Section 3
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Antarctica is a continent covered 98% in ice that can be over a mile thick. The ice sheets slowly flow off the continent and form ice shelves at the coast, where large icebergs frequently break off. Antarctica has the coldest, driest, windiest climate on the planet with temperatures below -120 degrees Fahrenheit. While tundra plants and a few insects survive in ice-free areas, penguins, seals and whales are the main animals found in Antarctica's icy waters.
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The document discusses Antarctica as the world's last great wilderness. It notes that Antarctica is covered in ice, extremely cold and remote, and protected by the Antarctic Treaty which bans mining and manages wildlife. While tourism and fishing activities occur, international cooperation works to limit environmental impacts. The document also highlights discoveries in Antarctica about climate change, the ozone layer, and potentially life under the ice. It describes the ice sheet and potential sea level rise if it were to melt. Future research may explore life in subglacial lakes and obtain longer climate records to better understand climate change.
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Antarctica is the southernmost continent located around the South Pole, covering over 14 million square kilometers and surrounded by the Southern Ocean. About 98% of Antarctica is covered by the Antarctic ice sheet, which averages at least 1.6 kilometers thick and contains around 90% of the world's ice and 70% of its fresh water; if this ice melted, sea levels would rise approximately 60 meters.
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The Arctic region encompasses the Arctic Ocean and surrounding landmasses north of the Arctic Circle. The Arctic Ocean is the smallest and most landlocked of the world's oceans, covered by a thick polar icepack for most of the year. The climate is characterized by extreme seasonal variations, with long, cold winters and short, cool summers. Both the land and marine ecosystems have adapted to survive in these harsh conditions and support indigenous peoples like the Inuit, as well as resources important to the global economy. Studying the Arctic is important for understanding past and potential future climate changes that are predicted to impact the region first and most severely.
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One of the reasons Antartica is a significant environment, is due to Antarctica’s enormous environmental impact. 98% of Antartica is covered in ice, which is 25.6 milion cubic km of ice covered 14 million square km. It is also a significant environment because it has the most amount of ice in one place than any other continent, with 70% of the 26.5 million cubic km of ice being fresh water. If this mass amount of ice were to melt, ocean levels could rise by nearly 60 metres. This could engulf small countries, completely submerging them below water. In addition to Antartica’s significant environmentally extreme weather, is the extreme temperatures. It is the col
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The document discusses Antarctica as the world's last great wilderness. It notes that Antarctica is covered in ice, extremely cold and remote, and protected by the Antarctic Treaty which bans mining and manages wildlife. While tourism and fishing activities occur, international cooperation works to limit environmental impacts. The document also highlights discoveries in Antarctica about climate change, the ozone layer, and potentially life under the ice. It describes the ice sheet and potential sea level rise if it were to melt. Future research may explore life in subglacial lakes and obtain longer climate records to better understand climate change.
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Antarctica is the southernmost continent located around the South Pole, covering over 14 million square kilometers and surrounded by the Southern Ocean. About 98% of Antarctica is covered by the Antarctic ice sheet, which averages at least 1.6 kilometers thick and contains around 90% of the world's ice and 70% of its fresh water; if this ice melted, sea levels would rise approximately 60 meters.
Environmental issues
This document discusses global warming and acid rain. Global warming is caused by certain gases trapping heat in the atmosphere and insulating the Earth. These gases include carbon dioxide, methane, chlorofluorocarbons, and nitrous oxide which are emitted through various human activities and natural sources. Acid rain occurs when sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides released into the air react with water to form acids, damaging both the environment and human health. Some solutions proposed to address these issues include improving pollution controls on power plants, reducing vehicle emissions, and limiting burning of forests.
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The Arctic region encompasses the Arctic Ocean and surrounding landmasses north of the Arctic Circle. The Arctic Ocean is the smallest and most landlocked of the world's oceans, covered by a thick polar icepack for most of the year. The climate is characterized by extreme seasonal variations, with long, cold winters and short, cool summers. Both the land and marine ecosystems have adapted to survive in these harsh conditions and support indigenous peoples like the Inuit, as well as resources important to the global economy. Studying the Arctic is important for understanding past and potential future climate changes that are predicted to impact the region first and most severely.
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Mercator Ocean newsletter 27
Greetings all,
What does your imagination tell you when you think about the Austral Ocean ? Perhaps this place reminds you of the “Roaring
Forties” and the “Screaming fifties”, the drift of the icebergs, the only passage free of ice to go around the earth, an inhospitable
area, the Antarctic continent, penguins… Actually, the Austral Ocean is a keystone for the interocean exchanges of heat,
freshwater and anthropogenic tracers: it is the meeting point of the Indian, Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. It also plays a key role in
the global carbon cycle.
