Scottish Wars of Independence - reasons for scottish victory at bannockburn
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The Scots won the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314 due to superior Scottish leadership and planning by Robert the Bruce. Bruce chose the battlefield, knowing the terrain would limit the English cavalry, and had his men dig traps. In contrast, the English army was poorly organized under King Edward II, who gave confusing orders. The English troops were also tired from moving camps overnight and became trapped during the Scottish charge, contributing to their defeat.
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Scottish Wars of Independence - the battle of bannockburn
The Battle of Bannockburn was fought in 1314 between the armies of King Robert the Bruce of Scotland and King Edward II of England. Bruce's Scottish army, though smaller, was well-trained and prepared to fight on the terrain. Over two days of battle, Bruce used tactics like hiding troops on a nearby hill and digging pits to outmaneuver the larger but tired English forces. This culminated in the Scottish victory and establishment of Scotland's independence from English rule.
Scottish Wars of Independence - battle of bannockburn
The Battle of Bannockburn in 1314 was a decisive victory for the Scots over the English. King Robert the Bruce of Scotland laid siege to Stirling Castle, forcing King Edward II of England to lead an army north to relieve the castle. Though the English army was larger, Bruce strategically chose the battle site and prepared his smaller Scottish army. Over two days of fighting, Bruce used cavalry and infantry tactics skillfully, supported by terrain advantages. A blow to English morale occurred when Bruce killed an English knight in single combat. The Scottish victory secured Scotland's independence from English rule.
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Scottish Wars of Independence - edward as scotland's overlord
King Edward of England undermined King John Balliol's rule over Scotland after Balliol was selected as King in 1292. Edward forced Balliol to swear loyalty to him and asserted his overlordship by overturning some of Balliol's legal decisions and undermining his authority. Balliol faced opposition both from Edward's interference and from Scottish nobles like the Bruce family who had wanted the throne. Some Scots began building alliances with France to counter Edward's control over Scotland.
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Boudicca, queen of the Iceni tribe, led a major rebellion against Roman rule in Britain in AD 60-61 after the Romans mistreated her tribe. She assembled a large army from the Iceni and other British tribes and sacked the Roman towns of Colchester, London, and Verulamium, destroying them and killing tens of thousands of Romans and Roman sympathizers. Eventually, the Roman governor was able to defeat Boudicca's forces in battle, ending the rebellion, after which Boudicca took her own life rather than be captured.
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Scottish Wars of Independence - the battle of bannockburn
The Battle of Bannockburn was fought in 1314 between the armies of King Robert the Bruce of Scotland and King Edward II of England. Bruce's Scottish army, though smaller, was well-trained and prepared to fight on the terrain. Over two days of battle, Bruce used tactics like hiding troops on a nearby hill and digging pits to outmaneuver the larger but tired English forces. This culminated in the Scottish victory and establishment of Scotland's independence from English rule.
Scottish Wars of Independence - battle of bannockburn
The Battle of Bannockburn in 1314 was a decisive victory for the Scots over the English. King Robert the Bruce of Scotland laid siege to Stirling Castle, forcing King Edward II of England to lead an army north to relieve the castle. Though the English army was larger, Bruce strategically chose the battle site and prepared his smaller Scottish army. Over two days of fighting, Bruce used cavalry and infantry tactics skillfully, supported by terrain advantages. A blow to English morale occurred when Bruce killed an English knight in single combat. The Scottish victory secured Scotland's independence from English rule.
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Scottish Wars of Independence - edward as scotland's overlord
King Edward of England undermined King John Balliol's rule over Scotland after Balliol was selected as King in 1292. Edward forced Balliol to swear loyalty to him and asserted his overlordship by overturning some of Balliol's legal decisions and undermining his authority. Balliol faced opposition both from Edward's interference and from Scottish nobles like the Bruce family who had wanted the throne. Some Scots began building alliances with France to counter Edward's control over Scotland.
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The document discusses the Mid-Tudor Crisis from 1540-1558 in England. It examines factors such as Henry VIII's legacy, problems of minority rule under Edward VI, religious changes, economic difficulties, and unrest. Henry VIII's dissolution of the monasteries, high spending on wars, and social and economic reforms disrupted the old order and contributed to problems faced by his successors in this tumultuous period of English history.
