This document defines and describes various types of sleeves including set-in sleeves, plain sleeves, puff sleeves, bishop sleeves, bell sleeves, circle sleeves, square armhole sleeves, cap sleeves, magyar sleeves, raglan sleeves, and kimono sleeves. Set-in sleeves are joined onto the curved armscye and join at the underarm. Plain sleeves have a high rounded sleeve cap and are attached after the bodice is finished. Puff sleeves are gathered at the top and/or hem to create fullness.
This document discusses different types of seams used in garment construction. It begins by defining a seam as a method of joining two pieces of fabric together. There are several types of seams that are used for different purposes, including plain seams, double top seams, French seams, flat fell seams, welt seams, lapped seams, and piped and slot seams. Each seam type is described in terms of how it is constructed and what types of fabrics it is best suited for. Seams are an essential element of garment construction as they join fabric pieces together to create finished garments and accessories.
This document discusses principles of design in fashion, including balance, rhythm, emphasis, proportion, and harmony. Balance can be achieved through symmetrical or asymmetrical features. Rhythm invites the eye to move over a garment through repetition, gradation, or radiation of lines, shapes, colors, or textures. Emphasis concentrates interest on a particular part of a design using contrasts. Proportion refers to the relationship between parts and the whole in terms of size and scale. Harmony creates a pleasing visual unity where all aspects of a design look like they belong together.
WHEN FINISHING THE NECKLINE EDGE OF A GARMENT, THE DESIGNER CAN CHOOSE TO ATTACH A COLLAR. THE SLIDES HIGHLIGHTS ON THE TYPES OF COLLARS AND HOW TO ATTACH THEM.
The document discusses different types of pattern layouts used in cutting fabrics, including open layouts with no fold, lengthwise and crosswise center folds, off-center folds, and double or combination folds. Proper lay planning is important for efficient cutting room management to reduce costs, save fabric, and finish cutting on schedule. The different types of folds are used depending on the placement of patterns, width of fabric, and style of garment being cut.
Factors influencing the selection of clothingsuniltalekar1
The document discusses several key factors that influence the selection of clothes in fashion, including personality, age, size, climate, occupation, figure, occasion, fashion trends, and quality of drape and workmanship. For each factor, considerations are provided around appropriate styles, materials, fits, and details for different contexts. Personality influences whether introverts or extroverts prefer certain colors or styles. Age-appropriate styles are outlined for infants, children, adolescents, adults, and older people. Climate and occupation also impact suitable fabrics and designs. Figure type influences how clothes can highlight or camouflage certain body features. Occasion and cultural norms determine appropriate formality. Quality construction ensures clothes maintain their shape and durability.
This document describes 8 types of collars: round collar, Peter pan collar, scalloped collar, sailor collar, roll collar, shirt collar, band collar, and shawl collar. For each collar type, it provides a brief description of the style and instructions for drafting a basic collar pattern, including dimensions. The collars described include flat collars, standing collars, and a shawl collar integrated with the garment front and back.
There are several key steps in the development of clothing construction:
1) Humans began wearing animal skins and furs for protection, modesty, and appearance starting 100,000-500,000 years ago. Sewing was initially done by hand.
2) The invention of the sewing machine in the 1800s revolutionized garment production by enabling mass manufacturing. This led to the rise of ready-made clothing industries.
3) Proper fitting involves five factors - ease, line, grain, set, and balance. A well-fitted garment is comfortable and looks balanced from all angles.
This document defines and describes various types of sleeves including set-in sleeves, plain sleeves, puff sleeves, bishop sleeves, bell sleeves, circle sleeves, square armhole sleeves, cap sleeves, magyar sleeves, raglan sleeves, and kimono sleeves. Set-in sleeves are joined onto the curved armscye and join at the underarm. Plain sleeves have a high rounded sleeve cap and are attached after the bodice is finished. Puff sleeves are gathered at the top and/or hem to create fullness.
This document discusses different types of seams used in garment construction. It begins by defining a seam as a method of joining two pieces of fabric together. There are several types of seams that are used for different purposes, including plain seams, double top seams, French seams, flat fell seams, welt seams, lapped seams, and piped and slot seams. Each seam type is described in terms of how it is constructed and what types of fabrics it is best suited for. Seams are an essential element of garment construction as they join fabric pieces together to create finished garments and accessories.
This document discusses principles of design in fashion, including balance, rhythm, emphasis, proportion, and harmony. Balance can be achieved through symmetrical or asymmetrical features. Rhythm invites the eye to move over a garment through repetition, gradation, or radiation of lines, shapes, colors, or textures. Emphasis concentrates interest on a particular part of a design using contrasts. Proportion refers to the relationship between parts and the whole in terms of size and scale. Harmony creates a pleasing visual unity where all aspects of a design look like they belong together.
