This document provides information about seine nets, which are rectangular nets used to surround and catch schools of fish. It describes the basic components of a seine net, including the netting material, ropes, floats, and sinkers. There are different types of seine nets categorized by their structure, including beach seines, lampara seines, Danish seines, and purse seines. Seine nets target both demersal and pelagic species and can be used in inland and marine waters.
Trawl nets and bottom seines possess an initial selectiveness owing to their particular design and mode of operation. A mesh size limitation would vary considerably in effect from one type of trawl net to another. It is important therefore to consider gear selectivity and performance before we begin to think of mesh sizes and their effect.
Take a herring vinge trawl for example and two other bottom other trawls like the granton trawl and the shrimp trawl. All use otter boards, all are on the sea bed throughout the duration of the tow and all have the same basic structure of wings, square, bellies, bag and cod end. But their performances differ as much as those of a racing car, a truck and a tractor. All three nets could be fishing in the same area, yet the vinge trawl might take only herring, the granton trawl only demersal fish and the shrimp trawl primarily shrimp or prawn. Mesh size has little to do with this species selection. It is a function of other aspects of gear performance - speed of tow, headline height, ground contact, flow of water through the body of the net, otter door spread, length of ground-cables, and so on. The vinge trawl would have the smallest mesh in the cod end, yet it would take no cod, haddock or shrimp. The shrimp or prawn trawl would have a smaller mesh than the granton trawl yet it would capture only a small proportion of the bigger fish the granton trawl would take. To imagine that in these cases the size of mesh controls the size of fish caught would be as simplistic as to think that the respective speeds of the racing car, truck and tractor were determined by the size of their wheels.
In contrast to the trawls designed to capture one species or group of species, there are the multi-species trawls or combination trawls which take a great variety of fish. The North Sea prawn and fish trawl is a combination net designed to capture Nephrops norvegicus or Norway prawns, plus demersal fish like cod, haddock, skate, monks, plaice and lemon sole. Most bottom trawls in the tropics and sub-tropics are multi-species trawls taking fish which vary greatly from each other in size and shape. There is no common selectivity factor and no common minimum size or length for the various species. For these fisheries, a mesh regulation is at best an inadequate means of reducing juvenile mortality. It can be aimed only at the smallest of the main commercial species.
Finfish breeding and hatchery management pdfKartik Mondal
Rivers were the major source of freshwater fish seed in India during 1950’s and 1960’s.
Over the years, the riverine contribution has declined and at present forms only a supplementary source, constituting less than 5% of the country’s total fish seed production.
The Ganga, the Brahmaputra and the Indus river systems in the North and the Peninsular East coast and the West coast river systems in the South are the important natural sources of fish seed.
Traps are fishing devices into which fish or shellfish are enticed by bait or shelter spaces or enclosures where they are guided to enter, because of an obstacle placed in their normal migration path and from which their escape is made difficult by constriction, retarding valves or labyrinths.
Trap fishing is a passive fishing technique of ancient origin. There is extraordinary variety in their design, fabrication and operation.
Trawl nets and bottom seines possess an initial selectiveness owing to their particular design and mode of operation. A mesh size limitation would vary considerably in effect from one type of trawl net to another. It is important therefore to consider gear selectivity and performance before we begin to think of mesh sizes and their effect.
Take a herring vinge trawl for example and two other bottom other trawls like the granton trawl and the shrimp trawl. All use otter boards, all are on the sea bed throughout the duration of the tow and all have the same basic structure of wings, square, bellies, bag and cod end. But their performances differ as much as those of a racing car, a truck and a tractor. All three nets could be fishing in the same area, yet the vinge trawl might take only herring, the granton trawl only demersal fish and the shrimp trawl primarily shrimp or prawn. Mesh size has little to do with this species selection. It is a function of other aspects of gear performance - speed of tow, headline height, ground contact, flow of water through the body of the net, otter door spread, length of ground-cables, and so on. The vinge trawl would have the smallest mesh in the cod end, yet it would take no cod, haddock or shrimp. The shrimp or prawn trawl would have a smaller mesh than the granton trawl yet it would capture only a small proportion of the bigger fish the granton trawl would take. To imagine that in these cases the size of mesh controls the size of fish caught would be as simplistic as to think that the respective speeds of the racing car, truck and tractor were determined by the size of their wheels.