This issue is dedicated to this particular place. It will present to us some of the important oceanographic projects concerning the
Austral Ocean: Flostral, Survostral, GoodHope, the Drake Campaign and analysis done to better understand its dynamic and its
role from model (Drakkar project, …) and observations (ARGO, dedicated campaigns, satellite data sets, …).
The first article, written by Pouget & al., focuses on the performances of one of the global Mercator 1/4° model (PSY3v1) at
Drake Passage by comparing it with in situ data gathered from R.V Polarsten in 2006.
The second one, from Le Sommer & al., presents an overview of some results obtained on the Southern Ocean processes and
climate variability through the use of the Drakkar hierarchy of ocean/ice models.
The next one explains what the Survostral and Flostral projects are and it gathers some results deduced from the data collected
during these campaigns. Authors of this article are Salle JB and Morrow R.
The last one, written by Speich S. and Arhan M., presents the GoodHope project and summarizes some results of the work
done from the hydrographic data sets obtained in the scope of this project.
In this issue, we would also like to approach a central topic on the future of operational oceanography: MyOcean: part of the
GMES European Projet. This subject is introduced in the News pages by Pierre Bahurel.
I hope you enjoy this issue.
пінгвін / the Penguins
Lolo is a little penguin who lives in Antarctica with its family which includes a mother, father, and brother penguin. Penguins live in large groups in Antarctica where it is always cold. They are black and white birds that cannot fly but use their flippers to swim and dive in the water, which they enjoy living in as well as the land. Penguins eat fish, which the father will help incubate eggs while the mother finds food.
Blog notes
Australia and New Zealand were first settled by Aboriginal and Maori people thousands of years ago. They were later colonized by Britain in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Both countries have diverse climates and landscapes, and are wealthy, developed nations today. The Pacific Islands have a variety of climates and were some of the last places settled by humans, resulting in unique cultures. Antarctica is a frozen continent covered in ice and home only to research stations, with climate research being a major focus.
History and fun facts about Antactica
This document provides an overview of Antarctica, including:
1. Antarctica's sea ice is expanding in some areas and shrinking in others, influenced by wind patterns. The Antarctic ice sheet is diminishing while frozen seawater increases.
2. Antarctica has ideal conditions for collecting meteorites due to the stark contrast against the snow and ice, and the environment preserves meteorites for millions of years.
3. Two annual marathons are held in Antarctica despite it having no permanent residents. Participants face extreme cold, wind and unpredictable conditions.
4. Tourism is centered around the Antarctic Peninsula which has a milder climate and is home to penguin and seal breeding grounds. Cruise ships bring an average of
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Antarctica is the coldest, windiest, and highest continent on Earth. It is also the driest, classified as an official desert due to the small amounts of rain and snow. The continent is covered by a thick ice sheet composed of compressed snow and ice. Slow moving glaciers and large floating ice shelves attached to land are also present. As winter approaches, sea ice begins to form, initially breaking into small pancake-shaped pieces before freezing entirely into a thick pack ice covering. Icebergs break off from glaciers and ice shelves that extend into the ocean. The document outlines the various types of ice found in Antarctica and how they differ in appearance and formation throughout the seasons.
Striped Icebergs
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Antarctica Christmas 2008
Our ship, the Corinthian II, took passengers on a Antarctic expedition from December 22, 2008 to January 1, 2009, making various stops along the way. Highlights included seeing hundreds of thousands of penguins at their rookeries, spectacular ice formations, climbing volcanic islands, and celebrating Christmas at sea, but the trip ended in tragedy when a 65-year-old passenger died in the hospital after becoming unconscious on the return trip to Ushuaia, Argentina.
Cesar melendez Glaciers PPT
Glaciers are large masses of ice that form on land from compacted snow and slowly deform and flow due to their own weight. They are found on every continent except Australia and cover about 10% of Earth's land. The three largest glaciers are located in Central Asia, North America, and the Arctic Islands. Glaciers are threatened by global warming, which causes them to melt and sea levels to rise, potentially flooding coastal regions and disrupting ecosystems that depend on glacial meltwater. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions and developing alternative energy sources can help address the issues caused by melting glaciers.
Classic Antarctica Slide Show
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The document discusses Antarctica, including:
1) Antarctica is a continent located at the South Pole, covering an area 1.5 times the size of the United States. It is very cold, windy, and dry, with temperatures reaching as low as -89.2°C.
2) Only about 1,000 people live in Antarctica at research stations during the summer, with no permanent residents. The Antarctic Treaty governs the continent to protect wildlife and ban military activity and mining.
