated with a variety of negative health outcomes, including poor mental health. Increased financial disparity is associated with an increase in the prevalence of mental illness along a social gradient in mental health. However, psychiatric and psychological approaches have dominated ment ...
Similar to Self Esteem, Social Support, Personality Traits as Predictors of Hope: Millennial Perspective (20)
This document summarizes a presentation on the psychology of multitasking. It discusses what multitasking is, the basic types of multitasking, and presents results from scientific research showing that multitasking reduces productivity and performance. While people feel good when multitasking, research finds it causes more mistakes and less retention of information as the brain can only focus on one thing at a time. The document provides tips for multitasking more successfully, such as using a pomodoro technique and mindfulness to focus on one task at a time.
This document summarizes a presentation about humor, laughter, and healing. It discusses what humor and laughter are, the health benefits of laughter, and different styles of humor. It also describes the physiological and psychological effects of laughter and how brain activity changes when laughing. Finally, it provides exercises and workshops on practicing laughter, including laughing for stress relief, celebration laughter, and laughter yoga techniques.
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Lesson 1 Introduction to Professional Development and Applied EthicsDR. RHEA SANTILLAN
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Self Esteem, Social Support, Personality Traits as Predictors of Hope: Millennial Perspective
1. Self-Esteem, Social Support, Personality Traits as Predictors of Hope:
Millennial Perspectives
Ian I. Llenares1
, Christian Ranche2
Rhea Lowella Santillan Fiser 3
Metropolitan Medical Center College of Arts Science and Technology1
Department of Social Welfare and Development and University of the Philippines Diliman2
Eulogio Among Rodriguez Institute of Science and Technology3
rheasantillan@live.com
09951100143
Abstract
Hope is positive character strength of human being. Hope buffers boredom, stress, and
depression, and enhance well-being. The purpose of this article was to describe the perceived
social support, self-esteem, big five personality traits and hope and also identifies potential vari-
ables that predict hope among millennial Filipino college psychology student samples. The study
utilized descriptive research design. The respondents (n = 194) answered an online survey
through convenience sampling. The survey tools used were Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Multi-
dimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Ten Item Personality Inventory, and Adult Hope
Scale. Among the potential variables (social support, self-esteem, and big five personality traits)
significant others and self-esteem predict hope. The study has implication on the overall well-
being of college students and possible development of a strength-based program on Higher Edu-
cation Institutions.
Keywords: Hope, Social Support, Self-Esteem, Personality, Millennial students
Introduction
Mental health problems affect society as a whole, and not just a small and isolated seg-
ment. An estimated of 450 million people suffered from mental and behavioral disorder and near-
ly 1 million committed suicide every year (WHO, 2003). Globally, depression and suicide were
the major sources of the burden of disease (WHO, 2000, 2012). In the Philippines, depression,
anxiety, and mood disorders were the common mental health problems among adolescents aged
10-24 years old. Based on the World Health Organization (WHO) survey, 42% had felt sad or
hopeless for two weeks or more in the past year, 17.1% had suicide attempt and 16.7% had sui-
cidal ideation (WHO, 2007). In addition, the study on suicide trend and analysis in the Philip-
pines from 1974- 2005 (Redaniel et al., 2011) revealed that incidence of suicide in males in-
creased from 0.23% to 3.59% per 100,000 between 1984 and 2005 while 0.12% to 1.09% per
100,000 in females. Suicide rates among males were similar in all age groups during the period
of study while suicide among females was highest in 15 to 24 years old.
2. Depression is a mental disorder that displays depressed mood, loss of interest or pleasure,
decreased energy, feelings of guilt or low self-worth, disturbed sleep or appetite, poor concentra-
tion and with symptoms of anxiety. Chronic depression leads to individual's inability for self-care
and suicide (WHO, 2012). The frequency and intensity or magnitude of life stressors and cogni-
tive vulnerability domain (e.g. interpersonal) matched with the content domain of negative life
events (e.g. breakup of the relationship) may increase the occurrence of depression (Abramson,
Metalsky, & Alloy, 1989). Depressive symptoms and suicide risk were associated with frequency
of smoking and drinking, absence of parents, dissatisfaction with financial condition (Lee, Sta
Maria, Estanislao, & Rodriguez, 2013), quality of relationship (Consoli et al., 2013; Lee et al.,
2013), and neuroticism and agreeableness (Leow, Lee, & Lynch, 2016; McCann, 2010).