WHEN FINISHING THE NECKLINE EDGE OF A GARMENT, THE DESIGNER CAN CHOOSE TO ATTACH A COLLAR. THE SLIDES HIGHLIGHTS ON THE TYPES OF COLLARS AND HOW TO ATTACH THEM.
The document discusses different types of pattern layouts used in cutting fabrics, including open layouts with no fold, lengthwise and crosswise center folds, off-center folds, and double or combination folds. Proper lay planning is important for efficient cutting room management to reduce costs, save fabric, and finish cutting on schedule. The different types of folds are used depending on the placement of patterns, width of fabric, and style of garment being cut.
Factors influencing the selection of clothingsuniltalekar1
The document discusses several key factors that influence the selection of clothes in fashion, including personality, age, size, climate, occupation, figure, occasion, fashion trends, and quality of drape and workmanship. For each factor, considerations are provided around appropriate styles, materials, fits, and details for different contexts. Personality influences whether introverts or extroverts prefer certain colors or styles. Age-appropriate styles are outlined for infants, children, adolescents, adults, and older people. Climate and occupation also impact suitable fabrics and designs. Figure type influences how clothes can highlight or camouflage certain body features. Occasion and cultural norms determine appropriate formality. Quality construction ensures clothes maintain their shape and durability.
This document describes 8 types of collars: round collar, Peter pan collar, scalloped collar, sailor collar, roll collar, shirt collar, band collar, and shawl collar. For each collar type, it provides a brief description of the style and instructions for drafting a basic collar pattern, including dimensions. The collars described include flat collars, standing collars, and a shawl collar integrated with the garment front and back.
There are several key steps in the development of clothing construction:
1) Humans began wearing animal skins and furs for protection, modesty, and appearance starting 100,000-500,000 years ago. Sewing was initially done by hand.
2) The invention of the sewing machine in the 1800s revolutionized garment production by enabling mass manufacturing. This led to the rise of ready-made clothing industries.
3) Proper fitting involves five factors - ease, line, grain, set, and balance. A well-fitted garment is comfortable and looks balanced from all angles.
This document defines and describes various types of collars including Peter Pan collars, scalloped collars, Puritan collars, sailor collars, full shirt collars, open collars, Mandarin/Chinese collars, turtleneck collars, shawl collars, and simple yoke collars. It provides details on the basic shapes and structures of these different collars.
There are two main types of pockets: flat pockets and expandable pockets. Flat pockets are not expandable and can hold slim items like notebooks or phones. Expandable pockets, like bellows or baseball pockets, have pleats or tucks that allow them to expand and hold bulkier items like glasses or wallets. Some other pocket types include slash pockets with a window opening, side seam pockets sewn into the garment seams above the hip, and trouser or hip pockets drafted to the front of pants or skirts.
The document provides guidelines for becoming and unbecoming design elements for women's clothing. Becoming designs include princess lines, full-length coats, narrow belts, pleated skirts, and delicate fabrics. Unbecoming designs include clinging styles, large prints, long waistlines, bulky fabrics, ruffles, and broad shoulders. The document lists specific design features and fabrics that are considered becoming or unbecoming under different headings.
This document discusses the basics of pattern making for garments. It states that pattern making is an art that involves manipulating flat fabric pieces to conform to the human body. A good pattern is important for translating designs into properly fitting garments. The key methods of pattern making are drafting using measurements, draping fabric on a form, and flat pattern making using a basic sloper pattern. Modern software tools now help automate and simplify the pattern making process. Accurate measurements and a well-fitted sloper remain essential foundations for successful pattern making.
Pattern making is the process of creating paper patterns that are then used to produce garments. It involves manipulating flat pieces of fabric or paper to conform to the three-dimensional shapes of the human body. Traditionally, pattern makers would carefully craft custom patterns for individual clients. With industrialization, standardized sizing became important for ready-to-wear clothing production. Today, computer software allows for faster, more accurate pattern design and grading for various sizes. The flat pattern method remains widely used in ready-to-wear fashion due to its speed and precision. Core tools for pattern makers include large-scale paper, rulers, pins, and measuring tapes.
This unit seeks to enable learners to understand the importance of taking accurate body measurement and also know how to take body measurement for accurate fit in sewing and pattern drafting.
This presentation discusses the four main types of fabrics: woven, knitted, non-woven, and braided. Knitted fabrics are made by interlocking loops of yarn and can be weft or warp knitted. Common knit fabrics used in clothing include jersey, pique, and rib fabrics. Non-woven fabrics are made by bonding fibers together and are used in products like diapers, wipes, and filters. Braided fabrics are made by interweaving three or more yarns in an overlapping pattern and are used for applications requiring strength and flexibility.
Introduction, Classification,Characteristics, plain weave,Modification of plain weave, warp rip weave, weft rip weave, uses, matt rib weave, Twill weave, Classification of twill weave, right hand and left hand twill herring bone, satin and sateen weave and End uses of satin and sateen weave
This session seeks to enlighten the learner on what pattern is, its improtance and and ways of obtaining them. it also help you to identify the tools and materials needed for pattern making
The document defines various terms related to patternmaking including parts of a garment like the bodice and waistline. It also covers patternmaking techniques such as draping, drafting, notches, and seam allowances. Finally, it discusses drafting a skirt from measurements including measuring the waist, hip, and half hip circumference of a dress form.