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Boudicca, queen of the Iceni tribe, led a major rebellion against Roman rule in Britain in AD 60-61 after the Romans mistreated her tribe. She assembled a large army from the Iceni and other British tribes and sacked the Roman towns of Colchester, London, and Verulamium, destroying them and killing tens of thousands of Romans and Roman sympathizers. Eventually, the Roman governor was able to defeat Boudicca's forces in battle, ending the rebellion, after which Boudicca took her own life rather than be captured.
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Jewish immigrants began arriving in Scotland in the 1800s/early 1900s, settling mainly in Glasgow to escape pogroms in Eastern Europe. They faced difficulties practicing their faith due to a lack of synagogues and faced discrimination from some Christian Scots. However, as synagogues and community organizations were established, and they gained economic opportunities, Jewish identity and life became firmly established in Scotland's urban centers despite facing some prejudice.
2015 higher history exam
This document outlines the structure and content of a Scottish history exam, including:
1. The exam is divided into 3 sections - Scottish, British, and European/World history. It provides sample questions for each section and directs students to the relevant pages for each part.
2. Section 1 focuses on Scottish history and provides 4 parts covering different time periods for students to choose from, along with primary and secondary sources and accompanying questions.
3. Section 2 covers aspects of British history, and again provides students choice between different time periods and accompanying questions.
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2. The Allied invasion of Italy in 1943 tied down German forces and showed the Soviets that the Western Allies were willing to directly engage Hitler's forces in Europe.
3. The massive Allied D-Day invasion of Normandy in June 1944 opened a second major front
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Scottish Wars of Independence - reasons for bruce's success
Robert the Bruce was successful in gaining Scotland's independence from England for several reasons:
1) Bruce showed strong leadership skills and boldness in crowning himself King of Scotland, which helped gain more support.
2) Bruce benefited from good luck, such as the death of the powerful English King Edward I.
3) The threat of war with France distracted and weakened English forces, giving the Scots advantages.
4) English overconfidence and poor military decisions, such as by the incompetent King Edward II, contributed to their failures against Bruce and the Scots.
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Robert the Bruce became King of Scotland after killing his rival John Comyn. This made his position as king difficult initially, as he was excommunicated from the church. He was crowned king of Scotland in 1306 but faced opposition from the English King Edward I and Scottish supporters of John Comyn. Bruce's early reign was unsuccessful, as Edward's forces defeated Bruce's army twice, forcing Bruce into hiding.
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Example National 5 History questions - Comparison
Sources A and B compare the reasons the slave trade continued in Britain throughout the 1700s. Source A states it was because the slave trade had powerful supporters like plantation owners and merchants who influenced politics. Many believed it made Britain wealthy. Source B says abolitionists faced opposition from groups promoting slavery, as dozens of ports relied on the trade and Britain was addicted to slave trade goods like sugar. It seemed vital to Britain's prosperity.
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2016 higher history exam
The document provides instructions for a Scottish history exam, dividing it into three sections on Scottish, British, and European/World history. Section 1 focuses on Scottish history and provides 5 parts on different time periods for students to choose from, with accompanying sources and questions for each part. The summary examines the structure and content of the exam.
The document is an exam paper for Scottish history, divided into three sections. Section 1 focuses on Scottish history with 5 parts covering different time periods for students to choose from. Each part includes primary sources from the time period and questions for students to answer related to analyzing and comparing the sources.
2017 National 5 History exam
This document provides instructions for a history exam consisting of three sections covering Scottish, British, and European/world contexts. It outlines the format, including 20 marks allotted to attempting one part from each of the three sections. Each part contains 4-5 questions to answer using recalled knowledge and supplied sources. The sources include excerpts from textbooks and primary documents to evaluate. The exam is focused on testing understanding of key historical topics and ability to analyze primary sources.
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Scottish Wars of Independence - reasons scots lost at falkirk
The document discusses the reasons for the Scots' defeat at the Battle of Falkirk during the Scottish Wars of Independence. It states that the Scottish cavalry left the battle early after being charged by English knights, leaving the Scottish army defenceless. Additionally, the Scottish leadership and tactics were less effective than at the previous Battle of Stirling Bridge, and the English army was larger, more organized, and led by the skilled King Edward.
