This document provides an introduction and overview of seed technology. It defines what a seed is and discusses the classification of seeds into monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous types. It outlines the importance of seeds in agriculture and the objectives and goals of seed technology, such as rapid multiplication and timely supply of high quality seeds. It discusses the agencies related to seed regulation under the Seed Act of 1966 and the types and classes of seeds. Finally, it provides information on seed production and the gross sales of seeds in India.

1. PRESENTED BY
Amit Ravindra Kale
SEEDS

2. INTRODUCTION
What is seed?
Seed is a fertilized matured ovule together covered
with seed coat is called seed or it is a propagating material.
Seed may be defined as “Structurally a true seed is a
fertilized matured ovule, consisting of an embryonic plant,
a store of food and a protective seed coat, a store of food
consists of cotyledons and endosperm”

3. CLASSIFICATION OF SEEDS
MONOCOTYLEDONOUS
• Plants Have with One Seed
Cotyledon
DICOTYLEDONOUS
• Plants Have with Two Seed
Cotyledon.

4. IMPORTANCE OF SEEDS
Seed bridge between the two generation of plant life.
Seed is the medium which transferring character from one
generation to next generation.
Seed is the vital and most important input for crop
production.
Seed as food, feed, medicinal, industries or ornamental
value.

5. • 1. To teach seed technology core.
• 2. Research on seed production /processing /
testing.
• 3. To strengthen the seed technology research.
• 4. To give training to those who are involved
in seed production, processing, testing, etc.
OBJECTIVES OF SEEDS TECHNOLOGY

6. GOALS OF SEED TECHNOLOGY
1. Rapid multiplication: To increase agricultural
production.
2. Timely supply: New varieties must be available
in time.
3. Assured high quality of seeds: Good vigour and
viability.
4. Reasonable price: Cost of seed must be low to
reach the average farmers.

7. AGENCIES RELETED UNDER SEED
ACT-1966
Central Seed Committee (CSC)
Central Seed Certification Board (CSCB)
Maharashtra State Seed Certification Agency (MSSCA)
Central Seed Testing Laboratory (CSTL) Delhi
State Seed Testing Laboratory (SSTL) , Pune ,Nagpur ,
Aurangabad , Akola.

8. TYPES OF SEEDS
Sr. No. Types of Seeds Agency
Involved
Color of Tag Size of Tag
1 Nucleus Seed Original
Breeder
- -
2 Breeder Seed Sponsored
Breeder
Golden/Yellow 12 X 6 cm
3 Foundation Seed State Farm,
SAU, Taluka
etc.
White 15 X 7.5 cm
4 Certified Seed Private Seed
Comp. Seed
Plot
Blue 15 X 7.5 cm

9. The four generally recognized classes of seeds are:-
• a) Nucleus seed: The initial hand full of seeds obtained from
selected individual plants of a particular variety, for the purpose of
purifying and maintain that variety, by originating plant breeder.
• b) Breeder's seed: Progeny of Nucleus seeds, its production is
directly controlled by the originating or the sponsoring breeder or
institution, providing for the initial and recurring increase of
foundation seed.
• b) Foundation seed: The Progeny of breeders seed handled to
maintain specific genetic purity and identity. This seed is the source
of all other certified seed classes.
• d) Certified seed: The progeny of foundation or certified seed that
is handled so as to maintain satisfactorily genetic identity and purity
and that has been approved and certified by the certifying agency.
TYPES OF SEEDS

10. Indian Agricultural Scenario
Green revolution helped India gain self sufficiency in
food production
• Agricultural production increased from 50 million tons to 227
million tons; however, growth flat over last 10 years
• Population, currently at 1.21 billion, is continuing to increase.
•Indian economy has grown steadily –7% in last 10 years; 9% in
last 3 years
•Agriculture contributes 13.9% to GDP but 60% population lives
off agriculture
•Highest area under irrigation Approximetally (37%)

12. NSC- Annual Report 2011-2012
STATE SEEDS CORPORATION (SSC)
PBT-Profit Before Tax

13. PRODUCTION OF SEEDS

14. 0
2000000
4000000
6000000
8000000
10000000
12000000
Breeder
Seed
Foundation
Seed
Certified
Seed
2010-11 11572 189785 3213592
2009-10 9441 96274 2503500
2008-09 9196 85254 1943100
2006-07 7382 79654 1481800
2005-06 6865 74000 1405000
PRODUCTION
PRODUCTION OF SEEDS

16. GROSS SALE OF SEEDS
NSC- Annual Report 2011-2012

19. SOME SEEDS INDUSTRIES
1.Mahyco
2.Monsento
3.Syngenta
4.Ajit
5. Ankur
6.Known u Seeds