The document summarizes the male and female reproductive systems. It describes the main external and internal structures of both systems, including their functions. For females, it discusses the labia, clitoris, vagina, uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes and cervix. For males, it outlines the penis, scrotum, testes, vas deferens, seminal vesicles and urethra. It then provides a short quiz to test understanding.
The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra, and its main function is to remove waste from the body in the form of urine. The kidneys filter waste from the blood and regulate electrolyte and fluid balance. They produce urine which drains through the ureters into the bladder. The bladder stores urine until it is emptied through the urethra. Each kidney contains millions of nephrons which filter the blood, reabsorb useful substances, and produce urine that drains into the renal pelvis and ureter.
I. Major Structures and Organs
A. Kidneys- pair of glandular organs, which remove, waste products from the blood to form urine
B. Ureters- muscular tubes which convey urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.
C. Urinary Bladder- muscular sac that stores urine until micturation can occur.
D. Urethra- tube like structure which conveys urine outside the body.
The respiratory system exchanges gases through breathing, warming and filtering air in the upper respiratory tract, and gas exchange in the alveoli. The urinary system removes waste from the blood through the kidneys and releases urine. The digestive system breaks down food, absorbs nutrients, and eliminates waste through a series of organs like the mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines and liver.
This document provides details about the anatomy and physiology of the frog Rana tigrina. It describes the frog's taxonomic classification, external features, digestive system, and respiratory system. The digestive system section explains the mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver and pancreas. The respiratory system section covers the different types of respiration in frogs including through the skin, mouth, and lungs.
The document summarizes the anatomy and physiology of frogs. It describes some of the key external and internal features of frogs, including that males can be identified by vocal sacs and a copulatory pad. It also outlines several frog body systems, noting frogs have a three-chambered heart and respiratory systems that can include lungs and cutaneous respiration through the skin. Their excretory system produces urea to conserve water.
Respiration involves the diffusion of gases through membranes to facilitate metabolic processes in organisms. Simple organisms rely on direct diffusion through their integument, while more complex animals have respiratory systems. Aquatic animals use gills and many land animals use lungs. Amphibians are unique in that they can respire through their skin, mouth, and lungs. Their respiratory system includes glottis, larynx, bronchi and lungs, with gas exchange aided by a moist, permeable membrane.
The document discusses respiration and the human respiratory system. It explains that food and oxygen react in cells to provide energy, with carbon dioxide produced as a waste product. It then describes the major parts of the respiratory system including the nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, bronchioles and alveoli. The diaphragm and intercostal muscles help with inhalation and exhalation by expanding and contracting the chest and lungs. Gas exchange occurs in the alveoli where oxygen passes into blood and carbon dioxide passes out.
The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra, and its main function is to remove waste from the body in the form of urine. The kidneys filter waste from the blood and regulate electrolyte and fluid balance. They produce urine which drains through the ureters into the bladder. The bladder stores urine until it is emptied through the urethra. Each kidney contains millions of nephrons which filter the blood, reabsorb useful substances, and produce urine that drains into the renal pelvis and ureter.
I. Major Structures and Organs
A. Kidneys- pair of glandular organs, which remove, waste products from the blood to form urine
B. Ureters- muscular tubes which convey urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.
C. Urinary Bladder- muscular sac that stores urine until micturation can occur.
D. Urethra- tube like structure which conveys urine outside the body.
The respiratory system exchanges gases through breathing, warming and filtering air in the upper respiratory tract, and gas exchange in the alveoli. The urinary system removes waste from the blood through the kidneys and releases urine. The digestive system breaks down food, absorbs nutrients, and eliminates waste through a series of organs like the mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines and liver.
This document provides details about the anatomy and physiology of the frog Rana tigrina. It describes the frog's taxonomic classification, external features, digestive system, and respiratory system. The digestive system section explains the mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver and pancreas. The respiratory system section covers the different types of respiration in frogs including through the skin, mouth, and lungs.
The document summarizes the anatomy and physiology of frogs. It describes some of the key external and internal features of frogs, including that males can be identified by vocal sacs and a copulatory pad. It also outlines several frog body systems, noting frogs have a three-chambered heart and respiratory systems that can include lungs and cutaneous respiration through the skin. Their excretory system produces urea to conserve water.
Respiration involves the diffusion of gases through membranes to facilitate metabolic processes in organisms. Simple organisms rely on direct diffusion through their integument, while more complex animals have respiratory systems. Aquatic animals use gills and many land animals use lungs. Amphibians are unique in that they can respire through their skin, mouth, and lungs. Their respiratory system includes glottis, larynx, bronchi and lungs, with gas exchange aided by a moist, permeable membrane.
The document discusses respiration and the human respiratory system. It explains that food and oxygen react in cells to provide energy, with carbon dioxide produced as a waste product. It then describes the major parts of the respiratory system including the nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, bronchioles and alveoli. The diaphragm and intercostal muscles help with inhalation and exhalation by expanding and contracting the chest and lungs. Gas exchange occurs in the alveoli where oxygen passes into blood and carbon dioxide passes out.
The excretory system eliminates waste from the body through the urinary system and sweat glands. It removes urine, a mixture of water and waste products, from the blood through the kidneys and ureters into the bladder. Sweat, a mixture of water and minerals, is removed through pores in the skin. Both urine and sweat leave the body as ways for the body to cool down and remove unwanted substances.
1) Annelids have segmented bodies and excretory and circulatory systems. Their excretory system includes nephridia and coelomoducts.
2) Nephridia are segmentally arranged coiled tubules that function primarily for excretion. Coelomoducts are mesoderm-derived tubes that function mainly for reproduction but also secondarily for excretion.
3) There are different types of nephridia including protonephridia, metanephridia, micro/mero nephridia, and mega/holo nephridia. Nephridia can also be exonephric or enteronephric. In
The lymphatic system transports lymph fluid and filters pathogens. It includes lymph vessels, lymph nodes, the spleen, thymus, tonsils, and bone marrow. Lymph fluid contains lymphocytes and drains excess tissue fluid, absorbed fats, and cell debris from tissues. It transports these materials through lymph vessels and lymph nodes which filter the lymph. The spleen, thymus and tonsils are lymphatic organs that help produce and store lymphocytes to fight infection. The document describes the structures and functions of the lymphatic system components in detail.
