Biobutanol shows potential as a sustainable aviation fuel alternative. It has properties making it suitable as a jet fuel component, including low heat of vaporization and higher calorific value. Production can utilize various feedstocks through fermentation and pyrolysis. Research shows blending biobutanol at 5-20% into jet fuel impacts viscosity, calorific value, conductivity and lubricity. Successful test flights have used biobutanol-blended fuels. However, high production costs and low demand and supply currently limit widespread adoption.
biobutanol is an advanced biofuel, it has better properties than ethanol and gasoline .it can be transported via existing pipelines and can be used in current engines. ethanol plants can be easily converted to biobutanol plants.
All About Normal Butanol Bio- Process Production
Presented in December 2016 at Ferdowsi University of mashhad
loc: Iran-Mashhad
Academic Homepage :http://theidari.ali.student.um.ac.ir/
biobutanol is an advanced biofuel, it has better properties than ethanol and gasoline .it can be transported via existing pipelines and can be used in current engines. ethanol plants can be easily converted to biobutanol plants.
All About Normal Butanol Bio- Process Production
Presented in December 2016 at Ferdowsi University of mashhad
loc: Iran-Mashhad
Academic Homepage :http://theidari.ali.student.um.ac.ir/
The world is confronted with twin crisis of fossil fuel depletion and environment degradation. The indiscriminate extraction and consumption of fossil fuels has led to reduction in petroleum reserves. Petroleum based fuels are obtained from limited resources. These finite reserves are highly concentrated in certain region of the word. Therefore, those countries that do not have are facing a foreign exchange crisis, mainly due to the import of crude petroleum oil. Hence it is necessary to look for alternative fuels. Which can be produced from materials available within the country. In the present scenario, agricultural and food waste is increasingly being considered a valuable resource. This way of using that waste reduces the cost of production of bio-ethanol and the problem related to the disposal of waste. Bio-ethanol can be produced using fruit waste by finding it reducing sugar value and by undergoing fermentation process and using some ca talyst respectively in each of the process. Each process must be maintained in pre-determined temperature for the to be the success. The fuel properties namely flash and fire point, kinematic viscosity etc, were studied. It was found that the properties were quite comparable to the properties of the petroleum fuel. By using agricultural waste to produce bio-ethanol, it reduces the cost of production and environmental impact related to the disposal of wastes.
Samir Khanal, Professor of Biological Engineering Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering at UHM, describes an integrated approach in converting biomass into biofuel and biobased products. Slides from the REIS seminar series at the University of Hawaii at Manoa on 2009-10-22.
A powerpoint presentation on biofuels . Application , manufacture , advantages and disadvantages of biofuels also included . Presentation based on sustainable devolopment . A useful powerpoint presentation for engineering students . GO GREEN . Thank you .
seminar horticulture.
Bioethanol production from fruit and vegetable wastes
The need for energy is continuously increasing due to rapid increase in industrialization and automobiles usage. The major sources to fulfil these energy demands are petroleum, natural gas, coal, hydro and nuclear energy. Increasing concern of fuels as well as escalating social and industrial awareness towards global climate change leads to exploration for the clean renewable fuels (Saifuddin et al., 2014). Therefore, bioethanol production from food sources as well as non-edible feed stocks as a renewable source of energy is believed to be one of the options wide open, to answer our concern towards climate change.
Research is being carried¬-out to convert food waste or inedible parts of fruits like peel and seeds into bioethanol. Although the idea is not new, but has gained considerable attention in recent years due to the escalating price of petro-fuel throughout the world.
Memon et al. (2017) conducted studies on bioethanol production from waste potatoes as a sustainable waste-to-energy resource via enzymatic hydrolysis. The results showed that significant bioethanol production was achieved at 30°C, 6 pH and 84 hours incubation time. About 42 ml of bioethanol was produced from 200 g of potato wastes.
Similarly, Saifuddin et al. (2014) experimented on bioethanol production from mango waste (Mangifera indica L. cv Chokanan). The highest production of bioethanol yield could be obtained from mango pulp of rotten fruits in the 3g/L of yeast concentration at a temperature of 30°C that yielded 15 per cent (v/v) of ethanol. Ethanol production increased with the increase in fermentation time until five days of incubation.