Depressed adolescents' potential risk of suicide-related outcomes had resulted on the loss
of hopeful trait. The absence of hope account for experiencing suicidal ideation and behavior
(Abramson et al., 2002; Davidson et al., 2009). According to Beck et al., (2006) suicide is the
main indicator of hopelessness and hopelessness mediates between negative inferential styles
and the risk for suicide-related outcomes (Abramson et al., 2002).
Within the psychological concepts of depressed adolescents there are balancing psycho-
logical assets they can invest upon in order to build a resilient character. According to Snyder
(2004), hope was a natural balancing force against depression. Hope trait was found correlated
with depression (Davidson et al., 2009; Hedayati & Khazaei, 2014). Strengthening hope trait
(Davidson, Feldman, & Margalit, 2012; Green, Oades, & Grant, 2006; Shin & Park, 2007) has
been one of the goal of Positive psychology, which is to build positive emotion, virtue and re-
silient character (Seligman & Csikszentmihalyi, 2014) while giving equal emphasis on weak-
nesses (Snyder & Lopez, 2009). Strengthening the core of human strengths can lessen depression
(Gander, Proyer, Ruch, & Wyss, 2013; Sin & Lyubomirsky, 2009) and prevent pathologies
(Seligman & Csikszentmihalyi, 2000).
Hope Trait
Hope trait is a positive psychological strength. According to Snyder (1995), hope is de-
fined as a cognitive set comprising of agency (the process of thinking about one's goal along
with the motivation to move forward) and pathways (find ways to reach one's goal). Hope traits
help individual adjust through the difficult time (Cheavens, 2000). According to Bailey et al.,
(2007), hope involves the ability to generate and implement the plan for the future. Higher hope
trait creates positive mental mindset on the extreme environment (Snyder et al., 1991). However,
hope trait does not mean an unconditional belief that everything will go well in someone's life
for example; adolescents may have different views on how he or she sees specific life events,
roles and activity he or she performs. An individual may hold strong hope trait but does not be-
lieve in himself or herself in a given situation. An individual with low hope tends to easily give
up when dealing with loss or challenges in life. Snyder (1994) mentioned that hope trait dies ear-
3. ly on person's life and thus he emphasized the need to boost hope. Nurturing hope trait will be
beneficial to adolescents who encounter new and more challenging situations spanning the acad-
emic, sexual, political and interpersonal domains where they require improving their skills and
resources.
There are several constructs that directly or indirectly contributes to the enhancement of
hope trait like social support (Denewer, Farouk, & Elshamy, 2011; Moreland, 2012; Taei et al.,
2015) particularly, positive peer approval (Paulhus, 1998) and parental support (McDermott &
Hastings, 2000), and self-esteem (Frieson & Frieson, 1996a; Parvan et al., 2015). Thus, harmo-
nizing these network of constructs (social support and self-esteem) potentially provide an effec-
tive and efficient strength- based program for adolescents specifically millennial generation.
Millennial and its characteristics
Millennial also known as "Net Generation" or "Me Generation" is defined as people born
between 1982 to 2005 in the hype of digital age (Howe & Strauss, 2007). They are technologi-
cally savvy and wide users of e-games, smart phones, gadgets, the internet and social media as
the major support system. They are raised in an environment where information, entertainment,
and social interactions are unlimited (Zickuhr, 2011).
Typical of human nature, Millennials have positive and negative traits. Some of their dis-
tinct traits are special, sheltered, determined, goal-oriented, group oriented, pressured, and con-
formist (Howe & Strauss, 2003). They tend to be selfish, impatient, inconsiderate, hedonistic,
and crave for immediate rewards and praise (Alexander & Sysko, 2011; Na'Desh, 2008). In
school, they are considered multi-task oriented, graphically oriented, lack communication skills,
expect immediacy, and don't respond well to lecture (Feiertag & Berge, 2008).