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The arctic habitat has lots of snow, icebergs, and freezing cold temperatures. There are many different animal species that live there, including penguins, seals, and other creatures with thin fur. Plants only grow during the brief spring and summer. The soil is made up of rocks and remnants of dead animals. Some of the threats to the habitat include predators eating too many penguins and homes being destroyed. The arctic can be found at the North and South Poles and in the Arctic Ocean region.
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The document discusses evidence of global warming in Antarctica. It notes that the Antarctic Peninsula has warmed 2.5 degrees Celsius over the past 50 years, much faster than the global average. This rapid warming led to the Larsen B ice shelf, the size of Cornwall, breaking off in 2002. While temperatures have increased on the peninsula and parts of the West Antarctic ice sheet are thinning, the East Antarctic ice sheet does not show signs of warming. Global warming is also affecting the Southern Ocean by causing earlier sea ice melt and more ice-free areas in summer. This is impacting the Antarctic marine ecosystem as warmer waters reduce phytoplankton and krill populations.
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Saint Brendan was an Irish monk who may have traveled to the Americas in the 5th century, though this is considered a myth without physical evidence. Columbus obtained information about lands across the Atlantic from fishermen in England and Portugal who likely explored the waters off Canada and the Caribbean. While we don't know if Saint Brendan or others like the Welsh or Phoenicians reached America, Columbus appeared to have knowledge from European sailors.
Antarctica
Tourism in Antarctica can be expensive, ranging from $3,500-$35,000 depending on the length and activities of the trip. Reaching Antarctica requires multiple modes of transportation as large passenger planes cannot land there directly. Some of the key challenges of Antarctic tourism include the environmental impact of visitors and how to promote sustainable practices.
Powerpoint
Glaciers are rivers of ice that move slowly, while ice sheets are masses of glacier ice greater than 50,000 square kilometers covering surrounding land. Glaciers form where annual snowfall exceeds melting and certain climatic conditions exist, allowing more snow to accumulate than melt each summer. Ice sheets only exist in Antarctica and Greenland, where winter snow does not fully melt by summer. Approximately three quarters of Earth's freshwater is stored as glaciers and ice sheets, which are the largest freshwater reservoirs on the planet.
Antarctica 1
This slide show can be used in conjunction with Jonathan Bird's Antarctica Part 1 video. It consists of comprehension questions related to the video
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The document discusses potential innovative models for congregational Jewish education, including the "Egg Carton School" model, online learning, collaborative models between congregations and community organizations, and treating Hebrew school more like camp or scouting. It encourages thinking creatively about how to expand and re-envision Jewish education for the 21st century, such as considering longer school hours or developing a national movement for change.
The Frozen World
The document summarizes how animals survive freezing temperatures, the different types of penguins, the size of Antarctica, temperature extremes at the poles, and includes references. It discusses how most animals build nests or leave to stay warm, lists Emperor, King, Gentoo, and African penguins, notes Antarctica is Earth's 5th largest continent, and that recorded temperatures have been -128°C in Antarctica and -90°C at the North Pole.
Mercator Ocean newsletter 27
Greetings all,
What does your imagination tell you when you think about the Austral Ocean ? Perhaps this place reminds you of the “Roaring
Forties” and the “Screaming fifties”, the drift of the icebergs, the only passage free of ice to go around the earth, an inhospitable
area, the Antarctic continent, penguins… Actually, the Austral Ocean is a keystone for the interocean exchanges of heat,
freshwater and anthropogenic tracers: it is the meeting point of the Indian, Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. It also plays a key role in
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This issue is dedicated to this particular place. It will present to us some of the important oceanographic projects concerning the
Austral Ocean: Flostral, Survostral, GoodHope, the Drake Campaign and analysis done to better understand its dynamic and its
role from model (Drakkar project, …) and observations (ARGO, dedicated campaigns, satellite data sets, …).
The first article, written by Pouget & al., focuses on the performances of one of the global Mercator 1/4° model (PSY3v1) at
Drake Passage by comparing it with in situ data gathered from R.V Polarsten in 2006.
The second one, from Le Sommer & al., presents an overview of some results obtained on the Southern Ocean processes and
climate variability through the use of the Drakkar hierarchy of ocean/ice models.
The next one explains what the Survostral and Flostral projects are and it gathers some results deduced from the data collected
during these campaigns. Authors of this article are Salle JB and Morrow R.
The last one, written by Speich S. and Arhan M., presents the GoodHope project and summarizes some results of the work
done from the hydrographic data sets obtained in the scope of this project.
In this issue, we would also like to approach a central topic on the future of operational oceanography: MyOcean: part of the
GMES European Projet. This subject is introduced in the News pages by Pierre Bahurel.