There are eight main types of seams used in garment construction. The document describes each type in detail, including Class 1 superimposed seams which are most common, Class 2 lapped seams which involve overlapping fabric edges, and Class 3 bound seams where one edge is wrapped by another fabric. It also outlines six classes of stitches including lock stitches, chain stitches, and overlock stitches. Common sewing problems are discussed such as skipped stitches, fabric puckering, and physical damage to fabrics during the sewing process.
Pressing is an important finishing process in the apparel industry that uses heat, moisture, and pressure to shape fabrics and remove wrinkles. There are different types of pressing required for different garments depending on their design and material. These include no pressing for items like underwear, minimum pressing using steam for nightgowns, under pressing parts of garments before sewing, final pressing after assembly, and permanent pressing to maintain shapes after washing. Proper pressing helps increase garment aesthetics by removing creases and shaping darts and seams. A variety of pressing equipment is used including irons, steam presses, dolly presses, and tunnel finishers.
This document discusses different types of knitting. It begins by explaining the basic process of knitting and different yarns and needles that can be used. It then describes various types of knitting machines including flat-bed and circular machines. The document focuses on classifying knitting into weft and warp knitting. It provides details on specific knitting stitches like jersey, purl, rib, and interlock. Warp knitting types like tricot, raschel, and milanese are also outlined. Finally, it briefly mentions double knit jacquard knitting machines.
Pattern making is a technical process that connects garment design to production. It involves creating paper templates for all garment components that will be cut from fabric. There are three main methods of preparing patterns: drafting, draping, and using commercial patterns. Computer software is now commonly used to assist with tasks like pattern grading and marker making to efficiently produce patterns in multiple sizes.
fullness in garment ( tuck dart pleats etc)Ragu Nathan
Sewing. to make full, as by gathering or pleating. to bring (the cloth) on one side of a seam to a little greater fullness than on the other by gathering or tucking very slightly.
The document discusses various elements of clothing design including shape, line, and texture. It describes how different shapes, lines, and textures can be used to visually alter the perceived size and proportions of the body. For example, wide shapes can make a person look larger while straight lines can create the illusion of height. Smooth textures minimize size while rough textures subdue colors. Overall, careful manipulation of these design elements allows garments to emphasize or disguise certain body features for a tailored fit and flattering silhouette.
Seams are the basic element in garment construction and are used to join two or more pieces of fabric together. There are several different types of seams including plain seams, which are the most basic; French seams, which create a neat finish and are used for transparent fabrics; and flat fell seams, which are popular for denim garments. Other seam types are self bound, mock French, welt, bias bound, tricot bound, stitched and pinked, turn and stitched, and zigzag seams.
Class 100 - Chain stitch
1.One of the simplest stitch types, the chain stitch has one or more needle threads and is formed by Intra looping.
2.This stitch is very Insecure and unravels easily if a stitch is broken or skipped or if the last loop is not fastened securely.
3.This stitch is used for sewing buttons and buttonholes, hemming, basting and pad stitching.
Class 200 - Rand Stitch
1.Generally formed by hand, the hand stitch is made with a needle that is passed from one side of the material to the other as a single line of thread.
2.The most important machine to duplicate this stitch is a pick stitching machine, which is used as a decorative detail on the other edges of jackets.
This document is a project report submitted by Tanuja Sahu, a second year student of fashion design, towards the partial fulfillment of her diploma. The report discusses various types of seams and stitches based on the British standards 3870:1991. It provides definitions and examples of different seam types classified under 8 categories in the British standard. These include superimposed seams, lapped seams, bound seams, flat seams, decorative seams, edge neatening seams, and seams for adding separate items or making loops. The report also lists common stitch types from the British standard classified based on the number of threads used.
This document is a project report submitted by Geeta Kumari, a student of fashion design, on the topic of garment technology. The report provides information on different types of seams and stitches, including definitions and examples. It discusses plain seams, lapped seams, French seams, flat felled seams, and more. It also covers topics like stitch per inch, classes of stitches, types of seams including superimposed seams, lapped seams, and bound seams. The report was submitted to fulfill requirements for Geeta Kumari's two-year diploma in fashion design.
This document defines and describes various types of collars including Peter Pan collars, scalloped collars, Puritan collars, sailor collars, full shirt collars, open collars, Mandarin/Chinese collars, turtleneck collars, shawl collars, and simple yoke collars. It provides details on the basic shapes and structures of these different collars.