Comparative studies of ethanol production from different fruit wastes using Saccharomyces cerevisiae, revealed that the rate of ethanol production through fermentation of grape fruit waste was very high (6.21%) followed by banana (5.4%), apple (4.73%) and papaya (4.19%) (Janani et al., 2013).
Studies on production of bioethanol using rinds of pineapple, jackfruit, watermelon and muskmelon by saccharification and fermentation process were undertaken by Bhandari et al., (2013). Significant amounts of ethanol was obtained at the end of the process, with jackfruit rind (4.64g/L) followed by pineapple rind (4.38g/L).
Results of the experiment conducted on production of bioethanol from cassava and sweet potato peels revealed that maximum yield was obtained in cassava (26%) and sweet potato (12%) using combination of Gloeophyllum sepiarium and Pleurotus ostreatus for hydrolysis and combination of Zymomonas mobilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae for fermentation (Oyeleke et al., 2012).
The world is confronted with twin crisis of fossil fuel depletion and environment degradation. The indiscriminate extraction and consumption of fossil fuels has led to reduction in petroleum reserves. Petroleum based fuels are obtained from limited resources. These finite reserves are highly concentrated in certain region of the word. Therefore, those countries that do not have are facing a foreign exchange crisis, mainly due to the import of crude petroleum oil. Hence it is necessary to look for alternative fuels. Which can be produced from materials available within the country. In the present scenario, agricultural and food waste is increasingly being considered a valuable resource. This way of using that waste reduces the cost of production of bio-ethanol and the problem related to the disposal of waste. Bio-ethanol can be produced using fruit waste by finding it reducing sugar value and by undergoing fermentation process and using some ca talyst respectively in each of the process. Each process must be maintained in pre-determined temperature for the to be the success. The fuel properties namely flash and fire point, kinematic viscosity etc, were studied. It was found that the properties were quite comparable to the properties of the petroleum fuel. By using agricultural waste to produce bio-ethanol, it reduces the cost of production and environmental impact related to the disposal of wastes.
Samir Khanal, Professor of Biological Engineering Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering at UHM, describes an integrated approach in converting biomass into biofuel and biobased products. Slides from the REIS seminar series at the University of Hawaii at Manoa on 2009-10-22.
A powerpoint presentation on biofuels . Application , manufacture , advantages and disadvantages of biofuels also included . Presentation based on sustainable devolopment . A useful powerpoint presentation for engineering students . GO GREEN . Thank you .
seminar horticulture.
Bioethanol production from fruit and vegetable wastes
The need for energy is continuously increasing due to rapid increase in industrialization and automobiles usage. The major sources to fulfil these energy demands are petroleum, natural gas, coal, hydro and nuclear energy. Increasing concern of fuels as well as escalating social and industrial awareness towards global climate change leads to exploration for the clean renewable fuels (Saifuddin et al., 2014). Therefore, bioethanol production from food sources as well as non-edible feed stocks as a renewable source of energy is believed to be one of the options wide open, to answer our concern towards climate change.
Research is being carried¬-out to convert food waste or inedible parts of fruits like peel and seeds into bioethanol. Although the idea is not new, but has gained considerable attention in recent years due to the escalating price of petro-fuel throughout the world.
Memon et al. (2017) conducted studies on bioethanol production from waste potatoes as a sustainable waste-to-energy resource via enzymatic hydrolysis. The results showed that significant bioethanol production was achieved at 30°C, 6 pH and 84 hours incubation time. About 42 ml of bioethanol was produced from 200 g of potato wastes.
Similarly, Saifuddin et al. (2014) experimented on bioethanol production from mango waste (Mangifera indica L. cv Chokanan). The highest production of bioethanol yield could be obtained from mango pulp of rotten fruits in the 3g/L of yeast concentration at a temperature of 30°C that yielded 15 per cent (v/v) of ethanol. Ethanol production increased with the increase in fermentation time until five days of incubation.
Comparative studies of ethanol production from different fruit wastes using Saccharomyces cerevisiae, revealed that the rate of ethanol production through fermentation of grape fruit waste was very high (6.21%) followed by banana (5.4%), apple (4.73%) and papaya (4.19%) (Janani et al., 2013).
