This document discusses knots and rope usage in firefighting. It covers the different types of ropes used - life safety ropes, escape ropes, and utility ropes. It describes various rope materials like synthetic fibers, wire ropes, and natural fibers. It discusses rope construction methods like twisted, braided, and kernmantle. The document provides details on inspecting, cleaning, caring for, and storing ropes. It explains different types of knots like loops, hitches, bends and provides instructions on tying knots like the bowline, clove hitch, figure eight, and prusik hitch. It also shows examples of hoisting tools and equipment using ropes and knots.
This presentation covers the knots used in firefighting & rescue. Includes basic description of the knot and it’s use, advantages, disadvantages, video of the knots being tied. Shows how to tie 19 knots. Most with video on how to tie the knots. Presentation is over 80 slides in length.
Safety harness - fall protection - Wessam AtifWessam Atif
A brief presentation on how and when to use fall arrest system, how to don full body harness, when to use shock absorber and what to do if someone falls while wearing harness and lanyard to rescue them. Dr. Wessam Atif.
This presentation covers the knots used in firefighting & rescue. Includes basic description of the knot and it’s use, advantages, disadvantages, video of the knots being tied. Shows how to tie 19 knots. Most with video on how to tie the knots. Presentation is over 80 slides in length.
Safety harness - fall protection - Wessam AtifWessam Atif
A brief presentation on how and when to use fall arrest system, how to don full body harness, when to use shock absorber and what to do if someone falls while wearing harness and lanyard to rescue them. Dr. Wessam Atif.
There are over 3,000 species of snakes. Two third of the snakes are non venomous. Most snakes are not aggressive. They will usually retreat from danger. However if they start to feel threatened, they will strike. Snakes can strike a distance up to one-half their body length. Do not handle a freshly killed snake - it can still inject venom.
Lifting slings made from nylon are the most common and versatile styles of slings. Since they can be used in many lifting applications there are several types of damage that can occur.
Our inspection and check list will not only describe the types of damage but will give tips to prevent damage.
Rescate con Cuerdas NFPA 1006
Formación de Técnicos en Rescate
Curso Interno
Cuarta Compañía de Bomberos de Viña del Mar
"Bomba Jose Rafael Brunet Barreiro"
Tema N°3 Nudos
Rescate con Cuerdas NFPA 1006
Formación de Técnicos en Rescate
Curso Interno
Cuarta Compañía de Bomberos de Viña del Mar
"Bomba Jose Rafael Brunet Barreiro"
Tema N°11 Tripode
There are over 3,000 species of snakes. Two third of the snakes are non venomous. Most snakes are not aggressive. They will usually retreat from danger. However if they start to feel threatened, they will strike. Snakes can strike a distance up to one-half their body length. Do not handle a freshly killed snake - it can still inject venom.
Lifting slings made from nylon are the most common and versatile styles of slings. Since they can be used in many lifting applications there are several types of damage that can occur.
Our inspection and check list will not only describe the types of damage but will give tips to prevent damage.
Rescate con Cuerdas NFPA 1006
Formación de Técnicos en Rescate
Curso Interno
Cuarta Compañía de Bomberos de Viña del Mar
"Bomba Jose Rafael Brunet Barreiro"
Tema N°3 Nudos
Rescate con Cuerdas NFPA 1006
Formación de Técnicos en Rescate
Curso Interno
Cuarta Compañía de Bomberos de Viña del Mar
"Bomba Jose Rafael Brunet Barreiro"
Tema N°11 Tripode
Notes on Wire rope, Construction/type of wire rope, Testing of wire rope, Application of wire rope, Safety factor, Examination of wire rope, Care & Maintenance, Rope splicing, Tucking, Rope Capel, Reliance Capel, Deterioration of rope, Maximising the life of rope behalf of mining
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
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TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
2. • Ropes are widely used in the fire service.
• May be your only means for rescue
• A fire fighter must be able to tie simple knots
accurately and without hesitation.