There are two main types of pockets: flat pockets and expandable pockets. Flat pockets are not expandable and can hold slim items like notebooks or phones. Expandable pockets, like bellows or baseball pockets, have pleats or tucks that allow them to expand and hold bulkier items like glasses or wallets. Some other pocket types include slash pockets with a window opening, side seam pockets sewn into the garment seams above the hip, and trouser or hip pockets drafted to the front of pants or skirts.
The document provides guidelines for becoming and unbecoming design elements for women's clothing. Becoming designs include princess lines, full-length coats, narrow belts, pleated skirts, and delicate fabrics. Unbecoming designs include clinging styles, large prints, long waistlines, bulky fabrics, ruffles, and broad shoulders. The document lists specific design features and fabrics that are considered becoming or unbecoming under different headings.
This document discusses the basics of pattern making for garments. It states that pattern making is an art that involves manipulating flat fabric pieces to conform to the human body. A good pattern is important for translating designs into properly fitting garments. The key methods of pattern making are drafting using measurements, draping fabric on a form, and flat pattern making using a basic sloper pattern. Modern software tools now help automate and simplify the pattern making process. Accurate measurements and a well-fitted sloper remain essential foundations for successful pattern making.
Pattern making is the process of creating paper patterns that are then used to produce garments. It involves manipulating flat pieces of fabric or paper to conform to the three-dimensional shapes of the human body. Traditionally, pattern makers would carefully craft custom patterns for individual clients. With industrialization, standardized sizing became important for ready-to-wear clothing production. Today, computer software allows for faster, more accurate pattern design and grading for various sizes. The flat pattern method remains widely used in ready-to-wear fashion due to its speed and precision. Core tools for pattern makers include large-scale paper, rulers, pins, and measuring tapes.
This unit seeks to enable learners to understand the importance of taking accurate body measurement and also know how to take body measurement for accurate fit in sewing and pattern drafting.
This presentation discusses the four main types of fabrics: woven, knitted, non-woven, and braided. Knitted fabrics are made by interlocking loops of yarn and can be weft or warp knitted. Common knit fabrics used in clothing include jersey, pique, and rib fabrics. Non-woven fabrics are made by bonding fibers together and are used in products like diapers, wipes, and filters. Braided fabrics are made by interweaving three or more yarns in an overlapping pattern and are used for applications requiring strength and flexibility.
Introduction, Classification,Characteristics, plain weave,Modification of plain weave, warp rip weave, weft rip weave, uses, matt rib weave, Twill weave, Classification of twill weave, right hand and left hand twill herring bone, satin and sateen weave and End uses of satin and sateen weave
This session seeks to enlighten the learner on what pattern is, its improtance and and ways of obtaining them. it also help you to identify the tools and materials needed for pattern making
The document defines various terms related to patternmaking including parts of a garment like the bodice and waistline. It also covers patternmaking techniques such as draping, drafting, notches, and seam allowances. Finally, it discusses drafting a skirt from measurements including measuring the waist, hip, and half hip circumference of a dress form.
There are eight main types of seams used in garment construction. The document describes each type in detail, including Class 1 superimposed seams which are most common, Class 2 lapped seams which involve overlapping fabric edges, and Class 3 bound seams where one edge is wrapped by another fabric. It also outlines six classes of stitches including lock stitches, chain stitches, and overlock stitches. Common sewing problems are discussed such as skipped stitches, fabric puckering, and physical damage to fabrics during the sewing process.
Pressing is an important finishing process in the apparel industry that uses heat, moisture, and pressure to shape fabrics and remove wrinkles. There are different types of pressing required for different garments depending on their design and material. These include no pressing for items like underwear, minimum pressing using steam for nightgowns, under pressing parts of garments before sewing, final pressing after assembly, and permanent pressing to maintain shapes after washing. Proper pressing helps increase garment aesthetics by removing creases and shaping darts and seams. A variety of pressing equipment is used including irons, steam presses, dolly presses, and tunnel finishers.
This document discusses different types of knitting. It begins by explaining the basic process of knitting and different yarns and needles that can be used. It then describes various types of knitting machines including flat-bed and circular machines. The document focuses on classifying knitting into weft and warp knitting. It provides details on specific knitting stitches like jersey, purl, rib, and interlock. Warp knitting types like tricot, raschel, and milanese are also outlined. Finally, it briefly mentions double knit jacquard knitting machines.
Pattern making is a technical process that connects garment design to production. It involves creating paper templates for all garment components that will be cut from fabric. There are three main methods of preparing patterns: drafting, draping, and using commercial patterns. Computer software is now commonly used to assist with tasks like pattern grading and marker making to efficiently produce patterns in multiple sizes.
fullness in garment ( tuck dart pleats etc)Ragu Nathan
Sewing. to make full, as by gathering or pleating. to bring (the cloth) on one side of a seam to a little greater fullness than on the other by gathering or tucking very slightly.