The digestive system extends from the mouth to the anus and is responsible for breaking down food, absorbing nutrients, and eliminating waste. It includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, and accessory organs like the liver, pancreas, and gallbladder. Food is broken down mechanically by teeth and chemically through secretions like saliva and bile before nutrients are absorbed in the small intestine and waste is expelled from the anus.
Lesson 14 digestive, circulatory, lymphatic and respiratory systemNikko Lorenz Lawsin
This presentation contain the components of digestive system, circulatory system, lymphatic system and respiratory system. It discusses thoroughly the physiological processes perform by these systems
The document summarizes the key components and functions of the human digestive and urinary systems. It describes the organs that make up the digestive tract from mouth to anus, including the stomach, small intestine, large intestine and associated organs like the liver, gallbladder and pancreas. It explains the processes of digestion and absorption that occur along the tract. It also provides an overview of the urinary system including the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra and their roles in filtering waste from the blood and regulating fluid balance.
The digestive system begins at the mouth and includes the esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestines. Food is ingested and broken down through both mechanical and chemical digestion. Mechanical digestion begins with chewing in the mouth. Chemical digestion involves enzymes that break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats in specific areas of the digestive tract. Digested nutrients are then absorbed through the walls of the tract and transported throughout the body.
The document summarizes the main body systems of frogs:
- The reproductive system allows frogs to produce offspring through external fertilization, with males releasing sperm onto eggs laid by females.
- The endocrine system secretes hormones to regulate processes like hibernation and reproduction.
- Other body systems discussed include the nervous, muscular, skeletal, circulatory, respiratory, excretory, integumentary and digestive systems, which perform similar functions to humans.
The document discusses endocrine glands, specifically the endocrine gland. It defines endocrine glands as groups of secretory cells surrounded by an extensive network of capillaries that facilitates the diffusion of hormones directly into the bloodstream. Some key endocrine glands discussed include the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, and hypothalamus. The pituitary gland regulates other endocrine glands and is divided into the posterior and anterior pituitary. The hypothalamus produces hormones that regulate the anterior pituitary. The thyroid gland produces thyroid hormones that increase metabolism.
1. Earthworms have three types of excretory organs called nephridia - septal, integumentary, and pharyngeal nephridia.
2. Septal nephridia are found between segments and have a funnel-shaped opening, neck, coiled duct and terminal duct that empties into excretory canals.
3. Integumentary nephridia are attached inside the body wall and open directly outside. Pharyngeal nephridia are in the segments near the mouth and pharynx and empty into the digestive tract.
The document provides background information on frog anatomy. It describes the external features of the frog's head such as its nostrils, eardrums, eyes, and mouth interior. It then details the major internal organ systems, including the respiratory, circulatory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems. The summary concludes by outlining the objectives and materials for a frog dissection lab, intended to observe and identify the external and internal structures of the frog.
Frogs can live both on land and in freshwater. They are cold-blooded and have smooth, slippery skin with the ability to change color for camouflage. Their anatomy includes systems for digestion, respiration, circulation, excretion, and reproduction. Males have vocal sacs and a copulatory pad while females lay many eggs that hatch into tadpoles undergoing metamorphosis to become adult frogs.
The digestive system breaks down ingested food into nutrients that can be absorbed and used by the body. It consists of the alimentary canal and accessory organs. The alimentary canal includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus. Accessory organs include the teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder and pancreas. Food is ingested, digested, absorbed, and waste is eliminated in a multi-step process involving both mechanical and chemical breakdown as well as nutrient absorption throughout the alimentary canal.
Class 11 Biology Structural Organisation in AnimalsVista's Learning
Frogs have smooth, moist skin and lack a tail. They breathe through their skin in water and through lungs on land. Their circulatory system includes two-chambered hearts and lungs. They excrete through paired kidneys and a urinary bladder. Male frogs have testes and vocal sacs, while females have ovaries that release eggs into a cloaca for external fertilization. Frogs benefit ecosystems by eating insects and serving as prey.
The urinary system consists of four main organs - the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter waste from the blood to produce urine, the ureters carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder, the bladder stores and holds urine, and the urethra then carries urine from the bladder out of the body. The kidneys contain over 1 million nephrons that filter blood to remove waste and produce urine, and are located on either side of the spine in the lower back.
The document describes the digestive system of a frog. It lists and describes the major organs of the digestive system including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine/cloaca, pancreas, and spleen. It then provides more detail on the functions of these organs, explaining that food is ingested through the mouth and travels through the esophagus to the stomach where it is partially digested. Enzymes and fluids further break the food down in the small intestine where nutrients are absorbed. Waste products then pass through the large intestine/cloaca to be expelled from the body.
This document provides an overview and index of the external and internal features of a pig for dissection purposes. It includes sections on external features, sex determination, the mouth and nerves, muscles, and the major internal organ systems. For each section, there are answers that identify and describe the relevant anatomical structures labeled on diagrams. The sections cover the digestive, respiratory, circulatory, urinary, and reproductive systems.
The document is a science review test with multiple choice questions covering various topics in science including:
- The human circulatory system and blood flow through the heart and lungs
- Components and functions of the nervous system including brain, spinal cord, and nerves
- Food chains and webs showing trophic levels and energy transfer between organisms
- Biogeochemical cycles like oxygen-carbon dioxide and water cycles
- Energy transformations and forms of energy
- Forces and laws of motion
- Theories of the origin and structure of the universe, Earth, and life
The document provides information about the structure and layers of the Earth. It contains 10 multiple choice questions about the Earth's interior layers, including its crust, mantle, outer core and inner core. The questions range from easy to difficult in terms of complexity. The correct answers are also provided.