Gebeurtenis
King Edward I of England invaded Scotland after the Scottish refused to send men to help fight in France. In April 1296, Edward's forces defeated a larger Scottish army at the Battle of Dunbar near Edinburgh. This victory allowed Edward to take control of Scotland's castles and forced John Balliol to abdicate as King of Scotland by July 1296, making Scotland a kingdom under English rule.
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2015 higher history exam
This document outlines the structure and content of a Scottish history exam, including:
1. The exam is divided into 3 sections - Scottish, British, and European/World history. It provides sample questions for each section and directs students to the relevant pages for each part.
2. Section 1 focuses on Scottish history and provides 4 parts covering different time periods for students to choose from, along with primary and secondary sources and accompanying questions.
3. Section 2 covers aspects of British history, and again provides students choice between different time periods and accompanying questions.
4. Section 3 examines European and world history, offering a range of options for students to select from, each covering major historical events and developments.
WWii and total war
World War 2 was a total war that engulfed the entire societies of the major warring nations. The Axis powers of Germany, Italy and Japan lost World War 2 for several reasons:
1. Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union (Operation Barbarossa) failed due to brutal German tactics, overstretched supply lines in the harsh Russian winter, and the Soviet Union's vast military-industrial capabilities and manpower reserves.
2. The Allied invasion of Italy in 1943 tied down German forces and showed the Soviets that the Western Allies were willing to directly engage Hitler's forces in Europe.
3. The massive Allied D-Day invasion of Normandy in June 1944 opened a second major front
Why was there stalemate on the western front
For the first two months of WWI, both sides engaged in mobile warfare in France and Belgium, but by Christmas 1914 the fighting settled into static trench warfare along the Western Front. An initial German plan to quickly defeat France through Belgium failed at the Battle of the Marne in September. This led to a "Race to the Sea" as both sides tried to outflank each other, ultimately resulting in a line of opposing trenches from the North Sea to the Swiss border. The Battle of Verdun, which began in February 1916 as a German effort to bleed France dry defending the symbolic fortress city, became the longest battle of WWI, lasting until December 1916 with enormous casualties on both sides. In an effort to relieve pressure on
Boudicca ppt short
This document provides background information on Boudicca and her revolt against the Romans in Britain in 60-61 AD. It summarizes the key events, including that Boudicca was queen of the Iceni tribe, her tribe and others revolted after her mistreatment by the Romans, and they sacked three Roman settlements before being defeated. It also lists six sources that will be analyzed to understand different historical representations of Boudicca, ranging from ancient Roman accounts to a modern children's song.
Terrains of World War I
This document provides a summary of 14 photographs related to World War I battles and campaigns beyond the Western Front. The photographs depict locations, events, and aspects of war from German East Africa, the Middle East, the Balkans, Italy, the Eastern Front in Russia and Belarus, and the Arctic region around Archangel. They show German, British, French, Italian, Australian and Ottoman troops and summarize key battles, campaigns, and conditions faced in various theaters beyond the trenches of the Western Front.
The Prelude to World War One: The July 1914 Crisis
The 1914 ‘July Crisis’ was the preceding act to the First World War - a period of diplomatic wrangling which concluded
in the Great Powers of Europe declaring war upon one another in early August.
The catalyst to the July crisis, and indeed the entire war, was the assassination of the heir to the Austrian Hungarian throne, Archduke Franz Ferdinand on June 28th by Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip.
For the more hawkish elements of the Austro-Hungarian leadership, the assassination provided a welcome pretext to quash troublesome pan-slavic nationalism. But they saw their victory as pre-ordained and did not dream of igniting a European conflict - but that is exactly what happened.
The Battle Of Britain.
The Battle of Britain took place from July 1940 to May 1941 as Germany sought to gain air supremacy over Britain in preparation for Operation Sea Lion, a planned invasion of the island country. The battle was the first major campaign fought entirely by air forces and saw intense aerial battles between the German Luftwaffe and British Royal Air Force over southern England throughout the summer and fall of 1940, until the Germans were forced to abandon their plans for invasion due to heavy losses.
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The document provides an overview of World War II and its aftermath from 1931-1949. It discusses the rise of dictators like Hitler and Mussolini and their acts of aggression, including Germany invading Poland in 1939 which led Britain and France to declare war on Germany, plunging Europe into World War II. The document also covers events during the war like the Allied victories and turning points that led to the defeat of Germany and Japan.