Introduction
3. • Life safety
— Used solely for
supporting people
• Escape
— Used for emergency
self-rescue
• Utility
— Used in most cases
when it is not
necessary to support a
person
Types of Rope
4. • Never used as utility rope
• Must be used when supporting the weight of one
or more persons
• NFPA 1983 specifies design, construction, and
performance criteria.
Life Safety Ropes
5. • Technical use life safety rope
– 3/8” (9.5 mm) or greater, but is less than 1/2”
(12.5mm) in diameter
• General use life safety rope
– is no larger than 5/8” (16 mm) and no smaller
than 7/16” (11 mm) in diameter
Types of Life Safety Rope
6. • Used for self-rescue in
extreme situations
• Designed for the
weight of one person
• Should be replaced
after one use
• Use the rope only as a
last resort.
Escape Rope
7. • Is not used to
support a person
• Used for hoisting,
lowering, and
securing equipment
• Requires regular
inspection
Utility Rope
8. • Ropes can be made of many types of
materials.
• Earliest ropes were made from natural vines
woven together.
• Now ropes are made of synthetic material and
Wire ropes.
Rope materials
9. • Wire rope is a combination of steel wires
arranged around a central fiber core
• The breaking load of wire is considerably
greater than that of fiber rope of equivalent
size
• it is far less flexible
• limited to equipment usage like winch,
ladders, etc.
Wire Ropes
10. • Natural fiber ropes were often made of manila.
• Currently used for utility, not life safety, tasks
Drawbacks to Using Natural Fiber ropes
• Lose their load- carrying ability over time
• Subject to mildew
• Absorb 50 percent of their weight in water
• Degrade quickly
• Difficult to meet block creel construction
requirement with natural fibers
Natural Fibers
11. • Nylon first
manufactured in
1938
• Synthetic fibers have
been used for ropes
ever since.
Synthetic Fibers
• Several newer synthetic materials – Polyester,
polypropylene, and polyethylene
12. • Life safety rope is
always synthetic.
– Nylon
– Polyester
– Polypropylene
(Terylene)
Synthetic Fibers
13. Advantages to using Synthetic
Fiber Ropes
• Strength to Diameter ratio
• Longevity over natural fibers
• Thinner without sacrificing strength
• Less absorbent than natural fiber ropes
• Greater strength and added safety
• More fire-retardant than natural fiber ropes
14. Drawbacks to using Synthetic fiber
ropes
• Can be damaged by prolonged exposure to
ultraviolet light
• Can be damaged by exposure to strong acids
or alkalis
• Susceptible to abrasion
15. Rope Construction
• There are several types of rope
construction.
• The best choice depends on the specific
application.
– Twisted Rope Construction
– Braided Rope Construction
– Kernmantle Rope Construction
– Dynamic and Static Rope Construction
– Dynamic and Static Kernmantle Rope
Construction
16. Twisted Rope Construction
• Also called laid ropes
• Individual fibers
twisted into strands
• Strands are twisted
to make the rope.
• Both natural and
synthetic fibers can
be twisted.
17. Braided Rope Construction
• Strands woven like
hair braiding
• Exposes all of the
strands to abrasion
• Fibers stretch
• Double-braiding
18. Kernmantle Rope Construction
• Kern is the center
core.
• Mantle is the sheath-
like braided covering
that protects kern
from dirt and
abrasion.
19. Kernmantle Rope Construction
• Kern and mantle are synthetic.
• Provides a very strong and flexible rope that is
thin and lightweight
• Well suited for rescue work
20. Dynamic and Static
Rope Construction
• Dynamic
– Designed to be elastic
– Usually used by mountain climbers
• Static
– Has a limited range of elasticity
– More suitable for rescue situations
21. Dynamic and Static
Kernmantle Rope Construction
• Dynamic
– Constructed with overlapping or woven fibers
– When loaded, the fibers pull tighter.
• Static
– Constructed with fibers parallel to each other
– Little elasticity and limited elongation
22. Causes of Deteriorations of Ropes
• Abrasion and Chaffing
• Breaking of internal fibers
• Kinking or Sharp bends
• Dragging on ground
• Overloading
• Entry of grits into the fibers
• Chemical attack
23. Rope Maintenance
• All ropes require proper care.