The excretory system eliminates waste from the body through the urinary system and sweat glands. It removes urine, a mixture of water and waste products, from the blood through the kidneys and ureters into the bladder. Sweat, a mixture of water and minerals, is removed through pores in the skin. Both urine and sweat leave the body as ways for the body to cool down and remove unwanted substances.
1) Annelids have segmented bodies and excretory and circulatory systems. Their excretory system includes nephridia and coelomoducts.
2) Nephridia are segmentally arranged coiled tubules that function primarily for excretion. Coelomoducts are mesoderm-derived tubes that function mainly for reproduction but also secondarily for excretion.
3) There are different types of nephridia including protonephridia, metanephridia, micro/mero nephridia, and mega/holo nephridia. Nephridia can also be exonephric or enteronephric. In
The lymphatic system transports lymph fluid and filters pathogens. It includes lymph vessels, lymph nodes, the spleen, thymus, tonsils, and bone marrow. Lymph fluid contains lymphocytes and drains excess tissue fluid, absorbed fats, and cell debris from tissues. It transports these materials through lymph vessels and lymph nodes which filter the lymph. The spleen, thymus and tonsils are lymphatic organs that help produce and store lymphocytes to fight infection. The document describes the structures and functions of the lymphatic system components in detail.
The digestive system extends from the mouth to the anus and is responsible for breaking down food, absorbing nutrients, and eliminating waste. It includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, and accessory organs like the liver, pancreas, and gallbladder. Food is broken down mechanically by teeth and chemically through secretions like saliva and bile before nutrients are absorbed in the small intestine and waste is expelled from the anus.
Lesson 14 digestive, circulatory, lymphatic and respiratory systemNikko Lorenz Lawsin
This presentation contain the components of digestive system, circulatory system, lymphatic system and respiratory system. It discusses thoroughly the physiological processes perform by these systems
The document summarizes the key components and functions of the human digestive and urinary systems. It describes the organs that make up the digestive tract from mouth to anus, including the stomach, small intestine, large intestine and associated organs like the liver, gallbladder and pancreas. It explains the processes of digestion and absorption that occur along the tract. It also provides an overview of the urinary system including the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra and their roles in filtering waste from the blood and regulating fluid balance.
The digestive system begins at the mouth and includes the esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestines. Food is ingested and broken down through both mechanical and chemical digestion. Mechanical digestion begins with chewing in the mouth. Chemical digestion involves enzymes that break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats in specific areas of the digestive tract. Digested nutrients are then absorbed through the walls of the tract and transported throughout the body.
The document summarizes the main body systems of frogs:
- The reproductive system allows frogs to produce offspring through external fertilization, with males releasing sperm onto eggs laid by females.
- The endocrine system secretes hormones to regulate processes like hibernation and reproduction.
- Other body systems discussed include the nervous, muscular, skeletal, circulatory, respiratory, excretory, integumentary and digestive systems, which perform similar functions to humans.
The document discusses endocrine glands, specifically the endocrine gland. It defines endocrine glands as groups of secretory cells surrounded by an extensive network of capillaries that facilitates the diffusion of hormones directly into the bloodstream. Some key endocrine glands discussed include the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, and hypothalamus. The pituitary gland regulates other endocrine glands and is divided into the posterior and anterior pituitary. The hypothalamus produces hormones that regulate the anterior pituitary. The thyroid gland produces thyroid hormones that increase metabolism.
1. Earthworms have three types of excretory organs called nephridia - septal, integumentary, and pharyngeal nephridia.
2. Septal nephridia are found between segments and have a funnel-shaped opening, neck, coiled duct and terminal duct that empties into excretory canals.
3. Integumentary nephridia are attached inside the body wall and open directly outside. Pharyngeal nephridia are in the segments near the mouth and pharynx and empty into the digestive tract.
The document provides background information on frog anatomy. It describes the external features of the frog's head such as its nostrils, eardrums, eyes, and mouth interior. It then details the major internal organ systems, including the respiratory, circulatory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems. The summary concludes by outlining the objectives and materials for a frog dissection lab, intended to observe and identify the external and internal structures of the frog.
Frogs can live both on land and in freshwater. They are cold-blooded and have smooth, slippery skin with the ability to change color for camouflage. Their anatomy includes systems for digestion, respiration, circulation, excretion, and reproduction. Males have vocal sacs and a copulatory pad while females lay many eggs that hatch into tadpoles undergoing metamorphosis to become adult frogs.
The digestive system breaks down ingested food into nutrients that can be absorbed and used by the body. It consists of the alimentary canal and accessory organs. The alimentary canal includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus. Accessory organs include the teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder and pancreas. Food is ingested, digested, absorbed, and waste is eliminated in a multi-step process involving both mechanical and chemical breakdown as well as nutrient absorption throughout the alimentary canal.
Class 11 Biology Structural Organisation in AnimalsVista's Learning
Frogs have smooth, moist skin and lack a tail. They breathe through their skin in water and through lungs on land. Their circulatory system includes two-chambered hearts and lungs. They excrete through paired kidneys and a urinary bladder. Male frogs have testes and vocal sacs, while females have ovaries that release eggs into a cloaca for external fertilization. Frogs benefit ecosystems by eating insects and serving as prey.
The urinary system consists of four main organs - the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter waste from the blood to produce urine, the ureters carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder, the bladder stores and holds urine, and the urethra then carries urine from the bladder out of the body. The kidneys contain over 1 million nephrons that filter blood to remove waste and produce urine, and are located on either side of the spine in the lower back.
The document describes the digestive system of a frog. It lists and describes the major organs of the digestive system including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine/cloaca, pancreas, and spleen. It then provides more detail on the functions of these organs, explaining that food is ingested through the mouth and travels through the esophagus to the stomach where it is partially digested. Enzymes and fluids further break the food down in the small intestine where nutrients are absorbed. Waste products then pass through the large intestine/cloaca to be expelled from the body.
