This literature review explores adolescent suicide and alienation. Suicide is the third leading cause of death for those aged 15-24 and is often preceded by mental disorders like depression. Risk factors include a family history of suicide, substance abuse, damaged parent-child relationships, bullying, and social isolation. Protective factors include strong family support and problem-solving skills. While interventions aim to improve coping skills and screening, barriers include stigma and lack of coordination between mental health and other services. Further research is still needed to better understand demographic and cultural influences and determine the most effective prevention strategies, especially improving family connectedness.
"Bullying as a Public Health Issue"
A presentation by Amanda Nickerson, Ph.D., Director of the Alberti Center for Bullying Abuse Prevention
March 5, 2012
Professor Huw Williams, Associate Professor of Clinical Neuropsychology and Co-Director of the Centre for Clinical Neuropsychology Research. Professor William’s research includes the prevalence of traumatic brain injury in incarcerated youth.
Speaking at Beyond Youth Custody's conference: Childhood trauma and young people in the criminal justice system, 19 November 2013.
Evaluating Female Experiences of Electronic Dating Violence in Jordan: Motiva...Rula alsawalqa
Gender stereotypes can influence electronic dating violence (EDV) because the victims’ experiences with abusers depict crucial social mechanisms concerning relational dependency and unequal power relations between men and women, making it difficult for women to resist, report, or escape cyber abuse. In the Arab context, cyber abuse in romantic relationships has not been sufficiently examined. This study investigated female experiences of EDV through a qualitative exploratory descriptive approach. Participants experienced several short- and long-term negative psychological and emotional behavioral responses. Our findings validate that EDV heightened the probability of intimate partner violence definitively via psychological, emotional, verbal, and physical abuse. Their resistance strategies differed according to the extent and nature of the abuse. None of the participants sought help from family due to fear of being killed or forced out of university, and realizing that they would continue to experience multiple forms of abuse. Rather, they either sought help from female professors at the university or paid the abuser to be left alone. Further, they engaged in protective behaviors to block their abusive partner’s access to them, consulted an Information Technology expert, and secretly requested assistance from the police. Preference for controlling and dominant roles, gaining monetary benefits, sexual exploitation, peer pressure, and revenge and anger due to abandonment were the leading motivations for abuse. Female students in their first year of university, those who lived in a disjointed family environment, or those who suffered abuse from their families were particularly susceptible to being victimized. Moreover, passwords shared with others or accounts left open on others’ devices also enabled EDV. Hence, universities must conduct awareness sessions, for female students, on how to manage emotions and safe communication on social media and build healthy friendships and relationships. Curricula, seminars, workshops, and courses in the Jordanian educational sector should include programs and interventions that challenge perceived gender norms. These results have significant practical and clinical implications that help understand EDV in a poorly understood context and provide the groundwork for further research on the EDV problem in Jordan, addressing a lacuna in the literature on violence against Jordanian women.
Social anxiety is the most common anxiety disorder and it affects individuals’ life very
profoundly. Recent findings have suggested that both parental attitudes and hopelessness are potential
vulnerability and maintenance factors for the development of social anxiety symptoms. Therefore, the aims of
the current study were to examine whether social anxiety, perceived parental attitudes and hopelessness differ
in male and female adolescents in order to identify predictors of social anxiety in Turkish adolescents. Hence,
the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, the short form of EgnaMinnenBeträffandeUppfostran Scale (short-EMBU),
and Hopelessness Scale were administered to 756 adolescents. Consistent with other findings, we could show
that females experienced more social anxiety, perceived more emotional warmth and more overprotection from
mother and mother than males. The results of a regression analysis for the whole sample revealed that being
female, greater the number of sibling, older grades, low mother education, perceived rejection from mother and
hopelessness are significant predictors of social anxiety. Finally, social anxiety was predicted by different
variables for females, (class level, mother education, mother rejection, hopelessness) and males (number of
sibling, hopelessness). Therefore, clinicians should consider these differences in their interventions.