Alfred the great
Alfred the Great was King of Wessex from 871 to 899. He successfully defended Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of southern England against the Vikings, earning him the epithet "the Great". As king, he established a system of fortified centers called burhs across Wessex for defense. Culturally, he revived learning by establishing a school at his court and translating important works into Old English to improve education among clergy.
Scottish Wars of Independence - reasons for bruce's success
Robert the Bruce was successful in gaining Scotland's independence from England for several reasons:
1) Bruce showed strong leadership skills and boldness in crowning himself King of Scotland, which helped gain more support.
2) Bruce benefited from good luck, such as the death of the powerful English King Edward I.
3) The threat of war with France distracted and weakened English forces, giving the Scots advantages.
4) English overconfidence and poor military decisions, such as by the incompetent King Edward II, contributed to their failures against Bruce and the Scots.
July crisis decision making
The document outlines a series of events in 1914 that led major European powers to make decisions that ultimately resulted in World War 1. It presents hypothetical scenarios where different countries must choose their next actions. Their choices narrowed the options of other countries and escalated tensions, as protective alliances were invoked and military mobilizations began in response to the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria by Serbian nationalists. Within a month, Germany and Russia were at war, followed by France and eventually Britain due to Germany's invasion of neutral Belgium.
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Sir Winston Churchill never stopped learning. Churchill boosted his talents by reading, traveling and writing. Whatever he took interest in – he would focus on educating himself on.
Battle of Stalingrad
The Battle of Stalingrad took place from September 2, 1942 to February 2, 1943 in the city of Stalingrad (now Volgograd) between German and Soviet forces. Hitler wanted to capture Stalingrad to cut off Soviet supply lines and advance further into Russia, but the Soviets launched a counteroffensive that led to the surrender of the exhausted German 6th Army, marking a major turning point in World War 2. Over 1 million soldiers from both sides fought in the brutal urban combat among the ruins of the city, which was reduced to rubble by the end of the battle.
Scottish Wars of Independence - rise of robert the bruce
Robert the Bruce became King of Scotland after killing his rival John Comyn. This made his position as king difficult initially, as he was excommunicated from the church. He was crowned king of Scotland in 1306 but faced opposition from the English King Edward I and Scottish supporters of John Comyn. Bruce's early reign was unsuccessful, as Edward's forces defeated Bruce's army twice, forcing Bruce into hiding.
Saint Margaret, Queen of Scotland.pptx
Margaret was the daughter of the English prince Edward the Exile and his wife Agatha. She came to England with her family in 1057 but her father died upon arrival. She continued living at the English court. After the Norman conquest of England in 1066, she and her family fled to Scotland where they were shipwrecked. There she married King Malcolm III of Scotland in 1070. Margaret had a civilizing influence on Malcolm and their children through her piety and religious devotion. She established religious reforms and works in Scotland before dying in 1093 from grief after the deaths of her husband and son in battle. She was later canonized as a saint.
Example National 5 History questions - Comparison
Sources A and B compare the reasons the slave trade continued in Britain throughout the 1700s. Source A states it was because the slave trade had powerful supporters like plantation owners and merchants who influenced politics. Many believed it made Britain wealthy. Source B says abolitionists faced opposition from groups promoting slavery, as dozens of ports relied on the trade and Britain was addicted to slave trade goods like sugar. It seemed vital to Britain's prosperity.
KING CHARLES I
Charles I became King of England in 1625 after the death of his father, James I. Charles believed in the divine right of kings and absolute monarchy, which put him in conflict with Parliament who believed the king's power should be limited. This led Charles to dissolve Parliament in 1629 and begin 11 years of personal rule without Parliament. In 1640, Charles was forced to recall Parliament due to financial problems, but tensions rose and the English Civil Wars broke out in 1642 between royalist and parliamentary forces. Charles was eventually captured and executed for treason in 1649 after the parliamentary forces emerged victorious, establishing England as a republic without a monarch.
2016 higher history exam
The document provides instructions for a Scottish history exam, dividing it into three sections on Scottish, British, and European/World history. Section 1 focuses on Scottish history and provides 5 parts on different time periods for students to choose from, with accompanying sources and questions for each part. The summary examines the structure and content of the exam.