The document discusses various elements of clothing design including shape, line, and texture. It describes how different shapes, lines, and textures can be used to visually alter the perceived size and proportions of the body. For example, wide shapes can make a person look larger while straight lines can create the illusion of height. Smooth textures minimize size while rough textures subdue colors. Overall, careful manipulation of these design elements allows garments to emphasize or disguise certain body features for a tailored fit and flattering silhouette.
Seams are the basic element in garment construction and are used to join two or more pieces of fabric together. There are several different types of seams including plain seams, which are the most basic; French seams, which create a neat finish and are used for transparent fabrics; and flat fell seams, which are popular for denim garments. Other seam types are self bound, mock French, welt, bias bound, tricot bound, stitched and pinked, turn and stitched, and zigzag seams.
Class 100 - Chain stitch
1.One of the simplest stitch types, the chain stitch has one or more needle threads and is formed by Intra looping.
2.This stitch is very Insecure and unravels easily if a stitch is broken or skipped or if the last loop is not fastened securely.
3.This stitch is used for sewing buttons and buttonholes, hemming, basting and pad stitching.
Class 200 - Rand Stitch
1.Generally formed by hand, the hand stitch is made with a needle that is passed from one side of the material to the other as a single line of thread.
2.The most important machine to duplicate this stitch is a pick stitching machine, which is used as a decorative detail on the other edges of jackets.
This document is a project report submitted by Tanuja Sahu, a second year student of fashion design, towards the partial fulfillment of her diploma. The report discusses various types of seams and stitches based on the British standards 3870:1991. It provides definitions and examples of different seam types classified under 8 categories in the British standard. These include superimposed seams, lapped seams, bound seams, flat seams, decorative seams, edge neatening seams, and seams for adding separate items or making loops. The report also lists common stitch types from the British standard classified based on the number of threads used.
This document is a project report submitted by Geeta Kumari, a student of fashion design, on the topic of garment technology. The report provides information on different types of seams and stitches, including definitions and examples. It discusses plain seams, lapped seams, French seams, flat felled seams, and more. It also covers topics like stitch per inch, classes of stitches, types of seams including superimposed seams, lapped seams, and bound seams. The report was submitted to fulfill requirements for Geeta Kumari's two-year diploma in fashion design.
This document provides information on selecting and constructing different types of seams and seam finishes. It discusses factors to consider when selecting a seam, such as the fabric type, intended use, and care of the garment. Common seams like plain, French, and flat-fell are described along with their construction steps. Specialty seams and different types of seam finishes are also outlined, including techniques for woven and knit fabrics. The document emphasizes that seams and finishes should be smooth, even, and protect the fabric edges from raveling or curling.
This project report discusses seams and stitches. It defines seams and their importance in garment construction. It describes 17 types of seams including plain, lapped, French, and flat felled seams. It also discusses stitches per inch and classes of stitches according to the British Standard 3870 Part 1. The classes include chain, lock, and overlock stitches. The report provides examples of typical stitch classes and their uses such as Class 301 for seaming and Class 504 for finishing seams. Overall, the document provides a comprehensive overview of different seams and stitch types used in garment construction.
This project report summarizes various classes of stitches and types of seams according to British standards. It discusses stitches per inch guidelines for different fabrics, defines different types of seams like plain, french, and flat felled seams. It also explains 8 classes of stitches - from superimposed and lapped seams to edge neatening and decorative seams. Specific lockstitch, chainstitch and coverstitch formations are also outlined. The report aims to provide information on standard stitches and seams for fashion design students.
This document discusses various types of seams and stitches used in garment construction. It begins by defining what a seam is and explaining factors to consider when choosing seams. It then provides details on 18 specific seam types, including plain seams, lapped seams, French seams, and flat felled seams. It also covers stitch per inch guidelines and 8 classes of seams as defined by British standards. In summary, the document serves as a guide to the different seams and stitches used in apparel manufacturing.
The document discusses different types of seams and seam finishes used in sewing, including plain seams, French seams, lapped seams, and flat fell seams. It explains the characteristics and appropriate uses for each type of seam. The document emphasizes that understanding various seams and finishes is important for properly constructing garments from different fabrics.
terms and definitions of apparel manufacturing.pptxMehbubaManir
This document provides information on different types of drafting plans used in weaving. It describes straight, skip, stain, pointed, broken, divided, grouped, combined and curved drafting plans. The straight draft is the simplest where each warp yarn is placed in an individual heald frame. Skip draft is used when warp density is high. Pointed draft reverses the straight draft after half the repeat warp. Broken draft produces fabrics with patterns like herringbone. Divided, grouped and combined drafts are used to weave complex patterns and fabrics with stripes or checks. Curved draft is applied for large repeat units to reduce the number of heald frames.
This document is a project report submitted by Dimpal Chouhan, a student at Dezyne E'cole College, on stitches and seam classes. The report begins with an acknowledgment and introduction. It then discusses stitches per inch, different types of seams suitable for various fabrics, and 7 classes of seams as defined by the British Standard. Each seam class has multiple seam types described in detail. The report concludes with applications and advantages/disadvantages of different stitch types. In summary, the document provides an in-depth overview of various stitches and seam constructions as part of Dimpal Chouhan's coursework at Dezyne E'cole College.