Examining the role of parental factors on depression amongUrBetseyCalderon89
Examining the role of parental factors on depression among
Urban African American youth living in public housing
Anthony T. Estreet a,b, Dawn Thurmana, Sapphire Goodmana,b, M. Taqi Tirmazia,b,
Takisha J. Cartera, and Von Nebbittc
aSchool of Social Work, Morgan State University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; bHealth & Addiction Research
Training Lab, Morgan State University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; cGeorge Warren Brown School of Social
Work, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
ABSTRACT
This study examined the potential risk and protective parental factors
associated with depression among African American youth living in
public housing. Utilizing a community-based participatory research
approach, 239 African-American youth surveys were collected during
2013–2014 in two urban public housing developments with low
socioeconomic profiles. Over half (52.3%) of the sample was in high
school and female (58%). 65.3% reported living with their mother
while 38% reported being employed. Bivariate analysis revealed sig-
nificant correlations between depression and maternal substance
abuse, paternal monitoring, parent-child relationship, and family
time. Results from the regression analyses indicated that higher
depression scores were significantly associated with youth who
reported poor parent-child relationships, low levels of paternal super-
vision and high levels of maternal drug abuse. These findings provide
support for claims about the importance of parent-child relationship
and paternal monitoring as a protective factor for depressive symp-
toms, particularly during adolescence. Moreover, findings suggest
that interventions which are targeted towards urban African
American youth should address parental factors as a pathway to
decrease depression among this population.
KEYWORDS
Depression; risk factors;
protective factors; African
American; youth
Introduction
Depression among African Americans youth is a major public health concern that has
been linked to substance use, heightened sex-risk and suicidal behaviors (i.e., ideation and
attempts) (Breland-Noble, Burriss, & Poole, 2010; Okwumabua, Okwumabua, & Wong,
2014). Although there has been a slight increase in focus on depression among African
American youth over the last decade, this group remains understudied in mental health
research (Matlin, Molock, & Tebes, 2011). Evidence suggests that parents and family play
a critical role in the lives of their adolescent and emerging adult children (Lindsey, Joe, &
Nebbitt, 2010). It is reasonable to postulate, therefore, that parental factors are related to
the emotional well-being of urban African American youth. Using a sample of 239 African
American youth living in urban public housing, this paper contributes to the gap in
CONTACT Anthony T. Estreet [email protected] School of Social Work, Morgan State University, 1700
East Cold Spring Lane, Baltimore, MD 21251, USA.
JOURNAL OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR IN THE SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT
2018, ...
"Bullying as a Public Health Issue"
A presentation by Amanda Nickerson, Ph.D., Director of the Alberti Center for Bullying Abuse Prevention
March 5, 2012
Professor Huw Williams, Associate Professor of Clinical Neuropsychology and Co-Director of the Centre for Clinical Neuropsychology Research. Professor William’s research includes the prevalence of traumatic brain injury in incarcerated youth.
Speaking at Beyond Youth Custody's conference: Childhood trauma and young people in the criminal justice system, 19 November 2013.
Evaluating Female Experiences of Electronic Dating Violence in Jordan: Motiva...Rula alsawalqa
Gender stereotypes can influence electronic dating violence (EDV) because the victims’ experiences with abusers depict crucial social mechanisms concerning relational dependency and unequal power relations between men and women, making it difficult for women to resist, report, or escape cyber abuse. In the Arab context, cyber abuse in romantic relationships has not been sufficiently examined. This study investigated female experiences of EDV through a qualitative exploratory descriptive approach. Participants experienced several short- and long-term negative psychological and emotional behavioral responses. Our findings validate that EDV heightened the probability of intimate partner violence definitively via psychological, emotional, verbal, and physical abuse. Their resistance strategies differed according to the extent and nature of the abuse. None of the participants sought help from family due to fear of being killed or forced out of university, and realizing that they would continue to experience multiple forms of abuse. Rather, they either sought help from female professors at the university or paid the abuser to be left alone. Further, they engaged in protective behaviors to block their abusive partner’s access to them, consulted an Information Technology expert, and secretly requested assistance from the police. Preference for controlling and dominant roles, gaining monetary benefits, sexual exploitation, peer pressure, and revenge and anger due to abandonment were the leading motivations for abuse. Female students in their first year of university, those who lived in a disjointed family environment, or those who suffered abuse from their families were particularly susceptible to being victimized. Moreover, passwords shared with others or accounts left open on others’ devices also enabled EDV. Hence, universities must conduct awareness sessions, for female students, on how to manage emotions and safe communication on social media and build healthy friendships and relationships. Curricula, seminars, workshops, and courses in the Jordanian educational sector should include programs and interventions that challenge perceived gender norms. These results have significant practical and clinical implications that help understand EDV in a poorly understood context and provide the groundwork for further research on the EDV problem in Jordan, addressing a lacuna in the literature on violence against Jordanian women.