The document is an exam paper for Scottish history, divided into three sections. Section 1 focuses on Scottish history with 5 parts covering different time periods for students to choose from. Each part includes primary sources from the time period and questions for students to answer related to analyzing and comparing the sources.
2017 National 5 History exam
This document provides instructions for a history exam consisting of three sections covering Scottish, British, and European/world contexts. It outlines the format, including 20 marks allotted to attempting one part from each of the three sections. Each part contains 4-5 questions to answer using recalled knowledge and supplied sources. The sources include excerpts from textbooks and primary documents to evaluate. The exam is focused on testing understanding of key historical topics and ability to analyze primary sources.
Canada
During the 1800s and 1900s, large numbers of Scottish emigrants traveled to Canada, having a significant impact on its development. Scots contributed to Canada's economy by working in industries like farming, mining, manufacturing, banking and railroads. They also founded many businesses. Culturally, Scots influenced Canadian religion, education, place names, language, music and sports. While some Scots had positive relations and alliances with native peoples, others contributed to conflicts over land and cultural issues through policies like residential schools. Overall, Scottish migration profoundly shaped Canada's society and economy.
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The Prelude to World War One: The July 1914 Crisis
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Scottish Wars of Independence - reasons for bruce's success
Scottish Wars of Independence - reasons for bruce's success
Scottish Wars of Independence - rise of robert the bruce
Scottish Wars of Independence - rise of robert the bruce
Similar to Scottish Wars of Independence - reasons for scottish victory at bannockburn
Scottish Wars of Independence - reasons scots lost at falkirk
The document discusses the reasons for the Scots' defeat at the Battle of Falkirk during the Scottish Wars of Independence. It states that the Scottish cavalry left the battle early after being charged by English knights, leaving the Scottish army defenceless. Additionally, the Scottish leadership and tactics were less effective than at the previous Battle of Stirling Bridge, and the English army was larger, more organized, and led by the skilled King Edward.
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King Edward I of England invaded Scotland after the Scottish refused to send men to help fight in France. In April 1296, Edward's forces defeated a larger Scottish army at the Battle of Dunbar near Edinburgh. This victory allowed Edward to take control of Scotland's castles and forced John Balliol to abdicate as King of Scotland by July 1296, making Scotland a kingdom under English rule.
Scottish Wars of Independence - edward's subjugation of scotland
King Edward of England sent a huge army to defeat Scotland after they sided with France against England. The English army brutally attacked Berwick, killing thousands, and easily defeated the Scots defenders. They then won another decisive victory over the Scots at Dunbar. With the Scots army weakened, Edward was able to march through Scotland, taking control of castles without resistance. He eventually forced King John Balliol to surrender, stripping him of his title. Edward now had full control over Scotland.
Scottish Wars of Independence - reasons scots won at stirling bridge
The Scots defeated the larger English army at the Battle of Stirling Bridge in 1297 for several reasons: (1) The Scots occupied strong defensive positions on high ground, allowing them to observe English movements; (2) The Scots used tightly-packed infantry formations called schiltrons that were mobile and difficult to break through; (3) Poor English leadership decisions such as crossing the narrow bridge instead of further up the river split their forces. This tactical positioning and leadership by William Wallace and Andrew Moray overwhelmed the underestimating English army.
Scottish Wars of Independence - berwick, dunbar and defeat for balliol
King Edward I of England sent a huge army to Scotland to end King John Balliol's rule after the Scots allied with France against England. The English army brutally sacked Berwick, killing an estimated 15,000 civilians. They then defeated the Scottish army at Dunbar through superior training and numbers. With resistance collapsing, Balliol surrendered and was stripped of his royal symbols, ending his reign as Scotland's king and leaving Scotland under English rule.
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King Edward I wanted to gain the throne of Scotland after Alexander III's death by marrying his young son to Alexander's daughter. Scottish nobles asked Edward to choose a king for them, but Edward forced them to agree that he would be in overall charge. In 1296, Edward sent an army to Scotland, defeated the Scots at the Battle of Dunbar, and declared himself King of Scotland. William Wallace led the Scottish army against the English and achieved a major victory at the Battle of Stirling Bridge. After Wallace's death, Robert the Bruce declared himself King of Scotland and led the Scots to another famous victory over the English at Bannockburn, regaining Scottish independence.