I hope you enjoy this issue.
пінгвін / the Penguins
Lolo is a little penguin who lives in Antarctica with its family which includes a mother, father, and brother penguin. Penguins live in large groups in Antarctica where it is always cold. They are black and white birds that cannot fly but use their flippers to swim and dive in the water, which they enjoy living in as well as the land. Penguins eat fish, which the father will help incubate eggs while the mother finds food.
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Similar to Section 3
Blog notes
Australia and New Zealand were first settled by Aboriginal and Maori people thousands of years ago. They were later colonized by Britain in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Both countries have diverse climates and landscapes, and are wealthy, developed nations today. The Pacific Islands have a variety of climates and were some of the last places settled by humans, resulting in unique cultures. Antarctica is a frozen continent covered in ice and home only to research stations, with climate research being a major focus.
History and fun facts about Antactica
This document provides an overview of Antarctica, including:
1. Antarctica's sea ice is expanding in some areas and shrinking in others, influenced by wind patterns. The Antarctic ice sheet is diminishing while frozen seawater increases.
2. Antarctica has ideal conditions for collecting meteorites due to the stark contrast against the snow and ice, and the environment preserves meteorites for millions of years.
3. Two annual marathons are held in Antarctica despite it having no permanent residents. Participants face extreme cold, wind and unpredictable conditions.
4. Tourism is centered around the Antarctic Peninsula which has a milder climate and is home to penguin and seal breeding grounds. Cruise ships bring an average of
Blog notes
The document summarizes the physical geography, climate, wildlife, history, culture, and current status of Australia, New Zealand, and various Pacific Islands. It notes that Australia and New Zealand have diverse terrain and climates and were originally inhabited by Aboriginal and Maori peoples, respectively, before European settlement. The Pacific Islands encompass Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia and vary from high volcanic islands to low coral atolls. The document also briefly outlines Antarctica's icy terrain and polar climate as well as early exploration and current research activities there.
Antarctica- Icy wilderness of extremes and wonder
In this presentation, we delve into the captivating realm of Antarctica, Earth's southernmost continent. This icy wilderness stands as a testament to extremes, with record-breaking cold temperatures and vast expanses of pristine ice. Antarctica's landscape is dominated by towering glaciers, colossal icebergs, and expansive ice shelves. Yet, amidst this frozen expanse, a rich tapestry of unique wildlife thrives, including penguins, seals, and seabirds, all finely attuned to survive in this harsh environment. Beyond its natural wonders, Antarctica also serves as a vital hub for scientific exploration, providing invaluable insights into climate change and the Earth's history
Analea Key Note
This document provides information about Antarctica. It discusses the native wildlife like penguins and seals. It describes the journey via icebreaker ship to Antarctica and notes the extreme cold. It details the geography of Antarctica, which covers over 13 million square kilometers and contains two active volcanoes. It notes that Antarctica is covered by a thick ice sheet up to 4,000 meters deep that would cause the land below to rise by over 700 meters if it melted. The document outlines some of the challenges of living in Antarctica for scientists and station crew, who must protect from sun exposure and carry out various roles to support the station.
Antarctica
Antarctica is the coldest, driest, windiest, highest, and least accessible continent. It has been covered in ice for the last 25 million years and is home to a diverse ecosystem including seals, penguins, and fish. The Antarctic Treaty, agreed to by 44 countries, designates Antarctica as a natural reserve devoted to peace and science. It bans mining and requires unanimous agreement for revisions. The Antarctic is one of the most strictly protected regions in the world and continues to provide insights into climate change and other global phenomena through ongoing scientific study.
Arctic & antartica
The Arctic is located in the northernmost part of the Earth and consists of the Arctic Ocean surrounded by parts of several countries. It is a unique ecosystem that includes organisms living in ice, marine life, birds, land animals, and human societies that have adapted to the cold conditions. Recent years have seen a decline in sea ice extent.
Antarctica
Antarctica is the southernmost continent, located around the South Pole. It is the coldest, driest, windiest continent and holds 90% of the world's ice and 70% of its fresh water. Antarctica is covered by a vast ice sheet that is on average 7,200 feet thick. If the ice melted, sea levels would rise 230 feet and flood many coastal cities. No permanent human residents live in Antarctica, though about 4,000 scientists reside there seasonally. Several countries have claimed ownership of parts of Antarctica but it is governed by an international treaty.
3.antartica
Antarctica is a continent surrounded by water that is entirely covered in ice. It has extreme cold temperatures, especially in the east, and hardly any plant or animal life due to the harsh climate. While rich in natural resources, a 1991 treaty prohibits mining in Antarctica. It was explored starting in the 1700s and mapped out in the 1800s, with various countries making claims until a 1959 treaty designated it for peaceful research only. Today, numerous research stations operated by many countries study the continent.