Social anxiety is the most common anxiety disorder and it affects individuals’ life very
profoundly. Recent findings have suggested that both parental attitudes and hopelessness are potential
vulnerability and maintenance factors for the development of social anxiety symptoms. Therefore, the aims of
the current study were to examine whether social anxiety, perceived parental attitudes and hopelessness differ
in male and female adolescents in order to identify predictors of social anxiety in Turkish adolescents. Hence,
the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, the short form of EgnaMinnenBeträffandeUppfostran Scale (short-EMBU),
and Hopelessness Scale were administered to 756 adolescents. Consistent with other findings, we could show
that females experienced more social anxiety, perceived more emotional warmth and more overprotection from
mother and mother than males. The results of a regression analysis for the whole sample revealed that being
female, greater the number of sibling, older grades, low mother education, perceived rejection from mother and
hopelessness are significant predictors of social anxiety. Finally, social anxiety was predicted by different
variables for females, (class level, mother education, mother rejection, hopelessness) and males (number of
sibling, hopelessness). Therefore, clinicians should consider these differences in their interventions.
Examining the role of parental factors on depression amongUrBetseyCalderon89
Examining the role of parental factors on depression among
Urban African American youth living in public housing
Anthony T. Estreet a,b, Dawn Thurmana, Sapphire Goodmana,b, M. Taqi Tirmazia,b,
Takisha J. Cartera, and Von Nebbittc
aSchool of Social Work, Morgan State University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; bHealth & Addiction Research
Training Lab, Morgan State University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; cGeorge Warren Brown School of Social
Work, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
ABSTRACT
This study examined the potential risk and protective parental factors
associated with depression among African American youth living in
public housing. Utilizing a community-based participatory research
approach, 239 African-American youth surveys were collected during
2013–2014 in two urban public housing developments with low
socioeconomic profiles. Over half (52.3%) of the sample was in high
school and female (58%). 65.3% reported living with their mother
while 38% reported being employed. Bivariate analysis revealed sig-
nificant correlations between depression and maternal substance
abuse, paternal monitoring, parent-child relationship, and family
time. Results from the regression analyses indicated that higher
depression scores were significantly associated with youth who
reported poor parent-child relationships, low levels of paternal super-
vision and high levels of maternal drug abuse. These findings provide
support for claims about the importance of parent-child relationship
and paternal monitoring as a protective factor for depressive symp-
toms, particularly during adolescence. Moreover, findings suggest
that interventions which are targeted towards urban African
American youth should address parental factors as a pathway to
decrease depression among this population.
KEYWORDS
Depression; risk factors;
protective factors; African
American; youth
Introduction
Depression among African Americans youth is a major public health concern that has
been linked to substance use, heightened sex-risk and suicidal behaviors (i.e., ideation and
attempts) (Breland-Noble, Burriss, & Poole, 2010; Okwumabua, Okwumabua, & Wong,
2014). Although there has been a slight increase in focus on depression among African
American youth over the last decade, this group remains understudied in mental health
research (Matlin, Molock, & Tebes, 2011). Evidence suggests that parents and family play
a critical role in the lives of their adolescent and emerging adult children (Lindsey, Joe, &
Nebbitt, 2010). It is reasonable to postulate, therefore, that parental factors are related to
the emotional well-being of urban African American youth. Using a sample of 239 African
American youth living in urban public housing, this paper contributes to the gap in
CONTACT Anthony T. Estreet [email protected] School of Social Work, Morgan State University, 1700
East Cold Spring Lane, Baltimore, MD 21251, USA.