• Four parts to maintenance:
– Care
– Clean
– Inspect
– Store
24. Care of the Rope
• Protect the rope from sharp and abrasive surface.
• Protect the rope from rubbing against another
rope or a webbing.
• Protect the rope from heat, chemical and flames.
• Protect the rope from prolonged exposure to
sunlight.
• Follow the manufacture’s recommendations for
rope care.
• Never step on rope.
25. Clean the Rope
• Use mild soap and
water for synthetic
fibers.
• Do not use bleach.
• Follow
manufacturer’s
recommendations.
• Do not pack or store
wet or damp rope.
Courtesy of Captain David Jackson, Saginaw Township Fire Department
27. Questions to consider when
Inspecting Life Safety Ropes
• Has the rope been exposed to heat or flame?
• Has the rope been exposed to abrasion?
• Has the rope been exposed to chemicals?
• Has the rope been exposed to shock loads?
• Are there any depressions, discoloration, or
lumps in the rope?
28. Inspect the Rope
• Inspect life safety
rope after each use
and on a regular
schedule when
unused.
• Look for cuts and
damage as you run it
through your fingers.
29. Inspect the Rope
• A life safety rope that is no longer usable must
be pulled from service and either destroyed or
marked as a utility rope.
Signs of Possible Rope Deterioration
• Discoloration
• Shiny marking from heat or friction.
• Damaged sheath
• Core fibers poking through the sheath
30. Store the Rope
• Avoid temperature
extremes and keep
out of sunlight and
away from fumes of
gasoline, oils, and
hydraulic fluids.
• Use a separate
apparatus
compartment.
31. Store the Rope
• Do not place heavy
objects on the rope.
• Rope bags may be
used or rope may be
coiled.
• If shock loaded,
inspect and consider
removing from
service.
33. Knots
• Ways of fastening ropes and webbing to
objects or each other.
• Fire fighters must know how and when to use
knots.
– Knots are used for multiple purposes.
– Knots reduce rope load-carrying capability.
34. Relative Strengths of “Knots” for
Single Kernmantle Rope
• No Knot 100%
• Figure 8 75-80%
• Bowline 70-75%
• Double Overhand Bend 65-70%
• Ring Bend 60-70%
• Clove Hitch 60-65%
• Overhand 60-65%
• Two Half Hitches 60-70%
• Square Knot 43-70%
35. Knot Terms
• Working end
– Used in forming knots
• Running end
– Used in lifting or
hoisting
• Standing part
– Between the working
and the running end
36. Knot Terms
• Bight
– Make a Bight to form
a loop at middle part
of a length of line
• Loop
– Makes a circle in the
rope
• Round turn
– Makes a loop with
parallel ends
37. Safety Knot
• Secures the leftover working end of the rope
to the standing part of the rope.
• Ensures primary knot will not become undone
• To test, try sliding it on the standing part of
the rope.
– A knot that is tied correctly will slide.
39. Loop Knots
• Used to form a loop in the end of a rope
• May be used for hoisting tools, securing a
person, or identifying the end of a stored
rope.
• Will not slip easily but are easy to untie
40. Loop Knots
• Figure eight knot
– Used to produce a family of other knots
– Seldom used alone
• Figure eight on a bight
– Secures loop at the working end
– Can be used to attach rope to fixed object or a
piece of equipment
41. Loop Knots
• Figure eight follow-through
– Useful for attaching a rope to a fixed ring or a solid
object with an “eye”
• Figure eight bend
– Used to join two ropes together
• Bowline
– Used to secure a rope to an object or anchor point
57. Hitches
• Prussik Hitch
– The prussik hitch or “prussik” is formed from pre-
tied 8mm accessory cord.
– Operations company members should only use
the three-wrap prussik.
– The three wrap Prusik Hitch is for rescue loads up
to 600 lbs.
59. Bends
• Used to join two ropes together
– The sheet bend or Becket bend can be used to join
two ropes of unequal size.
– The water knot or ring bend is used to join
webbing of the same or different sizes together.