Antarctica unit 1
This document provides an overview of Antarctica for educational purposes. It includes sections on ice shelves, facts about the continent, points of reference for key locations, and an agenda for a four-week study of Antarctica. Key facts are that Antarctica is the highest, coldest, driest, windiest continent located at the southernmost point of Earth. It covers 14 million square kilometers and contains 70% of Earth's fresh water. Temperatures range from -70C inland in winter to -30C along the coast.
Kyle
Antarctica is the southernmost continent, surrounded by the Southern Ocean. It contains over 90% of the world's ice and if this ice melted, sea levels would rise by over 60 meters. Antarctica has a very cold climate with temperatures reaching as low as -89.6 degrees Celsius. While there is little permanent human habitation, various animals like penguins, seals and whales live in Antarctica. Scientists from different countries conduct research in Antarctica to study climate change, geology and other topics.
Antartica by judy flores
Antarctica is the coldest, windiest, highest, driest, and iciest continent on Earth. It has an average elevation of over 8,000 feet and receives less than 2 inches of precipitation per year. Antarctica is surrounded by ocean, which prevents the moderating effect of water and contributes to its extremely cold temperatures, with recorded lows of -129°F. Several nations operate research stations staffed by scientists year-round to study the environment, climate, and wildlife such as penguins and whales. Tourists can visit Antarctica by ship for short trips during the summer.
Antarctica
The document discusses Antarctica as the world's last great wilderness. It describes Antarctica as extremely cold, dry, windy, and inaccessible. It is covered in ice and protected by the Antarctic Treaty, which bans mining and designates Antarctica for peace and science. The treaty has been signed by 44 countries representing 80% of the world's population. The document also discusses Antarctic wildlife, climate change research conducted in Antarctica, comparisons to the Arctic, and resources for teaching about Antarctica.
Antarctica ppt.pptx
Antarctica is the southernmost continent, completely covered in ice. It has the coldest recorded temperature of -89.2°C. 98% of the land is covered by ice, containing 87% of the world's freshwater ice. Antarctica is surrounded by oceans and contains mountain ranges, ice shelves, subglacial lakes like Lake Vostok, and seas. The only inhabitants are scientists and tourists living in research stations, as Antarctica has no permanent residents or commercial activity.
Polar lands
A post about the geographical processes of the Polar Lands and the way it works, the human interaction, the biodiversity, threats and protection.
Biome Tundra
Tundra is the coldest of all the biomes. Tundra comes from the Finnish word tunturia, meaning treeless plain. It is noted for its frost-molded landscapes, extremely low temperatures, little precipitation, poor nutrients, and short growing seasons. Dead organic material functions as a nutrient pool. The two major nutrients are nitrogen and phosphorus. Nitrogen is created by biological fixation, and phosphorus is created by precipitation. Tundra is separated into two types: arctic tundra and alpine tundra.
Characteristics of Tundra
Extremely cold climate
Low biotic diversity
Simple vegetation structure
Limitation of drainage
Short season of growth and reproduction
Energy and nutrients in the form of dead organic material
Large population oscillations
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE - Antarctica
Facts, environment, tourism, resource and the treaty, all about Antarctica. A comprehensive description of the environmental component of the white continent. Can be taught from Year 9 to Year 13, in Geography, Social Studies, Global Perspectives or Environmental Science. Subject taught in Geography Year 9 at Pukekohe Christian School by the geography teacher Mr. Dumitrache. PCS is a Cambridge school from Auckland, New Zealand. Please send me a message if you want to download this Power Point presentation for educational purposes.
Antarctica unit 3
1. The document discusses various topics relating to Antarctica including ice shelves breaking off to form icebergs, the main American base at McMurdo, active volcano Mt. Erebus, aircraft ferrying people and equipment, issues like whaling, global warming, and human impact.
2. It provides details on how Antarctica regulates the world's climate as the "weather engine" and influences ocean currents distributing heat globally. Melting sea ice in 2000 trapped penguins, affecting populations.
3. The crash of Air New Zealand Flight 901 in 1979 killed all 257 people aboard on an Antarctic sightseeing flight, one of the worst disasters in Antarctic history.
Antarctica Information 2009
Antarctica is the fifth largest continent located around the South Pole. It has a total surface area of around 14.2 million square kilometers in the summer. Antarctica is divided into two sections, Western Antarctica and Eastern Antarctica. The South Pole is the coldest, windiest, and driest place on Earth, with temperatures reaching as low as -88°C. While there is no permanent population, around 4,000 seasonal visitors travel to Antarctica each year.