JOURNAL OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR IN THE SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT
2018, ...
1Running Head FINAL PROPOSAL CHILD ABUSE AND ADULT MENTAL HEAL.docxdrennanmicah
1
Running Head: FINAL PROPOSAL: CHILD ABUSE AND ADULT MENTAL HEALTH
2
FINAL PROPOSAL: CHILD ABUSE AND ADULT MENTAL HEALTH
Diamond Newton
Southern New Hampshire University
March 3, 2019
Problem Statement
Several adults struggle from a variety of mental health issues (suicidal thoughts and tendencies, alcoholism, depression, and drug abusers.) A lot of those issues may stem from what took place during an adult’s childhood that stem from a variety of reasons. Some adults seek help and some refuse to seek help. The adults who do seek help come to realize that their current issues stem from when they were a child and still developing as a human. Child abuse can come in many forms, physical, mental, and sexual. Adults who have been exposed or experienced this are likely to suffer from some form of mental health issue. It is important to figure out the root of mental health issues in adults so the root can be addressed. Children need to be in a healthy environment with nothing short of love and care. Exposing children to a harsh reality is only breeding them into an adult who suffers from mental health issues.
Literature Review
The study of psychology helps researchers to understand better what is going on with a person. Researchers studied what happened in a person's life that causes them to make the decisions they do and behave in a certain way. Adults have this stigmatism that they can do whatever they want because they are "grown." Many adults suffer from something that can cause to lead towards suicidal thoughts and tendencies, alcoholism, depression, and drug abusers. A lot of those issues may stem from what took place during an adult’s childhood. There could be some reasons adults tend to display certain mental health traits that have been studied in many different forms by researchers. What we will be reviewed is the abuse, physical or mental, that an adult endured as a child and how it affects them in their adulthood.
Blanco, C., Grant, B. F., Hasin, D. S., Lin, K. H., Olfson, M. Sugaya, L. (2012) recognized that child physical abuse had been associated with an increased risk of suicide attempts. The study conducted included Blacks, Hispanics and young adults between the ages of 18-24 in 2001-2002 and 2004-2005. In person, interviews were conducted in Wave 1. In Wave 2 used similar methods as Wave 1 but it excluded the individuals who were not eligible. Wave 2 also interviews went into depth about the questions asked for the participants first 17 years of life. There are many other variables that have been added to the data that relate to childhood physical abuse and mental health distress in adult years. Those other adversatives included the history of child sexual abuse and neglect, parental psychopathology, and perceived parental support, described as emotional neglect.
The advantages to this design would be the inclusion of other childhood adversities that could contribute to adult psychiatri.
Impact of Suicide on People Exposed to a FatalityFranklin Cook
"Impact of Suicide on People Exposed to a Fatality" is excerpted and adapted from Responding to Grief, Trauma, and Distress After a Suicide: U.S. National Guidelines (2015), by the Survivors of Suicide Loss Task Force (bit.ly/sosl-taskforce) of the National Action Alliance for Suicide Prevention. The original document is available free for download at bit.ly/respondingsuicide.
This summary report concludes that:
The research delineated above represents the solid and growing body of evidence that, for a significant number of people exposed to the suicide fatality or attempt of another person, there are long-term, harmful mental health consequences. Shneidman’s declaration (1972) that postvention is prevention for the next generation is unquestionably supported by clear and overwhelming evidence that exposure to the suicide of another person, particularly of a close intimate, elevates the risk of suicidal behavior and of death by suicide in the population of people exposed.
The Grief After Suicide blog post related to this essay is http://bit.ly/impactessay.