This document provides an overview and index of the external and internal features of a pig for dissection purposes. It includes sections on external features, sex determination, the mouth and nerves, muscles, and the major internal organ systems. For each section, there are answers that identify and describe the relevant anatomical structures labeled on diagrams. The sections cover the digestive, respiratory, circulatory, urinary, and reproductive systems.
The document is a science review test with multiple choice questions covering various topics in science including:
- The human circulatory system and blood flow through the heart and lungs
- Components and functions of the nervous system including brain, spinal cord, and nerves
- Food chains and webs showing trophic levels and energy transfer between organisms
- Biogeochemical cycles like oxygen-carbon dioxide and water cycles
- Energy transformations and forms of energy
- Forces and laws of motion
- Theories of the origin and structure of the universe, Earth, and life
The document provides information about the structure and layers of the Earth. It contains 10 multiple choice questions about the Earth's interior layers, including its crust, mantle, outer core and inner core. The questions range from easy to difficult in terms of complexity. The correct answers are also provided.
Additives are used in foods to improve flavor, color and preservation. Common additives include citric acid in juice drinks to provide sour taste and last longer, and ginisa mix which adds taste to dishes like tinola and is a type of additive. Additives are also used in other products like paint to protect surfaces and make homes more attractive, and in drugs to make them more efficient and easier to take. Overall, additives are widely used to improve and preserve foods and other products.
1. The document is a science reviewer set for grade 5 students with questions about reproduction in animals.
2. It includes multiple choice, true/false, labeling, matching, and enumeration questions about sexual and asexual reproduction, gamete formation, internal and external fertilization, viviparity and oviparity.
3. The questions cover topics like the male and female reproductive systems and gametes, fertilization, embryonic development, puberty, and the role of reproduction in population dynamics.
The document contains multiple choice questions about science topics including physical and chemical changes, forms of energy, forces and motion, climate change, human body systems (circulatory, nervous, digestive, reproductive), classification of living things, ecology, and Earth's structure. The questions cover concepts such as states of matter, types of reactions, energy transformations, forces, human body parts and functions, food webs, plant and animal adaptations, mental health, and symbiotic relationships between organisms.
Science competency based nat intervention program: PAPER PRESENTATIONDeped Tagum City
1. The study evaluated a competency-based science intervention program for 6th grade students at Union Elementary School who had achieved below average scores on the National Achievement Test (NAT) in science.
2. Results showed students achieved a 70.11% gain in science test scores with a post-test mean of 79.74%, surpassing the target of 75%.
3. Statistical analysis found the improvement in test scores was significant and not influenced by student age or gender, indicating the intervention program was effective.
The document is an examiner's handbook that provides instructions for administering a national achievement test in the Philippines. It outlines the pre-test, test proper, and post-test activities. Key steps include preparing the testing room, orienting examinees, distributing test booklets and answer sheets, filling in identifying information, reading instructions, monitoring the exam, collecting materials, and reporting results. The handbook aims to standardize test administration across examiners.
TEDx Manchester: AI & The Future of WorkVolker Hirsch
TEDx Manchester talk on artificial intelligence (AI) and how the ascent of AI and robotics impacts our future work environments.
The video of the talk is now also available here: https://youtu.be/dRw4d2Si8LA
The document provides an overview of the male and female reproductive systems, as well as the respiratory, excretory, and digestive systems, for kids. It describes the main organs and their functions, such as the testes producing testosterone, sperm traveling through the epididymis and vas deferens, the penis, wet dreams, and the menstrual cycle. It also outlines key parts of the respiratory system like the nose, mouth, trachea, lungs, diaphragm, and alveoli that are involved in breathing. The excretory system summary includes the kidneys filtering waste, ureters transporting urine, and bladder and urethra removing it.
Science 6_Q2_L4_Parts and Function of Excretory System.pptxkambal1234567890
The document discusses the human excretory system. It describes the key parts which include the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter waste from the blood to produce urine, which travels through the ureters to the bladder for temporary storage before exiting the body through the urethra. The excretory system works to remove waste from the body through processes like urination and perspiration.
The document summarizes the key functions and components of the digestive, respiratory, excretory, and circulatory systems. The digestive system breaks down food, the respiratory system facilitates gas exchange, the excretory system removes waste, and the circulatory system transports nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones and more throughout the body via the heart, blood and blood vessels. Each system consists of specific organs and pathways that work together to carry out their essential roles in nutrition and maintaining life.
For each mammalian organ system, list the organs and their function. .pdfarhamgarmentsdelhi
For each mammalian organ system, list the organs and their function. Respiratory Circulatory:
Digestive: Immune:
Solution
1....Main Parts of the Respiratory System and their Functions:
1. The nostrils: They bring air into the nose, where air is warmed and humidified. The tiny hairs
referred to as cilia filters out dirt and other debris in the air and protects the nasal passage and
different regions of the respiration tract.
2.Trachea: The trachea is also referred to as windpipe. The trachea filters the air we inhale.
3.Bronchi: The bronchi are the two air tubes that branch off of from the trachea and deliver
atmospheric air at once into the lungs.
4.Lungs: The major organ of the respiratory machine is lungs, oxygen is taken into and carbon
dioxide is expelled out. The red blood cells un the blood picks up the oxygen inside the lungs
and deliver and distribute the oxygen to all body cells.
5.Alveolus: gaseous exchange takes place.
6.Diaphragm: Breathing starts off evolved . When we breathe in the diaphragm contracts and
flatten out and pull downward. Due to this motion the space within the lungs will increase and
pulls air into the lungs. When we breathe out, the diaphragm expands and decreases the amount
of space for the lungs and forces air out.