In contrast to the trawls designed to capture one species or group of species, there are the multi-species trawls or combination trawls which take a great variety of fish. The North Sea prawn and fish trawl is a combination net designed to capture Nephrops norvegicus or Norway prawns, plus demersal fish like cod, haddock, skate, monks, plaice and lemon sole. Most bottom trawls in the tropics and sub-tropics are multi-species trawls taking fish which vary greatly from each other in size and shape. There is no common selectivity factor and no common minimum size or length for the various species. For these fisheries, a mesh regulation is at best an inadequate means of reducing juvenile mortality. It can be aimed only at the smallest of the main commercial species.
Finfish breeding and hatchery management pdfKartik Mondal
Rivers were the major source of freshwater fish seed in India during 1950’s and 1960’s.
Over the years, the riverine contribution has declined and at present forms only a supplementary source, constituting less than 5% of the country’s total fish seed production.
The Ganga, the Brahmaputra and the Indus river systems in the North and the Peninsular East coast and the West coast river systems in the South are the important natural sources of fish seed.
Traps are fishing devices into which fish or shellfish are enticed by bait or shelter spaces or enclosures where they are guided to enter, because of an obstacle placed in their normal migration path and from which their escape is made difficult by constriction, retarding valves or labyrinths.
Trap fishing is a passive fishing technique of ancient origin. There is extraordinary variety in their design, fabrication and operation.
Dr. K. Rama Rao
Department of Zoology
Govt, Degree College
TEKKALI; Srikakulam Dt: A.P.
Phone: 9010705687
Fishing gears are defined as tools used to capture marine/aquatic resources, whereas how the gear is used is the fishing method.
Virtual population analysis (VPA) is a cohort modeling technique commonly used in fisheries science for reconstructing historical fish numbers at age using information on death of individuals each year. This death is usually partitioned into catch by fisheries and natural mortality. VPA is virtual in the sense that the population size is not observed or …
fish population dynamics, Population structureDegonto Islam
Estimation of fish population dynamics are often based on age structures. Understanding past
population structure is of interest to evolutionary biologists because it can reveal when migration
regimes changed in natural populations, thereby pointing to potential environmental factors such as
climate changes as driving evolutionary forces. Characterizing the structure of extent populations is also
key to conservation genetics as translocation or reintroduction decisions must preserve evolutionary
stable units. Finally, population structure has important biomedical consequences either when a number
of subpopulation groups is locally adapted to particular environmental conditions (and maladapted
when exposed to new environments) or represents a confounding factor in the study of the statistical
association between genetic variants and phenotyp
CAGE CULTURE OF FISH THEIR TREND,STATUS AND PRODUCTION Ashish sahu
Cage culture is an aquaculture production system where fish are held in Cage. Cage culture of fish utilizes existing water resources but encloses the fish in a cage which allows water to pass freely through the enclosures and the surrounding water body. Cages are used to culture several types of shell fish and finfish species in fresh, brackish and marine waters. Cages in freshwaters are used for food fish culture and for fry to fingerling rearing.
In 1950s modern cage culture began with the initiation of production of synthetic materials for cage construction. Fish production in cages became highly popular among the small or limited resource farmers who are looking for alternatives to traditional agricultural crops. The mesh size of the cage is kept smaller than the fish body. In India cage culture have been attempted first for Air breathing fish. Cage mesh netting made from synthetic material that can resist decomposition in water for a long period of time. Cage are used to culture several type of shell fish and fin fishes in fresh , brackish and marine water. Cage in fresh water are used for food fish culture and for fry to fingerling rearing. Cages are generally small, ranging in freshwater reservoirs from 1 square meter (m2) to 500 m2.
