This document describes ultrasound findings for various conditions of the scrotum. It discusses characteristics of seminoma, embryonal cell carcinoma, and teratoma tumors. It also outlines findings for benign testicular conditions like cysts, tubular ectasia, abscesses, torsion, microlithiasis, and epididymitis. Vascular conditions like varicocele and hydrocele are also summarized. Key indicators provided for different conditions include appearance, presence of cysts or calcifications, and blood flow patterns.

1. Scrotum echo
Ultrasound Quarterly 2004;20:181-200

2. Seminoma
Most common
Most well marginated
Most hypoechoiec
No cyst or calcifications

3. Microlithiasis was thought to
Be related to SEMINOMA
In the patient,
There is no obvious mass or
hypoechoiec lesion in the echo

4. Embryonal cell carcinoma
Inhomogenous
Poorly marginated
Cystic lesions
>>check lab

5. teratoma
Most teratoma + embryonal carcinoma
Well defined but heterogenous texture
Cyst: +, calcifications:+

6. Benign testicular condition

7. Cyst of tunica albuginea
Maybe in the testis or extra-testis,
almost less than 2cm
Maybe multifocal

8. Tubular ectasia
of the rete testis
>>
Multiple dilated tubular
structure in the
mediastinum testis
No flow

9. Testicular abscess:
Combined with UTI
Complications of torsion, testicular
hemorrhage, secondary to trauma
Clinical finding:
Fever and leukocytosis

10. torsion

12. • In the first 6 hrs, testis would become
heterogenous hypoechoiec echo pattern
• Nuclear flow was used but not clinical used in
some hospital.

13. Testicular microlithiasis

14. Testis microlithiasis
• If the calcifications more than 5 spots and
measure 1-2mm per spots, microlithiasis is
impressed.
• Testis microlithiasis is related to the testis
malignancy

15. Epididymitis/epididymo-orchitis

16. Chronic epididymo-orchitis

17. • Chronic epididymitis result from acute
incomplete treatment or tuberculosis
• Coarse calcifications and thickening of the
tunica albuginea was noted

18. Spermatocele
Sperm fluid
accumulation:
Sometimes occur especially in
the post vasectomy syndrome

19. hydrocele
Scrotum and peritoneum
persistent communication
Processus vaginalis:
Resolved by 1.5 years

20. Dilated, tortuous vein in the pampiniform
plexus near the spermatic cords
>>
Imcomplete valves were noted
Dilated vessels and reflux of flow were
noted
VARICOCELE

21. SCROTAL HERNIA