The Scottish Wars For National Independence
The document summarizes the Scottish Wars of Independence from the late 13th century to the early 14th century. It describes key events like Edward I of England claiming control over Scotland, the crowning of John Balliol as King of Scotland, and Edward's invasion and destruction of Berwick in 1296. It also discusses William Wallace and Andrew de Moray leading the Scottish resistance, Robert the Bruce's eventual crowning as King of Scotland, and his victory over the English at Bannockburn in 1314, which helped establish Scottish independence.
Scottish Wars of Independence - events after bannockburn
After Scotland's victory at Bannockburn in 1314, King Robert Bruce continued to fight England to achieve full independence for Scotland. This included launching invasions of northern England and Ireland to put pressure on English forces. A key event was the 1320 Declaration of Arbroath, where Scottish nobles affirmed Scotland's independence. This eventually led to the 1328 Treaty of Edinburgh, where England formally recognized Scotland as an independent kingdom under King Robert Bruce.
Scottish Wars of Independence - the battle of falkirk
1) King Edward led a large English army to challenge William Wallace after his victory at Stirling Bridge.
2) At the Battle of Falkirk, Wallace's Scottish army was outnumbered by the English, who had over 12,000 soldiers including 2000 cavalry.
3) The English cavalry were able to flank the Scottish army and drive them from the boggy ground, leaving them vulnerable to attacks from English archers and foot soldiers. The Scottish army was defeated, with many killed or forced to flee into the woods.
Scottish Wars of Independence - scotland's civil war
The Scottish Civil War began after Robert the Bruce killed John Comyn and took control of Scotland from his supporters. Bruce faced many defeats from 1305-1307 due to fighting against both English forces and Scottish forces loyal to Comyn. By 1308, Bruce had defeated his remaining opponents through military victories and destroying the lands of Comyn supporters. Bruce was then recognized as the rightful King of Scotland. The Scottish Civil War ended in early 1309, leaving Bruce in control of the country as he prepared to challenge English forces.
Scottish Wars of Independence - battle of falkirk and continuing resistance
After victory at Stirling Bridge, William Wallace's army was defeated by King Edward I's larger force at the Battle of Falkirk in 1298. The English cavalry flanked the Scottish army, driving off the Scottish cavalry and leaving the infantry formations vulnerable to attacks by English longbowmen. Many Scottish soldiers were killed or fled as a result. After the battle, Wallace resigned as Guardian of Scotland and went into exile, while the English monarch strengthened his control over Scotland in the following years until Wallace was captured and executed in 1305.
Scottish Wars of Independence - king robert and the scottish civil war
Robert the Bruce crowned himself King of Scotland in 1306, leading to a civil war between his forces and those loyal to the previous ruler, John Comyn. Bruce attacked English troops across Scotland to gain support for independence. However, English forces led by Aymer de Valance fought back fiercely against Bruce's rebellion. After several defeats that killed many of his men, Bruce went into hiding while the English hunted his remaining supporters. Bruce eventually emerged from hiding and began a guerrilla campaign, defeating Valance's larger army at Loudoun Hill in 1307. With more Scots joining his cause and the death of the English King Edward I, Bruce was able to defeat his remaining opponents by 1308 and gain
Robert the bruce all questions
The document summarizes the story of Robert the Bruce, king of Scotland, and his struggles against King Edward I of England who wanted Scotland to be part of England. It describes how Robert the Bruce was defeated six times by Edward I but took inspiration from a spider that kept trying to build its web until the seventh time to form his own army of 5,000 men. In their seventh battle, Robert the Bruce defeated the English army and regained his throne as King of Scotland.
Scottish Wars of Independence - king john balliol
John Balliol became King of Scotland in 1292 after winning the Great Cause, but his reign was undermined by King Edward of England. Edward forced Balliol to swear allegiance and appeal his legal decisions to the English king. Balliol's authority was further weakened when Edward humiliated him by overturning his verdicts and demanding he participate in Edward's war against France. In 1296, the Scots finally resisted and formed an alliance with France against England, signing the Treaty of Paris and forming the Auld Alliance, which prompted Edward's invasion of Scotland to take revenge against Balliol.