The document discusses 8 different types of seams classified by the British Standards Institution. It begins by introducing seams and their purpose in apparel manufacturing. It then provides definitions and diagrams for each of the 8 seam classes: Class 1 - Plain Seam, Class 2 - Lapped Seam, Class 3 - Bound Seam, Class 4 - Flat Seam, Class 5 - Ornamental Seam, Class 6 - Edge Neating Seam, Class 7 - Applied Seam, Class 8 - Waistband Seam. Popular sewing machines used in garment industry such as buttonhole and overlock machines are also described.
It's under clothing manufacturing
It's under clothing manufacturing
It's under clothing manufacturing
It's under clothing manufacturing
It's under clothing manufacturing
It's under clothing manufacturing
It's under clothing manufacturing
It's under clothing manufacturing in fashion
It's under clothing manufacturing in fashion
It's under clothing manufacturing in fashion
It's under clothing manufacturing in fashion
It's under clothing manufacturing in fashion
It's under clothing manufacturing in fashion
It's under clothing manufacturing in fashion
It's under clothing manufacturing in fashion
It's under clothing manufacturing in fashion
The document discusses various topics related to advanced garment manufacturing including:
1) The three main divisions of apparel manufacturers - design, production, and sales. All divisions work together to design, produce, and sell clothing.
2) The design process and responsibilities of fashion designers which includes producing concepts, making sketches, developing patterns, overseeing production, and analyzing trends.
3) The different types of seams used in garment construction like plain seams, French seams, and decorative stitched seams. It also discusses techniques for adding fullness like darts, tucks, pleats and gathers.
4) Sequential operations in garment construction and the various classes of seams
This document discusses different types of seams used in garment construction. It begins by defining a seam as the place where two pieces of fabric are joined together with stitches. It then provides details on 7 common types of seams - superimposed seam, lapped seam, bound seam, flat seam, decorative seam, edge neatening seam, and a seam similar to a lapped seam. For each seam type, it provides a definition and examples of typical usages. It concludes by discussing best practices for seams and factors that can affect the appearance of a seam.
This document defines different types of seams and how they are constructed. It discusses plain seams, top stitched seams, flat fell seams, French seams, mantua maker's seams, and piped seams. For each seam type, it provides details on how to construct the seam, including placing fabric pieces together, stitching, pressing, and finishing raw edges. The document is intended to explain the working of common seam types and provide instructions for making different seams.
This document discusses different types of edge finishes used in clothing construction. It defines edge finishes as treatments given to raw edges of garments to make them look neat. Some common edge finishes mentioned include hemming, facings, bindings, and lacing. Hemming involves folding the edge twice and sewing it down. A facing involves attaching a duplicate layer of fabric to cover the raw edge. Binding uses a separate strip of fabric attached around edges. Lace can also be attached as an edge finish. Factors like the edge type and fabric are considered when choosing an edge finish.
1) Plain single jersey is a basic weft knitted fabric where the front side has face loops forming a "V" shape and the back side has back loops forming semi-circles.
2) It is produced using a plain circular latch needle machine with one set of needles knitting at each feed to form a single loop per course.
3) Single jersey fabric is lightweight, comfortable, and inexpensive to produce, making it widely used for apparel and other applications. Variations can be made by modifying the knitting order.
1) Single jersey is a plain weft knitted fabric with loops on one side and back loops on the other.
2) It is produced using a plain circular knitting machine with one set of latch needles.
3) Single jersey fabric is lightweight, comfortable, and inexpensive to produce, making it widely used around the world for apparel and other products.
There are several types of seams used in garment construction, each with a specific purpose and application. Flat seams join fabric edges without extra thickness. Superimposed seams create neat, load-bearing seams. Lapped seams are used for rainwear. Lap felled seams involve one stitch for a strong seam. Bound seams produce a neat finished edge. Decorative seams add ornamental detail. Edge finishing seams neaten cut edges. Common seam problems include puckering, slippage, and skipped stitches, which can be addressed through tension and feed adjustments or material choices.
There are several types of seams used in garment construction, each with a specific purpose and application. Flat seams join fabric edges without extra thickness. Superimposed seams create neat, load-bearing seams. Lapped seams are used for rainwear. Lap felled seams involve one stitch for a strong, protected seam. Bound seams produce a neat finished edge. Decorative seams add ornamental detail. Edge finishing seams neaten cut edges. Common seam problems include puckering, slippage, and skipped stitches, which can be addressed through tension and feed adjustments or material choices.
This document provides information on various sewing machine types, stitches, seam types, and garment construction elements. It discusses lockstitch, overlock, and embroidery machines. It also defines common stitches like chainstitch and coverstitch. Additionally, it outlines standard seam types from the ASTM and details shaping techniques, sleeves, collars, pockets and more. The document aims to educate fashion professionals on machine operations and construction elements for apparel design and production.