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Antarctica releif nature sttlements vegetation animals.pptx
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Chapter 5
The document provides an overview of the geography, early civilizations, and development of religions in ancient India. It describes the physical features of India, including the Himalayan and Hindu Kush mountains and major rivers. It discusses the Indus Valley civilization and the later Vedic civilization brought by Aryan migrations. The document also outlines the emergence of Hinduism and Buddhism, the rise and spread of these religions under empires like the Maurya and Gupta, and their continuing legacy today.
Chapter 23
The document provides details about life in the United States during the Great Depression from 1929 to 1933. It describes how the stock market crash led to widespread unemployment that reached 25% as many industries declined. President Hoover initially responded through voluntary programs but the economic situation continued to deteriorate. When Franklin Roosevelt became president in 1933, he worked with Congress to pass New Deal programs that focused on relief, recovery, and reform. The New Deal provided jobs through programs like the CCC and WPA and sought to reform the financial system through agencies and acts. However, the Depression had severe impacts and the New Deal faced obstacles from the Supreme Court and other critics.
Blog notes
This document provides an overview of ancient Greek geography, society, and government. It can be summarized as follows:
1) The geography of Greece, including its mountainous landscape and lack of natural resources, made unity and trade difficult but also fostered the development of seafaring and city-states.
2) Greek society was organized around the city-state and centered on religion, mythology, and honoring the gods through festivals and the Olympics. Early literature like the Iliad, Odyssey, and Aesop's Fables were also important cultural influences.
3) Athens developed one of the earliest forms of democracy through reforms that increased citizen participation and distributed power, moving from monarchy to limited democracy
Chapter 7
The document summarizes key aspects of ancient Greek geography, society, and government. It describes how Greece's mountainous landscape divided the region into small areas and made unity difficult. It discusses the rise of independent city-states and different forms of government, including monarchies, aristocracies, oligarchies, and tyrannies. It focuses on reforms in Athens that established a limited direct democracy, where male citizens voted directly on laws.
Chapter 21 blog notes
World War I began in 1914 after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and escalated due to rising nationalism, imperialism, and a system of alliances that drew more countries into the war. The U.S. initially remained neutral but entered the war in 1917 on the side of the Allies after German submarine attacks and the Zimmermann Telegram. With the addition of American troops and resources, the Allies were able to turn the tide of war and force Germany to sign an armistice in 1918. The resulting Treaty of Versailles imposed harsh terms on Germany in an attempt to prevent future aggression but ultimately helped pave the way for WWII.
The beginnings of rome
The document provides an overview of the origins and early history of ancient Rome. It discusses:
1) The founding of Rome in 753 BC by the twins Romulus and Remus according to legend, with Romulus killing Remus and tracing the city boundaries around Palatine Hill.
2) How the Etruscans conquered Rome in the 600s BC but the Romans overthrew the Etruscan kings to regain self-rule, marking the beginnings of the Roman Republic.
3) How Rome was established on seven hills along the Tiber River for its strategic location and fertile farmland, and grew from a city to a large empire over centuries of expansion.
American history chapter 20
The United States expanded its overseas interests between 1853-1915. In 1853, Commodore Perry opened trade with Japan through force. The U.S. later purchased Alaska from Russia in 1867. By the late 1800s, expansionists argued the U.S. needed new frontiers overseas for economic growth and to spread American values. This contributed to the U.S. annexation of Hawaii in 1898 and acquisition of territories like Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines after defeating Spain in the Spanish-American War. The U.S. then built the Panama Canal between 1904-1914 to further economic and military interests in Latin America and Asia.
The beginnings of rome
The document summarizes the origins and early history of ancient Rome. It describes how Rome was founded by Romulus around 753 BC and established on Palatine Hill. Over subsequent centuries, Rome grew from a city to a large empire through expansion across the Italian peninsula and defeating Carthage in the Punic Wars. The early Roman Republic established a tripartite government consisting of legislative, judicial, and executive branches to govern the growing city-state.
Chapter 19 blog notes
The document summarizes the key events and reforms of the Progressive Era in the United States from the late 19th to early 20th centuries. It describes the rise of political corruption and the influence of big business that spurred calls for reform. Key reforms included civil service laws, antitrust acts, women's suffrage, conservation efforts, consumer protections, and the 18th Amendment establishing Prohibition. Progressive presidents like Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson supported many of these reforms through new laws and constitutional amendments. Women played an increasing role in reform movements and campaigns for women's rights during this period.