CA 303 Bannockburn
The document summarizes an archaeological investigation conducted to locate the precise site of the 1314 Battle of Bannockburn in Scotland. Over 1,300 volunteers and experts used techniques like geophysics, aerial photography, metal detecting and excavation across multiple potential sites. Some key findings included medieval artifacts and coins found near Cambuskenneth Abbey, evidence of prehistoric standing stones on Monument Hill that may have been medieval landmarks, and discoveries of medieval settlements and artifacts in the previously thought uninhabited Carse region. Most significantly, metal detectors uncovered pieces of medieval armor - a helmet visor and stirrup - which may represent the first battlefield artifacts from Bannockburn and provide clues about the battle's outcome.
Advanced Higher History exam – 2022
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2) Source C describes the Highlanders in Scotland in 1771 as having undergone a transformation, becoming more hospitable and polite compared to earlier perceptions.
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Brown bess and enfield rifle in 1857 myths and miconceptions of indian histor...
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S.S. Thorbum was one of those very few Britons who admitted the superiority of the Enfield Rifle and the decisive part it played in the Sepoy defeat in 1857. In the Appendix of Thorburn's book which few people read, Thorburn made a very profound observation, he said, "Had the sepoys accepted the Enfield and mutinied afterwards, our difficulties in suppressing their revolt would have been enormously increased453.
A very simple gauge of this fact is the high proportion of EEIC's Bengal Army casualties in the First and Second Sikh Wars. This happened because the EEIC forces till 1849 were still equipped with the old Brown Bess Musket and the Sikhs were armed with a similar weapon. Thus the British suffered a very high proportion of casualties, in the Sikh wars as compared to the battles of 1857
Scottish Wars of Independence - edward's subjugation of scotland
After the Scots agreed an alliance with France, King Edward I of England invaded Scotland with a large army intending to take full control. Edward's forces easily defeated the Scots at the 1296 Battle of Dunbar. Edward deposed King John Balliol, had him imprisoned, and took steps to ensure Scotland could not oppose English rule going forward, such as demanding nobles swear loyalty and appointing English officials. His actions deeply angered the Scottish people and laid the groundwork for the Wars of Scottish Independence.
Quick Scottish History - 18. 21 June - 27 June
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Scottish Wars of Independence - reasons scots lost at falkirk
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Scottish Wars of Independence - edward's subjugation of scotland
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Scottish Wars of Independence - reasons scots won at stirling bridge
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Scottish Wars of Independence - berwick, dunbar and defeat for balliol
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Scottish Wars of Independence - events after bannockburn
Scottish Wars of Independence - the battle of falkirk
Scottish Wars of Independence - the battle of falkirk
Scottish Wars of Independence - scotland's civil war
Scottish Wars of Independence - scotland's civil war
Scottish Wars of Independence - battle of falkirk and continuing resistance
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Scottish Wars of Independence - king robert and the scottish civil war
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National 5 History assignment - writing the conclusion
The document provides guidance for writing a conclusion in 3 sections: (a) directly answering the question and stating the main reason or issue, (b) providing one piece of evidence to support the stated view, and (c) acknowledging other important factors while emphasizing the primary factor. The writer is also reminded to include at least two sources in their response.
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1) Kenneth MacAlpin's conquest of Pictland in the mid-9th century was an important step towards the formation of the kingdom of Alba by 900, though interpretations differ on his contributions. Sources C and D reveal differing views, with Source C seeing MacAlpin's dynasty as giving "added posthumous glory" to his conquest, while Source D emphasizes local Pictish resistance and that the tradition of MacAlpin killing Pictish nobles is "likely fictitious."
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SQA Higher History exam (paper 1) - 2023 (marking instructions)
The document provides marking instructions for the 2023 Higher History exam on British, European and World History. It outlines general marking principles and principles for specific question types, including essays. For essays, it describes how marks should be awarded for historical context, conclusions, use of knowledge, analysis, and evaluation. The marking instructions provide guidance to examiners on assessing responses consistently according to SQA standards.
SQA Higher History exam (paper 1) - 2023
This document contains instructions and questions for a History exam on British, European and World History from 2023. It is divided into two sections, with Section 1 focusing on British history and Section 2 on European and World history. Each section contains multiple parts on different time periods and topics. Students must choose one part from Section 1 and one from Section 2, and answer one question from each of the two parts they chose. The questions range from short answers to longer essay questions assessing students' understanding of key historical developments, causes, consequences and interpretations.