Studies on production of bioethanol using rinds of pineapple, jackfruit, watermelon and muskmelon by saccharification and fermentation process were undertaken by Bhandari et al., (2013). Significant amounts of ethanol was obtained at the end of the process, with jackfruit rind (4.64g/L) followed by pineapple rind (4.38g/L).
Results of the experiment conducted on production of bioethanol from cassava and sweet potato peels revealed that maximum yield was obtained in cassava (26%) and sweet potato (12%) using combination of Gloeophyllum sepiarium and Pleurotus ostreatus for hydrolysis and combination of Zymomonas mobilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae for fermentation (Oyeleke et al., 2012).
Life cycle assessment of polymer - air pollution and waste generationann harun
This presentation will discuss on the life cycle assessment of the polymer on parameter of air pollution and waste generation. There are four phases in determining the life cycle assessment. This presentation also discussed on the LCA of the poly lactic acid.
Could coal be the answer to global plastics shortagesPlatts
The CTO/MTO process
CTO/MTO Economics
Current Status – Projects
Impact on the global ethylene feedstock slate
Impact on PE and PP fundamentals
China’s shortage of ethylene and propylene
Difficulty of importing olefins
Demand growth for PE and PP
Naphtha crackers too dependent on imports
Coal price advantage
CTO process proven successful in 2011
Performance and Emissions Analysis of N-Butanol Blended with Gasoline in Spar...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
The power developed by an internal-combustion
engine depends upon the fuel used for combustion. Fuels
commonly used in internal combustion engines are derived
from crude oil, which are depleting and are important
sources of air pollution. In this study, n-butanol was used
as an additive with gasoline as fuel in spark ignition engine.
N-butanol exhibits good burning characteristics, contain
oxygen, reduces some exhaust emissions and as well, has
energy density and octane rating close to that of gasoline.
The various blend rates (4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 percent by
volume) were used in the engine performance analysis
using a TD110-115 single cylinder, four-stroke air-cooled
spark ignition engine test rig, under different loading
conditions. An SV-5Q automobile exhausts gas analyzer
was used to measure the concentration of gaseous emissions
such as unburnt hydrocarbon (UHC), carbon monoxide
(CO), and carbon dioxide (CO2
) from the engine tail pipe.
The results of engine performance showed reduction in the
exhaust temperature was observed for the blends than to
that of gasoline. It was observed that all the blends
improved the brake thermal efficiency and exhibited high
fuel consumption, lower specific energy consumption and
lower emissions than gasoline. All the blends performed
satisfactorily on spark-ignition engine without engine
modification.
Developments in bio refinery and its impact on pulp and paper industryArivalagan Arumugam
Environmental sustainability and energy security, put pressure on the use of renewable or recyclable resources with zero impact on environment for meeting the growing needs of energy. Further mandates and regulations facilitate the use of bio-fuels in transport vehicles. Technological developments have now made it possible to use the renewable resource, namely biomass to produce bio-fuel, power and chemicals in a bio-refinery. Global bio-fuel production is currently estimated at 100 billion liters per year. Food crop, wood, agricultural residues, etc based bio-refineries have emerged as one of the solutions to the global energy problem. Commercial scale bio-refineries are in operation in several countries and some are under construction. Various technologies have been developed for producing bio-fuels, power and or chemicals from varieties of biomasses. This paper reviews the developments in bio-refineries, and its impact on pulp and paper industry
Impartial feasibility studies focused on polypropylene (PP) manufacturing economics, showing CAPEX, OPEX, key process indicators and process diagrams.
Know more at www.intratec.us/products/pp-production-processes.
Land Use Change and European Biofuel PoliciesDavid Laborde
This presentation gives a detailed overview of the 2011 report done by IFPRI (Laborde, 2011) for the European Commission on the land use consequences of EU biofuel mandates (available at http://www.ifpri.org/sites/default/files/publications/biofuelsreportec2011.pdf )
The report aims to compute iLUC (indirect land use change) factor for different feedstocks using the MIRAGE-Biof CGE model.