Chapter 6 blog notes
Ancient China was shaped by its geography. The Yellow and Yangtze Rivers supported agriculture and civilization, while surrounding deserts and mountains isolated China. Three influential philosophies emerged during a period of conflict: Legalism emphasized strong government and law; Confucianism focused on social harmony through respect and proper conduct; Daoism viewed nature and individual harmony as most important. The Qin and Han dynasties unified China under centralized rule, expanding the empire while adopting elements of Chinese culture. The Silk Road opened trade routes that spread goods, ideas, and religions like Buddhism across Asia and into Europe. Chinese innovations in agriculture, paper, and silk had lasting global impacts.
Blog notes
The document discusses the expansion of industrialization in the United States during the late 1800s. Key developments included the discovery of natural resources which fueled industry, the use of tariffs to protect American industry, and technological innovations like steel production. Industries like oil, railroads, electricity, communications, and automobiles grew rapidly. Large corporations and monopolies formed, led by entrepreneurs and financed by bankers, though working conditions were often poor. Unions struggled to gain influence among the growing urban workforce.
Blog notes
The document provides an overview of ancient Egypt and the Kush civilization. It describes the geography of Egypt along the Nile River which provided fertile land for agriculture. Egyptian society was organized around pharaoh rule and religion, with jobs including farmers, craftspeople, traders, and priests. Major accomplishments were early forms of writing, math, and science. The Old Kingdom saw the rise of pyramid building under pharaohs like Kufu. The New Kingdom was a period of Egyptian power under rulers like Hatshepsut, Akhenaten, and Ramses II. To the south, the kingdom of Kush also rose in power at times controlling Egypt.
Blog notes chapter 1
Early humans lived as hunter-gatherers but began settling into permanent villages around 10,000 years ago as agriculture developed. Farming allowed for food surpluses which supported larger populations and more complex societies with specialized workers. One such early complex village was Catal Huyuk in Turkey, which had over 8,000 residents and evidence of agriculture, animal domestication, trade, and occupational specialization. The development of permanent settlements and agriculture marked a major transition from nomadic hunter-gatherer lifestyles.
Chapter 17 for blog
Mining and railroads transformed the American West in the late 19th century. Gold and silver strikes attracted miners who established boomtowns near mining sites. The completion of the transcontinental railroad in 1869 connected the West to markets and facilitated further settlement. Farming on the plains was difficult due to scarce water and unpredictable weather, and many homesteaders could not last the required 5 years to own their land. Native Americans struggled as settlers and loss of buffalo encroached on their traditional lands and way of life.
Chapter 17 for blog
Mining and railroads transformed the American West in the late 1800s. Gold and silver strikes attracted miners who established boomtowns near mining sites. The completion of the transcontinental railroad in 1869 connected the West to markets and further accelerated settlement. Native Americans struggled as settlers encroached on their lands, breaking treaties. Battles like the Little Bighorn and Wounded Knee marked the decline of Native cultures. At the same time, cattle ranching became a major industry on the open range of the West.
Blog notes
The document summarizes Reconstruction and the New South after the Civil War. It describes the huge problems in the South after the war ended, including widespread ruin and refugees needing food, shelter, and work. It outlines Lincoln and Johnson's plans for Reconstruction and Congress' push for stricter plans. It discusses the Freedmen's Bureau, black codes, and the 13th, 14th and 15th Amendments. It also summarizes the rise and fall of Radical Reconstruction, the emergence of Jim Crow laws and segregation, and the transition to a "New South" economy.
Section 3
The Reconstruction era came to an end due to declining support for Radical Republican policies and several scandals under President Grant that hurt his reputation. Both Northerners and Southerners wanted the withdrawal of federal troops and amnesty for Confederates. Republicans began losing control of Southern states in 1869 and African American rights were reduced. The disputed 1876 presidential election was decided by a special commission that awarded the election to Republican Hayes, on the condition that he would remove federal troops from the South to end Reconstruction. After the troops withdrew, Southern states implemented Jim Crow laws and practices like poll taxes and literacy tests that suppressed African American voting and instituted segregation. The Supreme Court upheld segregation in Plessy v. Ferguson, establishing the "
Section 2
The document summarizes the political conflict over Reconstruction between President Andrew Johnson and Congress. Johnson proposed a lenient Reconstruction plan that did not protect the rights of freed slaves, while Congress passed laws like the Civil Rights Act of 1866 and the 14th Amendment to guarantee citizenship and equal protection for African Americans. Radical Republicans gained control of Congress and imposed stricter Reconstruction plans, dividing the South under military rule until new governments were formed that protected black rights. However, the Ku Klux Klan used violence and terror to resist Reconstruction, leading to ongoing political battles over civil rights.