2...Digestive organs and their functions:
Mouth
Mixes food with salivary secretion; taste, chewing
Salivary glands
Lubricate food; produce buffers and enzymes that begin digestion
Pharynx
Passageway shared with respiratory system, leads to esophagus
Esophagus
Delivers food to stomach
Stomach
Secretes acids and digestive enzymes that break down proteins
Small intestine
Secretes enzymes and other factors for nutrient digestion; absorbs nutrients
Liver
Secretesbile (required for lipid digestion); synthesizes blood proteins; stores lipid and
carbohydrate reserves
Gallbladder
Stores biles for release into small intestine
Pancreas
Secretes digestive enzymes and buffers into small intestine; produces hormones
Large intestine
Removes water from nondigested material; stores wastes
3....Excretory system and their functions:
Kidney
organs in the excretory system where waste is filtered out of the blood
ureter
tubes that connect the nephron to the bladder
urethra
tube through which urine exits the body
bladder
where urine is stored until you \"go to the bathroom\"
nephron
small capsule in the kidneys where excess water, salts, and urea are removed from the
bloodstream and other materials are put back into the blood
4....Reproductive organs:
Male reproductive organs:
testis
produces sperm
epididymis
stores sperm
vas deferens
transports sperm to urethra
urethra
receives seminal secretions from testes and accessory glands; also drains excretory products from
urinary bladder
seminal vesicles
secrete alkaline fluids that aid in neutralizing acidity and contain nutrients to promote sperm
motility and viability and hormones to stimulate uterine contractions
bulbourethral glands
secretes alkaline fluid to neutralize aci.
The female reproductive system contains two main parts: the uterus, which hosts the developing fetus, produces vaginal and uterine secretions, and passes the anatomically male sperm through to the fallopian tubes; and the ovaries, which produce the anatomically female egg cells.
1) The document discusses the reproductive and excretory systems in humans. It describes the key organs involved in both systems, such as the testes, ovaries, kidneys, and bladder.
2) It explains the processes of reproduction, including fertilization, and excretion, including the role of the kidneys in filtering waste from the blood.
3) Adolescence is discussed in terms of the changes boys and girls experience due to sex hormones, such as voice changes and physical development.
The document summarizes the key human body systems involved in nutrition: the digestive system, respiratory system, circulatory system, and excretory system. It provides details on each system's organs and processes. The digestive system breaks down food, the respiratory system inhales oxygen and exhales carbon dioxide, the circulatory system transports nutrients through the blood, and the excretory system removes waste from the blood.
Anatomy & Physiology of the Male Reproductive SystemDr. Sarita Sharma
This document provides an overview of the male reproductive system. It describes both the external structures, which include the penis and scrotum, and the internal structures, which are the testes, epididymis, vas deferens, and accessory sex glands including the seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral glands. The testes produce both sperm and the hormone testosterone. Sperm mature as they pass through the epididymis and are stored in the vas deferens until ejaculation. The accessory glands secrete fluids that nourish the sperm and form the bulk of the semen.
The document summarizes key body systems involved in nutrition: the digestive system, respiratory system, circulatory system, and excretory system. The digestive system breaks down food, the respiratory system supplies oxygen to cells, the circulatory system transports nutrients and oxygen, and the excretory system filters waste. Each system is described in 1-2 sentences highlighting its main functions and components.
The document summarizes the key body systems involved in nutrition:
1) The digestive system transforms food into nutrients through the actions of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, intestines and other organs.
2) The respiratory system is responsible for breathing through the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, lungs and diaphragm.
3) The circulatory system transports nutrients and oxygen to cells through the heart, blood and blood vessels like arteries, veins and capillaries.
The document summarizes the key systems involved in nutrition and excretion in the human body. It describes the digestive system and how food is broken down and absorbed. It then explains the respiratory system and how oxygen is delivered and carbon dioxide removed via the lungs and blood. The circulatory system is outlined as transporting nutrients and oxygen to cells via blood and removing waste. Finally, the excretory system including the urinary system is summarized as removing waste from the blood and body.
1st science 19 urinary system structure and functionsShirley Sison
The document discusses the structure and function of the urinary system. It describes the location and roles of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter waste from the blood to produce urine, and contain nephrons that remove waste and regulate chemical balances before urine passes through the ureters to the bladder for storage and eventual expulsion through the urethra.
ANATOMY OF FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM AYURVEDIC AND MODERN PERSPECTIVEDR.ARVINDER KAUR
The document provides an anatomical description of the female reproductive organs, including both external and internal structures. It describes the external genitalia such as the vulva, labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, and vestibule. Internally, it outlines the vagina, cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. It discusses the functions of these organs and their roles in menstruation, sexual intercourse, fertilization, pregnancy, and childbirth.
The document describes the key stages and processes of several human body systems, including:
1) The digestive system breaks down food through a multi-step process of mechanical and chemical digestion involving the mouth, stomach, small intestine and large intestine.
2) The respiratory system inhales oxygen and exhales carbon dioxide through the air passageways of the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs.
3) The circulatory system transports blood, nutrients, oxygen and waste throughout the body via blood vessels and the heart.
4) Other systems described include the excretory, nervous, locomotor and reproductive systems.
Lymphatics of head, neck & face / dental crown & bridge coursesIndian dental academy
The document provides an overview of the lymphatic system in the head and neck region, including the structure and function of lymph nodes, lymphatic drainage patterns, and clinical applications such as cancer staging. Key areas covered include the anatomy of lymph nodes, lymphatic drainage of the head and neck, clinical evaluation of lymph nodes, and clinical staging of cervical lymph nodes.
The document summarizes several key body systems:
1) The digestive system breaks down food and absorbs nutrients. It includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, intestines and anus.
2) The respiratory system takes in oxygen and removes carbon dioxide. It includes the nostrils, pharynx, larynx, trachea, lungs and diaphragm.
3) The excretory system removes waste from the body through urine and sweat. The urinary system includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra.
4) The circulatory system transports blood around the body using the heart, blood and blood vessels. It
The document summarizes the male and female reproductive systems. It describes the main external and internal parts of both systems, including their functions. For example, it states that the female external organs include the labia majora, labia minora, Bartholin's glands, and clitoris. The internal organs include the vagina, uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes. It also discusses proper ways to care for the reproductive organs, such as washing regularly and exercising. The objectives are to describe the parts and functions of the reproductive system and discuss how to take care of these organs.