Weft knitting is a method of knitting fabric where loops are formed horizontally from a single yarn. There are several types of weft knitted fabrics including plain knits, purl knits, interlock knits, and rib knits. Plain knits have different face and back sides while rib knits have the same appearance on both sides due to the use of two sets of needles forming alternating wales of stitches. Rib knits have excellent stretch widthwise and are heavier, warmer, and more expensive than plain knits. Weft knitting is used to produce various garments and textiles.
Warp knitting is a method of knitting where loops are formed vertically along the length of fabric from warp yarns. There are several types of warp knitting including tricot, raschel, and milanese knits. Tricot knits use compound needles and are used for fabrics like lingerie, loungewear, and uniforms. Raschel knits use latch needles and heavier yarns, producing more textured fabrics for applications like carpets, home textiles, and outerwear. Milanese knits form diagonal patterns and are often made from filament yarns into lightweight fabrics.
The document discusses different methods of measuring yarn count, which is a measure of yarn thickness or fineness. There are three main systems - indirect, direct, and universal. The indirect system measures the length of yarn in a unit of weight, so a higher count means finer yarn. The direct system measures weight in a unit of length, so a higher count means coarser yarn. The universal or tex system was introduced as a standard that can be used for all fibers. The document then describes various instruments used to measure count, including the wrap reel, analytical balance, quadrant balance, and Beesley balance.
This document discusses various concepts related to humidity and its measurement in textile testing. It defines key terms like absolute humidity, relative humidity, moisture content and moisture regain. It also outlines standard atmospheric conditions used for textile testing and standard regain values for different materials. Finally, it describes common instruments used to measure humidity, such as the wet and dry bulb hygrometer and sling hygrometer.
This document provides information about knitting and common knitting defects. It begins by defining knitting as a technique that uses intermeshed loops of yarn to form fabric. It then compares characteristics of woven and knitted fabrics. The document classifies types of knitted fabrics and defines important knitting terms. Finally, it describes and provides causes and remedies for several common knitting defects such as drop stitches, barriness, imperfections, and contamination.
The document discusses various components and trims used in garment construction beyond the main fabric. It describes items like labels, linings, interlinings, wadding, lace, braids, elastic, fasteners, seam binding and tapes, buttons, and more. These additional elements serve functional and decorative purposes and are made from various materials. Proper use and attachment of trims is important for the overall construction and appearance of garments.
This document discusses testing the bursting strength and tearing strength of fabrics. It describes two common methods for measuring bursting strength - mechanical and hydraulic burst testing. Hydraulic burst testing involves clamping a fabric sample over an inflating rubber diaphragm and increasing the liquid pressure until the fabric bursts. The tearing strength is measured using an Elmendorf tearing tester, which involves clamping a fabric sample and creating a tear using the falling weight of a pendulum from a fixed height. Sample preparation and testing procedures are provided for both bursting strength and tearing strength tests.
This document discusses resist printing and batik printing techniques. It explains that resist printing involves applying a substance called a "resist" to parts of the fabric to prevent dye absorption. There are two main types of resist printing: batik printing and tie-dye printing. Batik printing involves applying melted wax in desired patterns using tools like brushes or stamps before dyeing. Tie-dye involves binding, folding or knotting parts of the fabric to prevent dye penetration and create patterns. The document provides detailed descriptions and examples of different batik and tie-dye techniques.
This document defines and explains various fashion-related terms used in the fashion industry. It provides definitions for terms like fashion, style, fad, classic, collection, chic, mannequin, fashion show, trend, haute couture, and fashion forecasting. It was prepared by Rasmin Thahani Z, an assistant professor at Syed Ammal Arts and Science College in Ramanathapuram. The document aims to educate readers on key terminology used when discussing fashion.
Sexuality - Issues, Attitude and Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psyc...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...Sérgio Sacani
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
Travis Hills of MN is Making Clean Water Accessible to All Through High Flux ...Travis Hills MN
By harnessing the power of High Flux Vacuum Membrane Distillation, Travis Hills from MN envisions a future where clean and safe drinking water is accessible to all, regardless of geographical location or economic status.
The technology uses reclaimed CO₂ as the dyeing medium in a closed loop process. When pressurized, CO₂ becomes supercritical (SC-CO₂). In this state CO₂ has a very high solvent power, allowing the dye to dissolve easily.
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptxPRIYANKA PATEL
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
(June 12, 2024) Webinar: Development of PET theranostics targeting the molecu...Scintica Instrumentation
Targeting Hsp90 and its pathogen Orthologs with Tethered Inhibitors as a Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategy for cancer and infectious diseases with Dr. Timothy Haystead.
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defectsSérgio Sacani
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...Advanced-Concepts-Team
Presentation in the Science Coffee of the Advanced Concepts Team of the European Space Agency on the 07.06.2024.