Running head: RESEARCH PROPOSAL1
RESEARCH PROPOSAL5
Research Proposal
Jamie Bass
Composition II Comment by Spencer Ellsworth: Actually Comment by Jamie Bass:
ENG102 A02
Instructor: Ellsworth
February 16, 2016
WORKING THESIS
Suicide has negatively affected the society, and unless there are mitigation strategies to curb this menace, it will continue to take the lives of many people in the society.Comment by Spencer Ellsworth: This is a good subject, but the thesis needs a little work. “Mitigation” is really generalized. Maybe more like “early intervention and general support are needed to help
EXPLANATION
Suicide is the act of human beings voluntarily taking their lives. Research has shown that it has always been caused by a sense of despair or hopelessness. All these issues may be induced by mental illness which may include Bipolar disorder or even depression. Suicide has been traumatizing and shameful to the bereaved families and many people in the society have always viewed it as a cowardice cowardly way of taking one’s life. Many suicidal persons have been haunted by their thoughts. I in many cases this is depicted as a very personal process (Goldsmith, Pellmar, Kleinman & Bunney, 2002).Comment by Spencer Ellsworh: Citations for this. Also, maybe consider that it is often an outgrowth of chronic disease or chronic pain.
In this paper, it is very much possible to look at what suicide is and the risk factors associated with suicide. It is also recommended in the research paper to dwell on mental disorder and substance abuse as risk factors that contribute to suicide as well as medical conditions and psychosocial states. The media and how it depicts suicide is also very important to research on as well as the rational suicide is a controversial statement in this topic. We will have the chance to look at the suicide methods and pathophysiology which is very important to note. After all these, prevention will be a key topic to note which involves screening for mental illness. It will also be possible to research on epidemiology, social and culture based on legislation and religious views and all about philosophy, advocacy, locations and some notable cases of suicide.Comment by Spencer Ellsworh: Fairly awkward sentence.Comment by Spencer Ellsworh: To make a good argumentation paper, you’ll have to focus on where intervention is failing right now, and how intervention can work more effectively. It’ll make for a great paper, but it’ll involve some legwork with current practices and funding of mental health intervention by federal and state governments.
SUB POINTS
Many people in the society are very much scared of taking away their lives and they are actually left to wonder how one can voluntarily manage to be suicidal. Some may be caused by illnesses with some visible symptoms and various ways to mitigate this act is by careful observation of these people. People in high risk of committing suicide often have mood disorders and .
Perception of Child Abuse 2COLLEGE STUDENTS’ AND PROFESSIO.docxherbertwilson5999
Perception of Child Abuse 2
COLLEGE STUDENTS’ AND PROFESSIONALS’ PERCEPTION OF CHILD ABUSE IN CORRELATION TO STRESS
Introduction
Throughout the growth and development of society, child abuse and maltreatment has expanded into many different aspects; it occurs within socioeconomic levels, ethnic and cultural lines, all religions and all levels of education. Within the United States children are suffering from a hidden epidemic of child abuse and neglect. Every year 3.3 million reports of child abuse are made in the United States involving nearly 6 million children (a report can include multiple children). The United States has the worst record in the industrialized nation – losing five children every day due to abuse-related deaths (U.S. Department of HHS, 2011). The estimated cost of child abuse and neglect in the United States for 2008 is $124 billion (Fang, 2012). The Department of Children and Families (DCF) defines child maltreatment as any act or series of acts of commission or omission by a parent, guardian, or other caregiver that results in harm, potential for harm, or threat of harm to a child (Leeb, Paulozzi, Melanson, Simon, & Arias, 2008). There are four major categories of childhood abuse and maltreatment: physical abuse, psychological and emotional abuse, sexual abuse, and neglect (Goldman, Salus, Wolcott, & Kennedy, 2003).