Chapter 16 section 1
The document summarizes Reconstruction efforts after the Civil War. It discusses Lincoln's lenient reconstruction plan, opposition from Radical Republicans who wanted a stricter plan, the establishment of the Freedmen's Bureau to provide relief to freed slaves and refugees, and its roles in education, job placement, and dispute resolution. It also notes the assassination of Lincoln in 1865 and Andrew Johnson becoming the new President.
Chapter 15 sections 1 5
The document summarizes key events at the start of the Civil War, including President Lincoln calling for troops after the attack on Fort Sumter, additional states seceding from the Union, and the divided loyalties in border states like Kentucky and Maryland. It also outlines early military strategies between the North and South, including the South's defensive strategy and the North's goal of gaining control of the Mississippi River. The First Battle of Bull Run resulted in the first major defeat for the Union and showed both sides the challenges of the war.
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定制(cardiff学位证书)英国卡迪夫大学毕业证本科学历原版一模一样
原版定制【微信:bwp0011】《(cardiff学位证书)英国卡迪夫大学毕业证本科学历》【微信:bwp0011】成绩单 、雅思、外壳、留信学历认证永久存档查询，采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信bwp0011】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信bwp0011】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
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一比一原版(UST毕业证)圣托马斯大学毕业证如何办理
UST毕业证offer【微信95270640】☀《圣托马斯大学毕业证购买》GoogleQ微信95270640《UST毕业证模板办理》加拿大文凭、本科、硕士、研究生学历都可以做,二、业务范围：
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文凭办理流程：
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4毕业证成绩单电子版您确认信息无误之后安排制作成品；
5成品做好拍照或者视频给您确认；
6快递给客户（国内顺丰国外DHLUPS等快读邮寄）。
7完成交易删除客户资料
高精端提供以下服务：
一：圣托马斯大学圣托马斯大学硕士学位证成绩单全套材料从防伪到印刷水印底纹到钢印烫金
二：真实使馆认证（留学人员回国证明）使馆存档
三：真实教育部认证教育部存档教育部留服网站可查
四：留信认证留学生信息网站可查
五：与学校颁发的相关证件1:1纸质尺寸制定（定期向各大院校毕业生购买最新版本毕,业证成绩单保证您拿到的是鲁昂大学内部最新版本毕业证成绩单微信95270640）
A.为什么留学生需要操作留信认证?
留信认证全称全国留学生信息服务网认证,隶属于北京中科院。①留信认证门槛条件更低,费用更美丽,并且包过,完单周期短,效率高②留信认证虽然不能去国企,但是一般的公司都没有问题,因为国内很多公司连基本的留学生学历认证都不了解。这对于留学生来说,这就比自己光拿一个证书更有说服力,因为留学学历可以在留信网站上进行查询!
B.为什么我们提供的毕业证成绩单具有使用价值？
查询留服认证是国内鉴别留学生海外学历的唯一途径但认证只是个体行为不是所有留学生都操作所以没有办理认证的留学生的学历在国内也是查询不到的他们也仅仅只有一张文凭。所以这时候我们提供的和学校颁发的一模一样的毕业证成绩单就有了使用价值。乌龟和王八贼头贼脑的倒也逗人喜爱日上三竿时山娃总爱窜进自家瓜棚里跟小伙伴们坐着聊天聊着聊着便忍不住往瓜田里逡巡一番抱起一只硕大的西瓜用石刀劈开抑或用拳头砸开每人抱起一大块就啃啃得满嘴满脸猴屁股般的红艳大家一个劲地指着对方吃吃地笑瓜裂得古怪奇形怪状却丝毫不影响瓜味甜丝丝的满嘴生津遍地都是瓜横七竖八的活像掷满了一地的大石块摘走二三只爷爷是断然发现不了的即便发现爷爷也不恼反而教山娃辨认孰熟孰嫩孰甜孰淡水
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Sicily's Coastal Charms: Discovering the Top 5 Beaches on the Island
Sicily's Coastal Charms: Discovering the Top 5 Beaches on the Island
How To Change A Name On American Airlines Ticket.pptx
How To Change A Name On American Airlines Ticket.pptx
Explore Architectural Wonders and Vibrant Culture With Naples Tours
Explore Architectural Wonders and Vibrant Culture With Naples Tours
Frontier Airlines at Boston Logan International Airport (BOS) Comprehensive G...
Frontier Airlines at Boston Logan International Airport (BOS) Comprehensive G...
5-Day Nathdwara Tour Itinerary: From Temples to Traditional Markets
5-Day Nathdwara Tour Itinerary: From Temples to Traditional Markets
What Outdoor Adventures Await Young Adults in Montreal's Surrounding Nature
What Outdoor Adventures Await Young Adults in Montreal's Surrounding Nature