Definition –
Cage culture is a system in which the cultured Fish 0r animal are enclosed from all side allowing water to pass freely through the enclosures and the surrounding water body.
HISTORY-
Cage culture seem to have developed around 200 year ago in Cambodia where fisherman used to keep clarias spp. And some other fishes in bamboo made cage. Cage culture is traditional in part of Indonesia also attempted for the first time in air breathing fishes in swamp for raising major carp in running water in the river, Yamuna and Ganga at Allahabad and for raising Common carp , Catla , Silver carp, Rohu , Snakehead and Tilapia in still water body of Karnataka. In India sea cage start in 2007 for culture sea bass at Vishakhapatnam by CMFRI. anchored in streams which are practically open sewers. Common carp , where cage are in the southern USA. Around 80 species are being culture in cage. In India cage culture was initially culture in bamboo cage is practice in west java, since early 1940. Modern cage culture in open water bodies probably originated in Japan in early 1950. According to FAO cage culture is being practiced in more than 62 countries and has a become high tech business in developed countries such as floating and submerged cage culture of Salmonids in Norway, Canada and Scotland, Tuna and Yellowtails in Japan , Chinese carp in China, and catfish.
A fishing system is the combination of the observations and handling methods before, during, and after the catch. It is also referred to as an integrated fishing system. This system will be steered by computers being used to collect and evaluate data, and to apply fully automatic fishing methods combining searching, catching, and processing, so bringing the optimum of success. fishing with modern computerized systems is also a fishing system.
The system also includes all the navigation required to bring the vessel and gear into the best position in relation to the prey desired to be caught. Computers will calculate the right time to shoot the gear, in order to control the catching process and the quantity of fish caught.
Finally, the system includes automatic hauling of the gear and the handling of the catch for processing.
Various parameter have been used by different authors for classification of fishing gear and fish catching methods. According to Hardy (1947) - Hardy best his classification on fishing method like luring, snaring and attacking.According to Umali (1950)- Umali classified fishing gear of Philippines as non-textile device and textile device.According to Davis (1958) – Davis made an effort to classified gears of England without drawing definite line of demarcation.According to Dumont and Sundstrom (1961) – commercial fishing gears of united state where classified based on similarity of types.According to Andres Von Brandt (1972) – Von Brandt classified the fish catching methods of the world on the basis of how the fish are catch. The subgroups of Von Brandt 1972 classification are made on parameter like material construction and method of operation. International Standard Statistical Classification of Fishing Gear (ISSCFG-1980) has classified the fishing gear in accordance with the internationally recognized standard Von Brandt 1972 classification is the most popular one and is universally accept.Andres Von Brandt has classified is fish catching methods of the world in to 16 major groups based on how the fish are caught.
Dr. K. Rama Rao
Department of Zoology
Govt, Degree College
TEKKALI; Srikakulam Dt: A.P.
Phone: 9010705687
Fishing gears are defined as tools used to capture marine/aquatic resources, whereas how the gear is used is the fishing method.
Virtual population analysis (VPA) is a cohort modeling technique commonly used in fisheries science for reconstructing historical fish numbers at age using information on death of individuals each year. This death is usually partitioned into catch by fisheries and natural mortality. VPA is virtual in the sense that the population size is not observed or …
fish population dynamics, Population structureDegonto Islam
Estimation of fish population dynamics are often based on age structures. Understanding past
population structure is of interest to evolutionary biologists because it can reveal when migration
regimes changed in natural populations, thereby pointing to potential environmental factors such as
climate changes as driving evolutionary forces. Characterizing the structure of extent populations is also
key to conservation genetics as translocation or reintroduction decisions must preserve evolutionary
stable units. Finally, population structure has important biomedical consequences either when a number
of subpopulation groups is locally adapted to particular environmental conditions (and maladapted
when exposed to new environments) or represents a confounding factor in the study of the statistical
association between genetic variants and phenotyp
CAGE CULTURE OF FISH THEIR TREND,STATUS AND PRODUCTION Ashish sahu
Cage culture is an aquaculture production system where fish are held in Cage. Cage culture of fish utilizes existing water resources but encloses the fish in a cage which allows water to pass freely through the enclosures and the surrounding water body. Cages are used to culture several types of shell fish and finfish species in fresh, brackish and marine waters. Cages in freshwaters are used for food fish culture and for fry to fingerling rearing.