According to Brian H. Bornstein, Debra L. Kaplan, and Andrea R. Perry (2007), people have stereotypes about the circumstances and consequences of child abuse, and these expectancies can influence their judgments about individuals involved in abuse cases. Heim (2000) reported that participants with a history of abuse experience greater levels of perceived stress than participants without a history of abuse. They often perceive daily stressors more severely and longer in duration than their counterparts. It is also suggested that their history of abuse compromises these participants’ abilities to cope with stress, but the researchers noted that the data from their study is inconclusive, making it difficult for them to either support or refute this claim.
The perception of child abuse is very influential to students and upcoming professionals. Society’s definition and perception will guide current social work students into practice, which is a very important factor within the professional realm of social work.
Research Question
The purpose of this study is to examine college students and professionals’ perception of child abuse and how it relates to stress. The independent variable is the college students and professionals’ perception of child abuse and the dependent variable is how it relates to stress. The operational definition of perception remains closely allied to the continually developing behavioral theory of discrimination (Schoenfeld, 1962). The operational definition of child abuse is as any act or series of acts of commission or omission by a parent, guardian, or other caregiver that results.
Abuse and mistreatment in the adolescent period - by Dr. Bozzi Domenico (Mast...dott. Domenico Bozzi
UNICEF has highlighted how children suffer violence throughout all stages of childhood and adolescence, in different contexts, and often at the hands of people they trust and interact with on a daily basis.
Violent corporal punishment, 300 million children between 2 and 4 years old in the world regularly suffer violence from their family/guardians (about 3 out of 4), 250 million of these are punished physically (about 6 out of 10).
Sexual violence, Sexual violence occurs against children of all ages: 15 million girls aged 15 to 19 have experienced incidents of sexual violence in their lives, and 2.5 million young women in 28 European countries report having suffered episodes of sexual violence before the age of 15.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
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Psy492 Bossenmaier S Power Point
1. Literature Review Adolescent Suicide and Alienation By Sunny Bossenmaier
2. The objective of this review is to explore the current complications ofadolescent suicide, and to introduce the importance of alienation and parental relationships in intervention and prevention strategies.
3. Suicide in adolescence is not just defined by its finality of life; it is characterized by years of mental anguish and suffering that is prolonged, intense, and unmanageable.
4. The death leaves the family members, friends, and loved ones trying to make sense of what appears to them to be a senseless act, and to deal with their own feelings of loss, guilt, and shame without answers.
5.
6. Risks Personal characteristicsinclude: mental disorders . a history of a prior suicide attempt . substance abuse personality factors . cognitive factors
16. Socio-environmental factors include Peer relationships . Dropping out of school . Unemployment . Media Impact Socio-economic status . Availability of lethal means . Social isolation Barriers with mental health treatment (Joiner & Ribeiro, 2005)
17. Protective Factors family unity . community and social support . problem solving and conflict resolution skills cultural or religious beliefs . self-esteem . self-awareness . availability of a caring adult effective clinical interventions (Joiner & Ribeiro, 2005)
18.
19. Research is needed to compare individual coping styles andthe relationship to amending risk factors.
20.
21. Further empirical data is necessary in more universal situations, to make specific claims with the data collected (De Man, 1999; Kakhnovets, Young,Purnell, Huebner, & Bishop, 2010; Taylor et al., 2011). (Jiang, Perry, Hesser, 2010; Kaminski, Paddy, Hall, Cashman, Crosby, Ortega, 2009)
22. Interventions School programs .Problem solving / coping skills . Trainings and screening programs. Emotional problems / family disruption support . Fire arm restriction . Media influence training (Kakhnovets, Young,Purnell, Huebner, & Bishop, 2010 )
23. Barriers to Effective Interventions Stigma of mental illness and suicide . Financial barriers .Mental health system barriers Fragmented services in rural areas . School-based programs lack communication with support agencies. Lack of attention to the importance of family to the suicide prevention process (Jiang, Perry, Hesser, 2010; Kaminski, Puddy, Hall, Cashman, Crosby, Ortega, 2009)
24.