The document summarizes the anatomy and functions of the male and female reproductive systems. It describes the organs involved in both systems, including the testes, ovaries, ducts, and external genitalia. It explains sperm and egg production, hormone regulation, and fertilization. Key concepts covered are the structures of the testes, ovaries, uterus, and vagina, as well as spermatogenesis, oogenesis, and the menstrual cycle.
The excretory system eliminates waste from the body through various organs. The skin releases sweat from sweat glands and the lungs release carbon dioxide. The large intestine processes and expels solid waste. The kidneys filter blood and produce urine to remove waste and regulate water balance. Together, these organs—the skin, lungs, large intestine and kidneys—work to remove different types of waste from the body.
Human reproduction involves the joining of an ovum and spermatozoid through fertilization to form a zygote. The female reproductive system includes ovaries that produce ova and a uterus that supports embryo development. The male reproductive system includes testes that produce spermatozoa and accessory glands. During puberty, secondary sex characteristics like breast development and facial hair emerge due to hormonal changes. Fertilization is a multi-step process where a sperm penetrates an ovum in the fallopian tube, their genetic material combines, and an embryo is formed. The embryo implants in the uterus and develops over nine months of gestation into a fetus, preparing for birth.
2. THE MALE AND FEMALE
REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS
AND THEIR FUNCTIONS
3. THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
The female reproductive
anatomy includes internal and
external structures.
The function of the external
female reproductive structures
(the genital) is to enable sperm
to enter the body and to protect
the internal genital organs from
infectious organisms.
4. THE MAIN EXTERNAL STRUCTURES OF THE FEMALE
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM INCLUDE:
1. Labia majora: The labia majora enclose and protect the other
external reproductive organs. The labia majora contain sweat and
oil-secreting glands. After puberty, the labia majora are covered
with hair.
2. Labia minora: They lie just inside the labia majora, and surround the
openings to the vagina and urethra.
3. Bartholin's glands: These glands are located next to the vaginal
opening and produce a fluid (mucus) secretion.
4. Clitoris: The two labia minora meet at the clitoris, a small, sensitive
protrusion that is comparable to the penis in males. The clitoris is
covered by a fold of skin, called the prepuce, which is similar to the
foreskin at the end of the penis. Like the penis, the clitoris is very
sensitive to stimulation and can become erect.
5. THE INTERNAL FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM :
1. Vagina: The vagina is a canal that joins the cervix (the
lower part of uterus) to the outside of the body. It also is
known as the birth canal.
2. Uterus (womb): The uterus is a hollow, pear-shaped organ
that is the home to a developing fetus. The uterus is
divided into two parts: the cervix, which is lower part that
opens into the vagina, and the main body of the uterus,
called the corpus. The corpus can easily expand to hold a
developing baby. A channel through the cervix allows
sperm to enter and menstrual blood to exit.
3. Ovaries: The ovaries are small, oval-shaped glands that
are located on either side of the uterus. The ovaries
produce ova and hormones.
6. THE INTERNAL FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM :
1. Fallopian tubes: These are narrow tubes that are attached to the
upper part of the uterus and serve as tunnels for the ova (egg cells)
to travel from the ovaries to the uterus.
2. Cervix: The cervix is the lower end of the uterus. It is located at the
top of the vagina and is about one inch long. The cervical canal
passes through the cervix, allowing blood from a menstrual period
and a baby (fetus) to pass from the womb(uterus) into the vagina.
The cervical canal also allows sperm to pass from the vagina into
the uterus.
7. THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
The penis and the scrotum are
the external organs. The penis is
the organ for reproduction and
for urination. Behind the penis is
the scrotum, a sac-like pouch
that supports the testes. The
testes begin to produce sperms
during puberty.
8. THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Each testis produces billions of sperm cells.
Each sperm, the male reproductive cell, has a head and a tail. The tail
makes the sperms move very fast.
The sperm travels from the testes through the tubes called the vas
deferens that circle the bladder.
The bladder is a sac that serves as the receptacle for urine.
Behind the bladder is the gland called seminal vesicle. This gland
provides the sperms with a fluid that enables them to move.
The mixture of the sperm and the fluid is known as the semen. The
semen leaves the body via the urethra.
Urethra is also the tube that carries urine out from the body. A muscle
at the back of the bladder contracts during ejaculation to prevent
urine from entering the urethra.
9. TEST YOURSELF.
1. What is another name for the uterus?
a. stomach b. womb c. ovary d. marrow
2. What is the name of the tube that carries the egg cell to the uterus?
a. fallopian b. urethra c. aorta d. Vagina
3. What do the ovaries store?
a. Semen b. embryos c. sperm d. egg cells
4. The cervix is the connection between which two structures?
a. penis and testicles b. fallopian tube and ovary
c. vagina and uterus d. elbow and wrist
5. Only girls have a urethra.
a. True b. False c. Definitely d. Maybe
10. TEST YOURSELF.
6. Name the parts labeled A and B in the diagram.
a. A=prostate gland B=urethra
b. A=scrotum B=prostate gland
c. A=scrotum B=urethra
d. A=sperm duct B=penis
11. TEST YOURSELF.
7. The diagram shows a sperm. The tail enables the sperm to swim. Why
does the sperm need to be able to swim?
a. In order to get the egg
b. Because it is a member of the fish family
c. So that it does not drown in the semen
d. To travel around in the testicle
8. Which of the following is not part of the male reproductive system?
a. seminal vesicles
b. urethra
c. prostate gland
d. kidney
12. TEST YOURSELF.
9. The tube that connects to the bladder and carries urine out of the body is
called the___________?
a. artery b. fallopian c. penis d. Urethra
10. Which of the following surrounds the testicles?
a. The sperm duct b. The scrotum c. The urethra d. The penis
11. Another name for the sex cell is ___________.
a. hormone b. gamete c. zygote d. testicle
12. A gamete is the name given to the sex cell produced by either parent. What
is the name of the male gamete?
a. Egg b. Sperm c. Semen d. hormone
13. TEST YOURSELF.
12. Name the part labeled X in the diagram that produces fluids which
help the sperm to swim?
a. Ureter b. Prostate gland
c. Urethra d. Scrotum
13. Where is the hormone testosterone made?
a. penis b. uterus c. testicles d. kidney
14. Identify the parts labeled A and B in the diagram of a sperm shown.
a. A=nucleus B=leg
b. A=head B=nucleus
c. A=nucleus B=tail
d. A=head B=tail
15. 15. What is the purpose of the little hairs inside the nose?
a. To fight disease. b. They serve no purpose.
c. To keep dust out of the lungs. d. To tickle the nose and cause sneezes.