Moringa is a plantfood of high nutritional value, ecologically and economically beneficial and readily available in the countries hardest hit by the food crisis. http://miracletrees.org/ http://moringatrees.org/
2. Introduction
■ Biobutanol (C₄H₉OH) is an interesting biocomponent of
aviation fuel
■ It has several useful properties:
– Low heat of vaporization
– Less corrosive
– Not hydroscopic (i.e., attracting moisture)
– Combust well in thin air at high altitude
– Higher calorific value of 29.2 MJ/l
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Fig 1. Butanol Structure
3. BioButanol Production
Feedstock
Glucose
BioButanol
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Feedstock
Fermentatio
n
Pyrolysi
s
Sugarcane Juice, Corn
Kernels (Sugar source)
0-2 years N/A
Sugar beet, Sorgum
(complex sugar)
0-2 years N/A
Miscanthus, Switchgrass
(cellulosic technology)
2-4 years 1-3 years
Wood waste, Crop
waste, Poplar tree
2-4 years 1-3 years
Algae biomass 2-4 years N/A
Food processing waste,
household waste
4-6 years 1-3 years
Table1. Production of biobutanol from several feedstocks
Pre-treatment
Anaerobic
Fermentation using
Clostridium
Acetobutyicum
4. Biobutanol as a Component of Aviation Fuel
■ Current jet fuel countains sulphur, lead and bromine which are
potentially dangerous for environment and source of the fastest
growth of CO₂ emissions.
■ Recent research conducted by leading aviation companies indicates
that hydrocarbon biocomponents will be main biofuel for aviation
industry.
■ The technology path, recognized by different companies, incl.
Gevo, is the following
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Biomass Biobutanol Biobutene
Synthetic
Bio-Jet fuel
5. Influence of Biobutanol in Aviation Fuel
■ Research conducted by Dziegielewski, et al. at Air Force Institute ofTechnology,
Poland (2014)
■ They experimented by adding 5% - 20% biobutanol (Butane-1-ol and Butane-2-ol) in
Jet A-1 fuel
■ They observed the effect on 4 properties
– Kinematic viscosity
– Calorific value
– Conductivity
– Lubricity
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7. Influence on CalorificValue
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■ CalorificValue of
blend decreases
■ Calorific value
lowering is not
proportional to
butanol content
■ Different for
butane-1-ol and
butane-2-ol
10. Case Study
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■ In December 2014, the US Navy’s NavalAir Systems
Command announced its first successful alcohol-to-
jet supersonic flight, fueled by Gevo’s renewable
biobutanol.
■ This was the first aviation test program to evaluate
the performance of a 50/50ATJ blend in
supersonic flight.
■ This military specification would allow for
commercial supply of ATJ fuel to the Navy and
Marines Corps.
11. Recent Research
■ Gevo is currently producing biobutanol in Luverne plant,
meeting product specifications for direct drop-in
applications.
■ In Colorado,Alaska Airlines announced to purchase
Gevo’s renewable jet fuel and fly the first-ever
commercial flight on alcohol-to-jet fuel (ATJ)
■ The demonstration flight is expected to fly sometime in
mid to late 2015.
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12. Hurdles
■ Price gaps : 2 - 4times higher than the fossil
fuel
Major challenges in production:
■ High Prices
– Feedstock costs
– Incidental production batches
■ Low demand
– High price premium
– Concerns of Sustainability
■ Low supply
– Feedstock availability
– Upscaling challenges
– Financing technology
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High Prices
Low
Demand
Low Supply
Fig. Major challenges in production
13. Conclusion
■ Research has shown use of biobutanol in jet
fuel has no such negative effects
■ Using biobutanol in jet fuel will reduce the GHG
emissions by up to 80% compared to fossil
fuels.
■ This will also protect airlines from the high and
volatile fossil jet fuel prices.
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14. References
■ Dzięgielewski,W., et al. "Butanol/biobutanol as a component of an aviation and diesel
fuel." Journal of KONES 21.2 (2014): 69-75.
■ Hamelinck, C., et al. "Biofuels for aviation." Ministry of Infrastructure and
Development (2013).
■ Chemical Strategies Group, "Bio-Butanol:The Game Changer." (2013)
■ "AlaskaAirlines, Gevo to Demonstrate Renewable Alcohol-to-Jet Fuel in Upcoming
Flight." Biofuels Digest.Web. 7 May. 2015.
■ "BioButanol - Biobutanol Feedstocks Include Sugars, Starches and Even
Wastes." Biobased Butanol Info.Web.
■ "Sustainable Fuels." Aviation Benefits Beyond Borders. Web.
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