25. Lack of demographic variation does not allow generalizing over populations(De Man, 1999; Kakhnovets, Young,Purnell, Huebner, & Bishop, 2010; Taylor et al., 2011)
26. Strengths and Limitations Continued Researchfrom retrospect information Datacan not be generalized over both populations Not enough research to what degree of effectrisk factors have on the event Questions to how effective prevention interventions are due to risk factor influence (Joiner & Ribeiro, 2005)
29. Which precise facet of school environment might bemost likely or most unlikely to prevent the development of suicidal behavior or impact the issue (Jiang, Perry, Hesser, 2010; Kaminski, Puddy, Hall, Cashman, Crosby, Ortega, 2009)
30.
31. Whether thoughts and behaviors related to suicide cause adolescents to become less socially connected
32. Need to see what biological differences there are between people who commit lethal suicide and those who are unsuccessful, and the relationship to alienation Mazza, Flemming, Abbott, Haggerty, & Catalano, 2010) (Joiner & Ribeiro, 2005)
33.
34. The rate of deaths in children and young adults due to suicide will continue to grow as more lethal means for attempts are more accessible and the factor of alienation within families continues to skyrocket in our country. (CDC, 2011)
35.
36.
37. References Blake, J. J., Kim, E. S., McCormick, A.L., & Hayes, D., (2011). The dimensionality of social victimization: A preliminary investigation. School Psychology Quarterly, 26 (1), 56-69.
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This literature review will describe several aspects of adolescent suicide including (1) risk factors, (2) protective factors, (3) barriers to effective interventions, (4) methodologies, (5) and the limitations and further research needed as it pertains to the factor of alienation in suicide. The significance and objective of this review is to explore the current dilemmas and complications to addressing adolescent suicide, and to introduce the importance of substantiating the relevance of alienation and parental relationships in intervention and prevention strategies.
Suicide in adolescence is not just defined by its finality of life; it is characterized by years of mental anguish and suffering that is prolonged, intense, and unmanageable. There are no palliative measures available that appears to ease the acute and often times inexpressible pain and suffering that is often endured in private silence.
The death process that is chosen by these children to relieve their suffering is as unbearable to the survivors as the life process was to the adolescent committing it. The death leaves the family members, friends, and loved ones trying to make sense of what appears to them to be a senseless act, and to deal with their own feelings of loss, guilt, and shame without answers.
Nationally, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2011) suicide is the third leading cause of death in fifteen to twenty-four year olds, these rates have tripled since 1970 (CDC, 2011). Ninety percent of those that die by suicide have been diagnosed with some form of mental disorder including depression (CDC, 2011).
Personal characteristicsinclude: mental disorders, most commonly depressive and anxiety disorders; a history of a prior suicide attempt; and substance abuse; personality factors such as aggression, lying, defiance, shyness, and emotional reticence; cognitive factors such as poor problem-solving ability
biological factors such as abnormalities in serotonin function and attachment disorders; demographic factors such as gender, males are four times more likely to die from suicide then females; race issues, whites, Native American, and Alaskan Natives are the most at risk ethnicities to be affected by suicide; and sexual orientation (CDC, 2011).
Family related factors include: History within the family of suicidal behavior; higher rates of generational depression and substance abuse within the family; family disruption or separation, and damaged parent-child relationships (Joiner & Ribeiro, 2005).
Adverse life situations include: Stressful life events, including personal losses such as romantic and interpersonal relationships; bullying; legal or behavior problems; and childhood trauma, especially physical, mental, or sexual abuse (Joiner & Ribeiro, 2005).
Socio-environmental factors include: Peer relationships; dropping out of school; not working; impact of the media hype about the perception of copycat suicide; socio-economic status; availability of lethal means; social isolation; and barriers with mental health treatment (Joiner & Ribeiro, 2005). Of all of these risk factors, there are only three that can be linked through research, to independently operate and effect the other factors and these are mental disorders; family trauma and alienation; and history of a prior suicide attempt (Kakhnovets, Young,Purnell, Huebner, & Bishop, 2010).