16. What is another name for the windpipe?
a. Lungs b. Larynx c. esophagus d. Trachea
18. Air can enter the body and travel to the lungs _____________________.
a. through the mouth b. through the esophagus and gullet
c. through the windpipe and the pores d. thru the nose and the nervous system
19. What is the respiratory system?
a. The body’s breathing system. b. The body’s system of nerves.
c. The body’s food processing system. d. The body’s blood transferring system.
20. What happens to the windpipe, or trachea, before it reaches the lungs?
a. It branches in two directions b. It branches in three directions.
c. It vibrates and creates sounds. d. It closes up so that no oxygen can escape.
16. 21. What important activity takes place in the lungs?
a. Food is digested. b. Liquid waste is filtered from the blood.
c. Oxygen is exchanged for carbon dioxide. d. The trachea is exchanged for the larynx.
22. Oxygen moves from the lungs into the bloodstream through _______________.
a. nerve fibers b. a large artery in the heart
c. small blood vessels in the lungs d. a tube in the lungs called the jugular vein
23. When we breathe in, we inhale many gases, including oxygen. What happens to the gases
that the body can't use?
a. They are exhaled. b. They are changed into oxygen by the lungs.
c. They circulate through the body and are disposed of later.
d. They are absorbed into the digestive system and used to create energy.
24. What are lungs for?
a. To digest food. B. To help us breath.
c. To help us be active. D. To help us excrete waste
25. What body structure protects the lungs from outside harm?
a. Cartilage b. Tiny sacs c. The rib cage d. The diaphragm
17. 26. To go on living, the body's cells need food, water, chemicals, and _____________.
a. helium b. oxygen c. vegetables d. carbon dioxide
27. What happens when you breathe in?
a. your diaphragm expands and your ribcage contracts
b. your diaphragm contracts and your ribcage expands
c. your diaphragm explodes and your ribcage contradicts
d. All of the above
28. What are bronchial tubes?
a. air passages inside your lungs b. blood vessels inside your body
c. tiny air sacs that deliver oxygen to the blood d. none of the above
29. Air enters your lungs through the __________.
a. trachea b. esophagus c. alveoli d. bronchial tubes
30. What systems are working together during the process of respiration?
a. Respiratory and lymphatic system. B. Respiratory and cardiovascular system.
c. Lymphatic and cardiovascular system. D. Respiratory, lymphatic & cardiovascular system.
18. URINARY SYSTEM AND ITS FUNCTIONS
The urinary system removes substances from the blood in the
form of urine and regulates various metabolic processes. The urinary
system is made up of two kidneys, two ureters, the urinary bladder, two
sphincters and the urethra.
Two kidneys - a pair of purplish-brown organs located below the
ribs toward the middle of the back. Their function is to remove liquid
waste from the blood in the form of urine; keep a stable balance of
salts and other substances in the blood; and produce erythropoietin, a
hormone that aids the formation of red blood cells.
The kidneys remove urea from the blood through tiny filtering units
called nephrons. Each nephron consists of a ball formed of small blood
capillaries, called a glomerulus, and a small tube called a renal tubule.
Urea, together with water and other waste substances, forms the urine
as it passes through the nephrons and down the renal tubules of the
kidney.
19. URINARY SYSTEM AND ITS FUNCTIONS
Two ureters - narrow tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the
bladder. Muscles in the ureter walls continually tighten and relax forcing
urine downward, away from the kidneys. If urine backs up, or is allowed
to stand still, a kidney infection can develop. About every 10 to 15
seconds, small amounts of urine are emptied into the bladder from the
ureters
Bladder - a triangle-shaped, hollow organ located in the lower
abdomen. It is held in place by ligaments that are attached to other
organs and the pelvic bones. The bladder's walls relax and expand to
store urine, and contract and flatten to empty urine through the
urethra. The typical healthy adult bladder can store up to two cups of
urine for two to five hours.
20. URINARY SYSTEM AND ITS FUNCTIONS
• Two sphincter muscles - circular muscles that help keep urine from
leaking by closing tightly like a rubber band around the opening of
the bladder.
• Nerves in the bladder - alert a person when it is time to urinate, or
empty the bladder.
• Urethra - the tube that allows urine to pass outside the body. The brain
signals the bladder muscles to tighten, which squeezes urine out of the
bladder. At the same time, the brain signals the sphincter muscles to
relax to let urine exit the bladder through the urethra. When all the
signals occur in the correct order, normal urination occurs.
21. 31. The urinary system includes all but which of the following?
a. Urethra b. ureters c. kidneys d. adrenal glands
32. What are you doing when your diaphragm and rib muscles contract and air enters
the space created inside your chest cavity?
a. Coughing b. Eating c. Inhaling d. Exhaling
33. Functions of the urinary system include all of the following except:
a. Regulating blood volume.
b. Conserving nutrients by preventing their excretion in the urine.
c. Regulating plasma concentrations of ions by controlling the amount lost in the
urine.
d. Regulating blood pressure.
34. What is the purpose of the little hair inside the nose?
a. To fight disease. B. They serve no purpose.
c. To keep dust out of the lungs. d. To tickle the nose and cause sneezes.
22. 35. Structurally, a kidney is__________________.
a. approximately the size of a full gall bladder.
b. soft enough to change shape dramatically in response to the activity of
abdominal organs that might constrict it.
c. covered by four capsular layers.
d. kidney-bean shaped.