Perhaps, the changing political, social and economic climate and technological advance-
ment are changing the behavior of millennials. Consequently, millennial adolescents become
more vulnerable to mental health problems. Their uniqueness may bring an adjustment to educa-
tional and work environments. More importantly, they are the emerging workforce and will be-
come the largest living generation (Fry, 2015).
Present Study
The relevance of present study in promoting mental health in nonclinical population (e.g.
college student) is equally important with a clinical population (e.g. cancer patients, patients with
depression and suicidal tendency, etc.). The review of the related literature provided insights to
the researchers on the psychological constructs that relate to the high rates of depression and sui-
cide –related outcomes among adolescents which include social support, self-esteem, and big
five personality traits.
4. We assumed that the changes on millennial adolescents brought by political, social and
economic and technological advancement will make them more vulnerable to mental health
problems. In addition, the review found out that hope plays a vital role in the prevention of de-
pression and suicide.
This study aimed to explore the potential network of constructs (social support, self- es-
teem, and big-five personality traits) which are helpful on nurturing hope trait including the ap-
plicability of these constructs on Filipino context.
The present study has two main goals;
(1) Describe perceived social support, self-esteem, personality traits, and hope of Filipino mil-
lennial college students based on their scale scores;
(2) Determine which among the identified variables (social support, self-esteem, and big five
personality traits) predicts hope among the Filipino college millennial sample.
2. Method
Participants
Participants were 194 undergraduate psychology students, aged 15 to 25 years (M = 18.69; SD =
2.68) currently enrolled from the public and private colleges and universities in Metro Manila
during the time of the survey. The respondents were the first year (n = 8), second year (n = 122),
third year (n = 26) and fourth year (n = 20) college students.
Measures
Self Esteem
The 10-item Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (Rosenberg, 1965) was used to measure the
respondent's global sense of personal worth using a scale from 1 ‘strongly disagree' to 4 ‘strongly
agree' with Cronbach α = 0.74 on the present study.
Social Support
The 12-item Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (Zimet, Dahlem, Zimet,
& Farley, 1988; Zimet, Powell, Farley, Werkman, & Berkoff, 1990) was used to measure three
sources of support, such as family, friends, and significant other using a scale from 1 ‘strongly
disagree' to 7 ‘strongly agree' with Cronbach α = 0.95 on the present study. Specifically, signifi-
cant others with Cronbach α = 0.90, family with Cronbach α = 0.92 and friends with Cronbach α
= 0.94.
Big Five Personality traits
The Ten Item Personality Inventory (TIPI) (Gosling, Rentfrow, & Swann, 2003) was used
to measure the big five personality model such as extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness,
emotional stability, and openness to experience (5 item –positive statement; 5 item – negative
statement) using a scale of 1 ‘strongly disagree' to 7 ‘strongly agree'.
5. Hope
The 12 item Adult Hope Scale (Snyder et al., 1991) was used to measure cognitive model
of hope specifically, (1) agency (4 items) e.g. goal-directed energy and (2) pathways (4 items)
e.g. planning to accomplish goals with fillers (4 items) using Likert scale ranging from 1 ‘defi-
nitely false' and 8 ‘definitely true' with Cronbach α = 0.88 for the present study.
Procedures
The instruments were administered through the use of an online survey. The participants
were informed about the purpose and goal of research and the confidentiality of data.
Data Analysis
We used SPSS version 21.0 at p <.05 to analyze the data. Demographic and inferential
analysis methods were frequency, Shapiro Wilk test, reliability, correlation analysis, and stepwise
multiple regressions.
Results
The basic statistics for the various scales are summarized in Table 1. The three scales
such as Adult Hope Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and Multidimensional Scale of Per-
ceived Social Support had adequate internal consistency statistics except for the personality
traits. The researchers didn't include coefficient alpha for the Big Five Inventory because it is
almost impossible to get high alpha value and good fit indices in instruments like TIPI, which are
designed to measure very broad domains with only two items per dimension and using items at
both the positive and negative poles. For this reason, some researchers have pointed out that al-
phas are misleading when calculated on scales with small numbers of items (Kline, 2000; Woods
& Hampson, 2005).