In 1950s modern cage culture began with the initiation of production of synthetic materials for cage construction. Fish production in cages became highly popular among the small or limited resource farmers who are looking for alternatives to traditional agricultural crops. The mesh size of the cage is kept smaller than the fish body. In India cage culture have been attempted first for Air breathing fish. Cage mesh netting made from synthetic material that can resist decomposition in water for a long period of time. Cage are used to culture several type of shell fish and fin fishes in fresh , brackish and marine water. Cage in fresh water are used for food fish culture and for fry to fingerling rearing. Cages are generally small, ranging in freshwater reservoirs from 1 square meter (m2) to 500 m2.
Definition –
Cage culture is a system in which the cultured Fish 0r animal are enclosed from all side allowing water to pass freely through the enclosures and the surrounding water body.
HISTORY-
Cage culture seem to have developed around 200 year ago in Cambodia where fisherman used to keep clarias spp. And some other fishes in bamboo made cage. Cage culture is traditional in part of Indonesia also attempted for the first time in air breathing fishes in swamp for raising major carp in running water in the river, Yamuna and Ganga at Allahabad and for raising Common carp , Catla , Silver carp, Rohu , Snakehead and Tilapia in still water body of Karnataka. In India sea cage start in 2007 for culture sea bass at Vishakhapatnam by CMFRI. anchored in streams which are practically open sewers. Common carp , where cage are in the southern USA. Around 80 species are being culture in cage. In India cage culture was initially culture in bamboo cage is practice in west java, since early 1940. Modern cage culture in open water bodies probably originated in Japan in early 1950. According to FAO cage culture is being practiced in more than 62 countries and has a become high tech business in developed countries such as floating and submerged cage culture of Salmonids in Norway, Canada and Scotland, Tuna and Yellowtails in Japan , Chinese carp in China, and catfish.
A fishing system is the combination of the observations and handling methods before, during, and after the catch. It is also referred to as an integrated fishing system. This system will be steered by computers being used to collect and evaluate data, and to apply fully automatic fishing methods combining searching, catching, and processing, so bringing the optimum of success. fishing with modern computerized systems is also a fishing system.
The system also includes all the navigation required to bring the vessel and gear into the best position in relation to the prey desired to be caught. Computers will calculate the right time to shoot the gear, in order to control the catching process and the quantity of fish caught.
Finally, the system includes automatic hauling of the gear and the handling of the catch for processing.
Various parameter have been used by different authors for classification of fishing gear and fish catching methods. According to Hardy (1947) - Hardy best his classification on fishing method like luring, snaring and attacking.According to Umali (1950)- Umali classified fishing gear of Philippines as non-textile device and textile device.According to Davis (1958) – Davis made an effort to classified gears of England without drawing definite line of demarcation.According to Dumont and Sundstrom (1961) – commercial fishing gears of united state where classified based on similarity of types.According to Andres Von Brandt (1972) – Von Brandt classified the fish catching methods of the world on the basis of how the fish are catch. The subgroups of Von Brandt 1972 classification are made on parameter like material construction and method of operation. International Standard Statistical Classification of Fishing Gear (ISSCFG-1980) has classified the fishing gear in accordance with the internationally recognized standard Von Brandt 1972 classification is the most popular one and is universally accept.Andres Von Brandt has classified is fish catching methods of the world in to 16 major groups based on how the fish are caught.
Fishing gears
Dredges.
Gillnets and similar nets.
Hooks and lines.
Pots and traps.
Seines.
Surrounding nets and lift nets.
Trawls.
Data sources.