Protective Factors Several protective factorshave also been identified which are basically the opposite effects of the above risk factors, they include: family unity; community and social support; problem solving and conflict resolution skills; cultural or religious beliefs especially those that discourage suicide behavior or support and value life; self-esteem; self-awareness of direction and purpose; availability of a caring adult, both within the family and in relation to the school environment; and effective clinical interventions and support for mental, physical or substance use disorders (Joiner & Ribeiro, 2005).
Methodology and Findings One common theme of methodology concerns in the articles reviewed was that many had sample variation limits and thus the ability to generalize to other situations was compromised. With the current research, additional research is also needed to compare individual coping styles and other individual strengths and what relationship they have to amending risk factors. Although an increasingly large number of empirical studies have been published concerning social factors and adolescent suicide suggesting a strong indication for the importance of social variables to be included in our understanding of suicidal ideation and behavior among adolescents.
The relationship between a number of risk factors and individual strengths may impact different individuals and individual communities at different times in varied and unique ways, these relationship differences must be taken into consideration when attempting to understand which how these factors affect the outcome of suicidal behavior (De Man, 1999; Kakhnovets, Young,Purnell, Huebner, & Bishop, 2010; Taylor et al., 2011). Further empirical data is necessary in more universal situations, in order to make specific claims with the data collected (Jiang, Perry, Hesser, 2010; Kaminski, Puddy, Hall, Cashman, Crosby, Ortega, 2009).
Interventions Interventions need to be diversified and unified to be effective. School programs such as suicide awareness programs, problem solving, and coping skills trainings, along with screening programs, and multisystem support for adolescents with severe emotional problems or family disruption can be effective. Within assorted community programs, it has been noted that the restriction of firearms and trainings that educate the public about media influence show the most promise (Kakhnovets, Young,Purnell, Huebner, & Bishop, 2010 ).
Barriers to Effective Interventions Effective treatment and intervention face a number of identifiable barriers, including stigma of both mental illness and suicide, financial barriers with limited program or insurance coverage of mental health services, and mental health system barriers in limited and fragmented services especially in rural areas. There are barriers in the school system as school-based programs are often times not in adequate communication with mental health services or substance abuse agencies, and do not adequately address the issue of the importance of family to the suicide prevention process (Jiang, Perry, Hesser, 2010; Kaminski, Puddy, Hall, Cashman, Crosby, Ortega, 2009).
Strengths and Limitations of the Studies Research to adolescent suicide has gaps that affect the outcomes of the overall effectiveness of the studies. Literature and research is missing in certain demographic groups in regards to alienation or this information is demographic specific and cannot be generalized over populations, because of this, the difficulty of making concrete conclusions to the issue is compounded shown in (De Man, 1999; Kakhnovets, Young,Purnell, Huebner, & Bishop, 2010; Taylor et al., 2011).
A complication to the research is that much of the evidence is based on studying suicide attempts verses successful suicides, as research gathering with those that complete suicides can only be done from retrospect information, this brings question to whether the data can be generalized over both populations (Blake, Kim, McCormick, & Hayes, 2011). Within the studies of adolescent suicide, there is not enough research as to what degree of effect risk factors have on the event, or on their relationship to how effective prevention interventions are due to their influence (Joiner & Ribeiro, 2005).
Further Research With suicidal behavior being so multi-faceted and complex in its interactive relationship with risk and protective factors, there is a great deal of need for ongoing investigation as to how it is influenced by the aspect of alienation. In addition, more in-depth qualitative research is needed in how geographic, demographic, and cultural aspects affect coping skills (Joiner & Ribeiro, 2005). Future research should also investigate which precise facet of school environment might be most likely or most unlikely to prevent the development of suicidal behavior or impact the issue (Jiang, Perry, Hesser, 2010; Kaminski, Puddy, Hall, Cashman, Crosby, Ortega, 2009).
Questions should be posed such as, can both the connectedness factor and suicidal thoughts and behaviors be influence by another shared variable, or reversely, can thoughts and behaviors related to suicide cause adolescents to become less socially connected. Studies are lacking investigating this reverse influence factor (Joiner & Ribeiro, 2005).