Findings showed most of the respondents have high level of hope (M = 50.92; SD =
8.26), perceived high level of social support specifically, significant others, M = 22.32; SD =
5.52, family, M = 20.59; SD = 5.96, friends, M = 21.89; SD = 5.81 while self-esteem (M =
25.52; SD = 1.84) with an average level. Also between personality dimension, respondents have
average level on extraversion (M = 8.35; SD = 1.34) and openness to experience (M = 8.04; SD
= 1.47) while low level on emotional stability (M = 6.64; SD = 1.74), agreeableness (M = 6.98;
SD = 1.60) and conscientiousness (M = 7.48; SD = 1.69).
Table 1 shows the correlational matrix between independent and dependent variables, so-
cial support specifically significant others (r = 0.35), family (r = 0.30) and friends (r = 0.28) were
positively related to hope while self-esteem (r = -0.18) was negatively associated with hope. No
significant relationship was observed between big five factors (extraversion, agreeableness, con-
scientiousness, emotional stability and openness to experience) and hope.
6. Table 1.
Mean, standard deviations, coefficient correlations between variables and cronbach alpha
Variables 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1 Hope 1
2 significant others .355** 1
3 Family .307** . 644** 1
4 Friends 282** . 636** .615** 1
5 Self-esteem .189** -0.055 -.150* 0.018 1
6 Extraversion -0.053 0.021 0.052 0.065 -0.01 1
7 Agreeableness -0.011 0.051 0.031 0.045 -0.05 .252** 1
8 Conscientiousness -0.021 0.12 0.037 .156* -0.021 .269** .299** 1
9 emotional stability -0.086 0.083 0.048 0.078 -0.034 .171* .465** .395** 1
10 openness to
experience -0.086 -0.018 -0.013 0.028 -0.036 .265** .366** .245** .326** 1
M 50.92 22.34 20.59 21.89 25.52 8.35 6.98
SD 8.26 5.52 5.96 5.81 1.83 1.33 1.6 1.69 1.73 1.47
Cronbach 0.88 0.74 0.92 0.94 0.90 - - - - -
_____________________________________________________________________________
Note: p <0.01**, p <0.05*
To further examine the relationship between social support, self-esteem, personality traits and
hope, a stepwise multiple regression analysis was conducted. Hope was entered as the dependent
variable and social support, self-esteem and big five personality traits were entered as potential
predictors. Using stepwise model, it has been observed in the last step out of 9 independent vari-
ables, significant others and self-esteem were able to explain 39.30% of the variance in hope. On
the first step, the variable of significant others are positively and significantly predicted 35.50%
of hope F(1,194) = 27.62, p <.001. So that each of standard deviation change in significant oth-
ers is associated with β = 0.35 followed by a change in the variable of hope (t = 5.26, p < 0.01).
Table 2.
Summary of multiple regression analysis for the Social Support, Self Esteem and the Big
Five personality traits predicting hope
_________________________________________________________________________
Standardized Standard Coefficients
Standard Adjusted
Variables B Error Beta t R2 R2 F value
First step
1 significant others 0.53 0.10 0.35** 5.26 35.50 34.00 27.62
second step
7. 1 significant others 0.52 0.10 0.35** 5.18 39.30 37.00 17.48
2 Self- esteem -0.77 0.30 -0.17** -2.56
Note: p <0.01**, p <0.05*
Discussions
The primary aimed of the study was to explore social support, self-esteem and personality
traits as predictors of hope among psychology undergraduate students in Manila, Philippines.