Fishing gears are commonly classified into two main categories: passive and active. This classification is based on the relative behavior of the target species and the fishing gear.
Almost any equipment or gear used in fishing can be called fishing tackle, examples being hooks, lines, baits/lures, rods, reels, floats, sinkers/feeders, nets, stringers/keepnets/live wells, spears, gaffs, traps, waders, and tackle boxes, as well as any wire, snaps, beads, spoons, blades, spinners, clevises and tools
Fishing nets have been used widely in the past, including by stone age societies.
The oldest known fishing net is the net of Antrea, found with other fishing equipment in the Karelian town of Antrea. The net was made from willow, and dates.
Fishing nets are well documented in antiquity. They appear in Egyptian tomb paintings from 3000 BC. In ancient Greek literature, Ovid makes many references to fishing nets, including the use of cork floats.
Types:-...
Bottom trawl
A trawl is a large net, conical in shape, designed to be towed along the sea bottom. The trawl is pulled through the water by one or more boats, called trawlers or draggers. The activity of pulling the trawl through the water is called trawling or dragging.
Cast net
Cast, or throw nets are small round nets with weights on the edges which is thrown by the fisher. Sizes vary up to about four metres in diameter. The net is thrown by hand in such a manner that it spreads out on the water and sinks. Fish are caught as the net is hauled back in.
Coracle net fishing
Coracle fishing is performed by two people, each seated in a coracle, plying their paddle with one hand and holding a shared net with the other. When a fish is caught, each hauls up their end of the net until the two coracles are brought to touch and the fish is secured.
Lave Net
A special form of large hand net is the lave net, now used in very few locations on the River Severn in England and Wales. The lave net is set in the water and the fisherman waits till he feels a fish hit against the mesh and the net is then lifted.
Hand net
Hand nets are held open by a hoop and are possibly on the end of a long stiff handle. They have been known since antiquity and may be used for sweeping up fish near the water surface. When such a net is used by an angler to help land a fish it is known as a landing net.
Manufacturing::--
Raw Material
Polyamide fibres like Nylon is the raw material for production of filaments of fishing nets.
Flow Chart Of Manufacturing
Raw material → Yarn (Or monofilament) → Twine → Knotting → Netting
USES-
Fishing nets are used to caught fishes which is used for food.
Fishing was used earlier for finding the lost bodies after any war or sea storm or drowning of boat.
Also used to catch the precious metals, materials, present beneath water surface in the seas.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
The increased availability of biomedical data, particularly in the public domain, offers the opportunity to better understand human health and to develop effective therapeutics for a wide range of unmet medical needs. However, data scientists remain stymied by the fact that data remain hard to find and to productively reuse because data and their metadata i) are wholly inaccessible, ii) are in non-standard or incompatible representations, iii) do not conform to community standards, and iv) have unclear or highly restricted terms and conditions that preclude legitimate reuse. These limitations require a rethink on data can be made machine and AI-ready - the key motivation behind the FAIR Guiding Principles. Concurrently, while recent efforts have explored the use of deep learning to fuse disparate data into predictive models for a wide range of biomedical applications, these models often fail even when the correct answer is already known, and fail to explain individual predictions in terms that data scientists can appreciate. These limitations suggest that new methods to produce practical artificial intelligence are still needed.
In this talk, I will discuss our work in (1) building an integrative knowledge infrastructure to prepare FAIR and "AI-ready" data and services along with (2) neurosymbolic AI methods to improve the quality of predictions and to generate plausible explanations. Attention is given to standards, platforms, and methods to wrangle knowledge into simple, but effective semantic and latent representations, and to make these available into standards-compliant and discoverable interfaces that can be used in model building, validation, and explanation. Our work, and those of others in the field, creates a baseline for building trustworthy and easy to deploy AI models in biomedicine.