Speaker: Diego Blas (IFAE/ICREA)
Title: Gravitational wave detection with orbital motion of Moon and artificial
Abstract:
In this talk I will describe some recent ideas to find gravitational waves from supermassive black holes or of primordial origin by studying their secular effect on the orbital motion of the Moon or satellites that are laser ranged.
Current Ms word generated power point presentation covers major details about the micronuclei test. It's significance and assays to conduct it. It is used to detect the micronuclei formation inside the cells of nearly every multicellular organism. It's formation takes place during chromosomal sepration at metaphase.
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically youngSérgio Sacani
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
3. SEAM - Definition
A seam is a method of joining two or
more pieces of materials together by a
row of stitching.
In garment construction, one of the
major steps is the joining of different
sections by seam.
Examples: shoulder seam, side seam,
under arm seam, waist line seam, etc.
4. SEAM – contd..
The purpose of most of these seams is
purely functional and we may call them
constructional seams.
These should be as inconspicuous and
as flat as possible.
However there are some seams which are
used for decorative purposes.
These are made conspicuous in order to
give the garment design and line.
5. Types of seams
The commonly used seams are:
Plain seam (Finished or unfinished)
Top stitched seam
Flat fell seam
French seam
Mantua Maker’s seam
Piped seam
6. Types of seams – Contd…
These may be classified into
Flat seams
Ridge seams.
Examples of flat seams
Plain seam
Flat fell seam
Examples of Ridge seams
French seam and
Mantua makers seam.
7. Types of seams – Contd…
Seams may also be divided into
Conspicuous and
Inconspicuous.
When inconspicuous seams like plain
seam and French seam are finished no
stitches will be visible on the right
side of the fabric.
8. VARIOUS FACTORS TO BE
USED ON SEAM
The types of seam to be used on a
garment will depend on various factors.
The most important ones are listed below
with examples illustrating their roles
in the choice of the seam to be used.
1. Texture and Durability of the fabric:
When working with a heavy fabric, For
example, you should avoid bulky seams
like French seam
9. VARIOUS FACTORS TO BE
USED ON SEAM – contd..
2. Design and use of the garment:
when making a boy’s sports shirt, a strong
seam like flat fell seam should be used.
3. Shape of the seam:
Seams may be straight or curved. Straight
seams may be in vertical, horizontal or
slanting directions on the dress. When
joining curved edges, plain seam will give a
better finish than French seam and other
types of seams.
10. VARIOUS FACTORS TO BE
USED ON SEAM – contd..
4. Location of the seam:
Seams in parts of the garment which may
get stretched during body movement will have
to be made more durable than others.
5. Current fashion:
The modern trend is to use a simple seam that
produces a graceful and well fitting garment.
12. Seam Finishes - Definition
Seam finishes are made to prevent
fraying of the raw edges and thus
make the seams more durable.
They also provide a neat appearance
to the inside of the garment.
Choose a seam finish that is quick
and will not add too much bulk to
the garment.
13. Types of seam finishes
There are several types of seam
finishes in use
Pinked Finish
Edge stitched finish
Double stitch finish
Overcast finish
Herring bone finished seam
Bound seam edge finish
14. Pinked Finish
This is a quick method and is not
bulky, but is not a suitable finish
for fabrics that ravel badly.
After stitching plain seam trim off
about 1/8 inch of the seam allowance
using the pinking shears.
Then press the seam edge.
16. Edge stitched finish
The seam is stitched and pressed open.
Then turn under ¼ inch on each seam
edge and top stitch close to the fold
without catching the garment.
This finish is used on unlined coats
and jackets where a wide seam allowance
is available.
This is a bulky finish and is suitable
for deeply curved seams.
18. Double stitch finish
After making a plain seam, work
an extra line of stitching
about ¼ inch from the raw edge.
This can be done for a plain
unfinished seam or pinked seam.
This is not suitable for bulky
fabrics.
20. Overcast finish
This is a common method used for both
thick and thin materials that fray
easily.
It is suitable for narrow seams and also
for seams that receive hard wear or extra
strain such as armholes and waist lines.
After making the plain seam, press the
seam open and work over casting stitches
over the raw edges of the two seam
allowances separately.
21. Overcast finish – contd…
Avoid tight stitches in order
to prevent edges from
puckering.
On seams of armholes or yokes,
press the seam allowances to
one side and overcast the two
edges together.
22. Overcast finish – contd…
Instead of overcasting, blanket
stitch or zigzag machining can
be done on the raw edges of the
seam allowances.
23. Herring bone finished
seam
This finish neatens the raw edges
and also holds down the turnings
making the seam flat.
This is suitable for heavy materials
like flannel.
After pressing the seam open,
herring bone stitches are worked on
the two raw edges, catching the
garment.
25. Bound seam edge finish
In this method the seam is
pressed open and bias binding
attached to both the seam edges.
For thin fabrics seam allowances
could be pressed together and
bias binding attached to it.