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The document provides marking instructions for the 2023 Scottish Higher History exam on Scottish History. It outlines general marking principles, marking principles for different question types, and detailed marking instructions for specific questions. For question 1, candidates can earn marks for interpreting the viewpoints in two given sources about the Guardians ruling Scotland after King Alexander III's death, and for providing relevant outside knowledge. Overall, the document provides a framework for examiners to consistently mark student responses for this exam.
SQA Higher History exam (paper 2) - 2023
Sources A and B provide differing interpretations of the early growth of Protestantism in Scotland in the 1550s-1560s. Source A emphasizes that many Scots were dissatisfied with the Catholic Church and open to Protestant ideas due to works criticizing the Catholic Church. Source B stresses the impact of Protestant preachers like John Knox and the support of powerful lords and the passing of laws against Protestant literature.
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Labour social reforms 1945-51 - Housing
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Labour social reforms 1945-51 - Poverty
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The Labour government nationalized several key industries like coal mining, steel production, electricity, and railways between 1946-1948. This was done to ensure these important industries were controlled by the country rather than private companies. Owners were compensated for the nationalized industries. Nationalization allowed the government to use tax money to fund unprofitable businesses and increase apprenticeships to reduce unemployment. However, nationalization was very costly and this high cost reduced funds available for other issues. Labour also introduced policies aimed at improving working conditions for workers through measures like paid holidays and secure jobs at docks. While some workers saw higher wages and better conditions, it may have discouraged companies from hiring more employees as it increased costs. Labour's home
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Scottish Wars of Independence - reasons for scottish victory at bannockburn
- 1. Scottish Wars of Independence Why did the Scots win at Bannockburn?
- 2. In today’s class, I am learning to: • Explain why the Scots won the Battle of Bannockburn Why did the Scots win at Bannockburn?
- 3. In 1314, King Robert the Bruce led the Scots to their most famous victory when at Bannockburn they beat English King Edward II’s army. Why did the Scots win at Bannockburn?
- 4. There were many reasons for Scotland’s victory at Bannockburn. These include factors such as: • Scottish leadership • The battlefield • English leadership • English tactics Why did the Scots win at Bannockburn?
- 5. Robert the Bruce was a great leader, and he was able to inspire his men to victory. Bruce’s killing of English knight Henry de Bohun on the first day raised the spirits of Scottish soldiers, who had been worried by the size of England’s army. Why did the Scots win at Bannockburn?
- 6. Bruce’s planning for the battle was very important. Bruce chose the battlefield, which allowed the Scots time to train on the land, meaning they knew every aspect of it. It also gave the Scots time to dig traps and pits. Why did the Scots win at Bannockburn?
- 7. Bruce’s use of a reserve army (the sma’ folk) also helped the Scots win. He brought them into battle to stop England’s archers killing the main Scottish army. It also led English soldiers to believe there was even more Scottish soldiers. Why did the Scots win at Bannockburn?
- 8. The battlefield made it harder for England to fight. Much of the land was boggy and marshy, and this prevented their knights from charging. In addition the Scots dug traps and pits to force the English to go certain ways. Why did the Scots win at Bannockburn?
- 9. England were poorly organised. Due to his much larger army, King Edward II had not actually expected the Scots to fight. This meant he did not have a battle plan to deal with Scottish attacks. Why did the Scots win at Bannockburn?
- 10. England’s army suffered from a confusing leadership structure. King Edward II joined the battle but not as leader. However he still gave orders, and this led to problems for English soldiers trying to work out what they should do. Why did the Scots win at Bannockburn?
- 11. England also lost due to low morale. Edward II’s decision to move the English camp overnight after Day One of fighting meant that the soldiers were very tired. This left them unable to properly fight the next day. Why did the Scots win at Bannockburn?
- 12. England’s army was poorly positioned, making it harder for them to fight. Moving the camp meant that their archers could not be used without killing other English soldiers, limiting one of the English army’s most powerful weapons. Why did the Scots win at Bannockburn?
- 13. Having a large army in some ways hurt England. This meant they found it harder to manoeuvre or get space to fight. When the Scots eventually charged, there was also nowhere for the English to retreat, leaving many to drown in the Bannockburn. Why did the Scots win at Bannockburn?