Bio
Dr. Michel Dumontier is the Distinguished Professor of Data Science at Maastricht University, founder and executive director of the Institute of Data Science, and co-founder of the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) data principles. His research explores socio-technological approaches for responsible discovery science, which includes collaborative multi-modal knowledge graphs, privacy-preserving distributed data mining, and AI methods for drug discovery and personalized medicine. His work is supported through the Dutch National Research Agenda, the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, Horizon Europe, the European Open Science Cloud, the US National Institutes of Health, and a Marie-Curie Innovative Training Network. He is the editor-in-chief for the journal Data Science and is internationally recognized for his contributions in bioinformatics, biomedical informatics, and semantic technologies including ontologies and linked data.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
2. INTRODUCTIO
N:
• Locally known as katra.
• Rectangular in shape
• A very long net
• seine are designed to surround
school fish
• this is an active gear
• Mesh size varies from 4 to 9
centimeter depending on the
fish species to be caught
• two strong groups are used at
upper and lower end
• both natural and artificial yarn
are used twisted nylon or
polyester yarn is used.
3. INTRODUCTIO
N:
common type of net used on
fish farms to harvest fish. It is a
long net with ropes at each end
and is pulled along the pond to
collect the fish and then drawn
into a circle to trap them.
• A seine net consists of one or
more pieces of netting material
mounted:
• at the top on a head rope
equipped with floats;
• at the bottom on a foot rope
equipped with sinkers (or leads).
• These ropes are normally
5. ROPE:
natural fiber (hemp, manila,
sisal) or synthetic fiber
(polyamide, polyethylene or
polypropylene). Synthetic fibers
are stronger and more
resistant. Rope can be either
twisted or braided. You will use
rope for:
• the head rope: length of the
seine plus 2 to 3 m;
• the foot rope: length of the
seine plus 2 to 3 m;
• two vertical ropes: depth of
the seine;
6. FLOATS:
• light wood,
• cork, which is available from specialized stores in various
shapes and sizes;
• plastic, usually polyvinylchloride (PVC) or polyurethane,
which is available in various shapes and sizes from
specialized stores.
Floats can be made of several materials such
as:
Floats are usually either cylindrical or round
7. • SINKERS:
• Sinkers are usually made either from
baked earth or lead. They are also
available as thin lead sheets or in the
form of olives of various individual
weights. You can also use small
stones, but they may break more
easily.
• NETTING TWINE:
• Netting twine is needed to mount the
netting on the various ropes. Use a
synthetic twine slightly thicker than
the twine of the netting.
8. TYPES OF SEINE NET:
• ON THE BASIS OF STRUCTURE
• A seine is with or without bag, which set
either from the shore or from a boat for
surrounding certain area and is
operated with two long ropes fixed to its
ends.
9. TYPES OF SEINE NET:
• There are four general types of seine net,
• beach seine
• Lampara seine
• Danish seine
• Purse seine
• The 1st two now use in artisanal fisheries
• the last two are generally too large to be operated
successfully by artisanal fishermen
10. BEACH
SEINE:
• A beach seine consist
essentially of a bag with along
rectangular and relatively
narrow to the bag on either
side of the mouth with cork
line and lead line to keep it
vertical in the water for fishing.
11. LAMPARA
NET:
• The lampara net is
relatively loose and open
net bag with two wings.
• It is fished from small
boats or along the beach
to catch fish.
• Large lampara nets are
also operated from large
12. DANISH
SEINE:
• The danish seine is
similar to a trawl , a
big net bag with two
wings, though
fished in a different
way
• It is used to catch
fish living just over
the bottom
13. PURSE
SEINE:
• The purse seine is basically a
rectangular encircling net. with
float line and with metal rings
attached to its footrope and
threaded onto the purse string
• It is set around the school of
fish usually offshore and off
bottom.
14. TARGET SPECIES:
mainly demersal species, less
frequently for pelagic species.
Seine nets are operating both
in inland and marine water.
15. REMEMBER
THAT:
•seines are heavier to pull if
the pond bottom is muddy
•short seines are easier to
maneuver around obstacles
such as tree stumps, rocks
and aquatic weeds;
