Sea floor spreading2

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Sea-floor spreading is the process that continually adds new material to the ocean floor. Molten material rises up from the mantle at mid-ocean ridges and erupts, pushing the oceanic plates apart as it cools and forms new crust. Evidence for sea-floor spreading includes pillow basalts and magnetic stripe patterns in the ocean crust that record reversals in Earth's magnetic field. Drilling samples also show that rocks get progressively older farther from mid-ocean ridges. Subduction is the process where oceanic plates plunge back into the mantle at deep-sea trenches, allowing the ocean floor to continuously renew itself over hundreds of millions of years.

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Scientists found a system of ridges or mountains in the seafloor similar to those found in the continents.These are called mid-ocean ridges. One of these is the famous Mid-Atlantic Ridge, an undersea mountain chain in the Atlantic Ocean. It has a gigantic cleft about 32-48 km long and 1.6 km deep. The ridge is offset by fracture zones or rift valleys. In the early 1960’s, scientist Harry Hess, together with Robert Dietz, suggested an explanation to the continental drift. This is the Seafloor Spreading Theory.In the early 1960’s, scientist Harry Hess, together with Robert Dietz, suggested an explanation to the continental drift. This is the Seafloor Spreading Theory. This material flows sideways carrying the seafloor away from the ridge, and creates a crack in the crust. The magma flows out of the crack, cools down and becomes the new seafloor. Overtime, the new oceanic crust pushed the old oceanic crust far from the ridge. The process of seafloor spreading allowed the creation of new bodies of water. For example, the Red Sea was created as the African plate and the Arabian plate moved away from each other. Seafloor spreading is also pulling the continents of Australia, South America, and Antarctica away from each other in the East Pacific Rise. The East Pacific Rise is one of the most active sites of seafloor spreading, with more than 14 centimeters every year. Findings that support Seafloor Spreading Theory: 1. Rocks are younger at the mid-ocean ridge. 2. Rocks far from the mid-ocean ridge are older. 3. Sediments are thinner at the ridge. 4. Rocks at the ocean floor are younger than those at the continents.

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