This study was unique for it involved a public and private Higher Education Institution (HEI)
which comprises of varied socioeconomic status. According to (Park, Peterson, & Seligman,
2004), hopeful individuals tend to have a positive view of the future. These view and beliefs al-
low them to have a positive outlook about one's self that would aid in the increase of their moti-
vation (agency) and lead to culminate activities and means (pathways) that are directed towards
actively pursuing personal goals (Hartley et al., 2008). Hence, Filipino millennial psychology
students have strong willed and believe they can succeed despite the hardship they are facing, for
example, student living in a depressed community, parents working abroad, broken families, and
financial difficulties. Filipinos are known for the trait of ‘matiisin' and believe that problems and
challenges are just temporary blockages on achieving their goal.
The study also found the relationship between the predictors; social support and self-es-
teem and the dependent variable hope. Results of bivariate correlation analysis showed that fami-
ly, friends, and significant others have a significant relationship with hope. This indicates that
those who have high social support from family, friends, and significant others tend to have high
levels of hope. This is consistent with the findings of (Foote et al., 1990; Gibson, 1999) who
found the significant correlation between hope and social support. For self-esteem, it is found out
that hope is correlated with self- esteem. The present study confirmed the significant findings of
(Frieson & Frieson, 1996b; Parvan et al., 2015) that hope was strongly correlated with self-es-
teem. However, the present study did not observe any relationship between five big personality
traits and hope unlike with the previous findings of (Halama, 2010) that successful in predicting
hope and ability to predict increases about 3.70% F(2,194) = 17.48, p < 0.01 beta coefficient of
agreement inversely and significantly engaged to predict hope (t = -2.56, p < 0.05). According to
the last step, every deviation that changes in self-esteem with -0.17 was associated with changes
in hope (t = 5.18; p <0.01). hope acts as a partial mediator between neuroticism, conscientious-
ness and life satisfaction. The lack of validity of a ten-item personality test is the possible reason
for not being able to show that big five personality traits do not predict hope.
Furthermore, the study also provided that significant others and self-esteem were signifi-
cant predictors of hope. Scholars like (Greenberger, Chen, Tally, & Dong, 2000) mentioned that
emotional support from significant adults, health care provider etc. enhance well-being. In our
case, significant others were positively connected with hope. One possible explanation is that the
Filipino millennial college students become hopeful because of the strong emotional support
(e.g. encouragement and positive affirmation) of significant others probably their teachers or sig-
nificant adults (e.g. family relatives and or family friend –successful in their career). These peo-
8. ple guide and motivate the Filipino millennial college students realize their goal and strive to
achieve their goal.
Interestingly, self-esteem was regarded as an important aspect of one's social and cogni-
tive development (Berndt, 2002; Pulkkinen, Nygren, & Kokko, 2002). Like hope trait, self-es-
teem helps individual adjust to adversity (Umaña-Taylor & Updegraff, 2007). Self-esteem was
found positively correlated with hope (Parvan et al., 2015) however, the present study showed an
inverse relationship between self-esteem and hope. The present findings suggest that as the col-
lege student self-esteem increases the lower their hope trait and a decrease on self-esteem result-
ed on increasing hope trait. One possible explanation, our student samples are adolescents and at
the stage of understanding their self-identity including skills and abilities. There are Filipino mil-
lennial college students who do not realize their full potential and feel incompetent despite hav-
ing high hope trait.
Recommendations
Taken together, this study is valuable in providing an understanding the factors leading to
positive well-being which is the hope among Filipino millennial psychology students. This con-
firms the applicability of hope scale in student samples and provides validity evidence for other
predictor variables. However, this study is an attempt to explore well-being of millennial college
students. One productive avenue for future research is to explore other constructs that predict
hope trait (such as resilience, relationship harmony, faith, spirituality, etc.). The use of a more
validated personality traits instrument should be considered for future research. Furthermore, the
use of another methodological approach (e.g. mixed methods) to provide meaningful results is
further encouraged.
Social support and self-esteem emerged as useful constructs for nurturing hope. These
constructs will be useful for development of an effective strength-based program for the higher
education institution.
Limitation of the Study
The current research has several limitations; one of these is that it only focused on millennial un-
dergraduate psychology students. All variables were assessed thru survey questionnaire and con-
venience sample. Furthermore, with a University student sample, one could not generalize for
other generations and other age groups, considering the differences between the work values and
experience.
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