36. A glomerulus___________________________.
a. is a portion of the proximal convoluted tubule.
b. occurs in the Loop of Henle.
c. filters urine just prior to its exit from the kidney.
d. is a capillary knot contained within the renal corpuscle.
37. Which of the following is not true of nephrons?
a. There are roughly 2.5 million nephrons in each kidney.
b. Each nephron consists of a long renal tubule.
c. They can be viewed only with a microscope.
d. One type occurs only in the medulla of the kidney.
23. 38. A nephron has two parts, and these are the______________.
a. glomerulus and collecting duct.
b. renal corpuscle and renal tubules.
c. collecting duct and convoluted tubules.
d. proximal convoluted tubule and distal convoluted tubules
39. The renal medulla is composed of tissue called ______.
a. renal pyramids b. nephrons c. renal sinus d. renal pelvis
40. Which is found in the highest concentration in the urine?
a. Uric acid b. Urea c. Glucose d. Creatinine
41. The ___________________ is the functional unit of the kidney.
a. renal pyramid b. renal medulla c. nephron d. renal cortex
42. Where is the location of the external urethral sphincter in the human male?
a. prostatic urethra b. spongy urethra
c. membranous urethra d. tip of the penis
24. 4c. An infection of the urinary bladder is termed _________________.
a. Urethritis b. cystitis c. nephritis d. glomerulonephritis
4d. How is excess salts and minerals from the bladder remove?
a. by respiration b. by the sweat glands
c. by digestion d. by urination
45. Which organ excretes urine?
a. Kidneys b. sweat glands c. large intestine d. anus
25. CLASSIFICATION OF VERTEBRATES
Vertebrates possess a skull that protects the brain. Vertebrate skulls
house the sensory organs for taste, smell, hearing and vision. Most vertebrates
have two pairs of appendages which can take the form of wings, flippers, fins,
arms or legs.
26. CLASSIFICATION OF VERTEBRATES
1. Amphibians - live both on land and in the water. They are cold-
blooded animals with three- chambered heart.
2. Mammals - generally considered the most advanced members of the
animal kingdom.
3. Reptiles - they have either an outer covering of scales or thick,
leathery plates.
4. Birds - they are warm-blooded, they consume a great deal of
food to maintain their body temperature.
5. Fishes - are vertebrates with special characteristics that allow
them to spend all or part of their lives in water.
27. 46. What do you call animals that are cold-blooded with three-chambered heart
as well as other organs are commonly found?
a. Birds b. Mammals c. Amphibians d. Fish
47. What are the typical examples of amphibians?
a. Frogs, toads and salamanders b. Giraffe, cat and dogs
c. Sharks, salmon and trout d. Turtles, reptiles and lizards
48. How do amphibians protect themselves?
a. by quickly scurrying away from danger
b. absorb oxygen into their bodies through their skin
c. they need parental care to protect them.
d. by hiding into the grasses.
49. The picture below shows several different birds.
What characteristic do all birds share?
a. They can fly.
b. They have feathers.
c. They have webbed feet.
d. They eat worms.
28. 50. Which of the following questions is testable in a scientific investigation?
a. Are dogs better pets than cats?
b. b. Are dogs happy when they are walked?
c. Are cats more active at night than during the day?
d. Are cats easier to take care of than dogs?
51. What are the special characteristic of a fish and amphibians?
a. Allow them to spend all of part their lives in water.
b. They are oviparous and lay eggs with brittle shells which must be incubated while they
develop.
c. They breathe exclusively through the use of well-developed lungs.
d. They possess hair that can cover all or part of their bodies.
52. Which of the following mammals belong to phylum Chordata?
a. giraffe b. dog c. elephant d. frog
29. 53. The following are characteristics of mammals, which one does not belong to the group?
a. They are members of Phylum Chordata.
b. They are the most advanced members of the animal kingdom.
c. They are nourished with milk secreted by the mammary glands of their mothers.
d. They are more sophisticated than other types of animals.
54. What are the two classes of fish?
a. Chondrichthyes and osteichtyhyes b. Aves and reptilia
c. Chordata and mammalia d. All of the above
55. What are the common characteristics of a bird?
a. They are warm blooded.
b. They consume s great deal to maintain their body temperature
c. Have highly efficient respiratory system and a fast beating.
d. All of the above
56. Which group of animals has bones?
a. Vertebrates b. Invertebrates c. Subphylum Vertebrata d. Chordata
30. CHARACTERISTICS THAT ENABLE ANIMALS TO
SURVIVE IN AN ENVIRONMENT.
Animals characteristics include numerous adaptations that enable
them to survive in a wide range of environments. They live in nearly every habitat
around the globe, from frigid polar regions, to turbulent seas, to dense tropical
forests. Animals also possess body structures that help them get their food. They
also possess body structures to protect themselves .
Modern mammals range in stature from tiny field mice to massive
whales and although various species may look drastically different, all mammals
still share a unifying set of characteristics. Some mammal characteristics—such as
their hair, mammary glands, and three specialized middle-ear bones—are shared
by no other groups of animals.
31. CHARACTERISTICS THAT ENABLE ANIMALS TO
SURVIVE IN AN ENVIRONMENT.
Fish are found nearly everywhere there is water with
enough food, oxygen and cover. Near your home there should be a
body of water that has fish living in it.
Amphibians have adapted to survive in many different
types of habitats. They can be found in forests, woodlots, meadows,
springs, streams, rivers, lakes, ponds, bogs, marshes, swamps, vernal
ponds and even farmland.
32. CHARACTERISTICS THAT ENABLE ANIMALS TO
SURVIVE IN AN ENVIRONMENT.
ANIMAL ADAPTATION
1. MIMICRY – Imitating the shapes, colors, smells or sounds of other animals.
2. MIGRATION – Movement of animals to warmer places during winter. Movement
from one place to another during certain seasons of the year.
3. CAMOUFLAGE – Copying the features of a superior animal to protect oneself from
its enemies.
4. GROUP LIFE – Animals gathering together usually following a leader.
5. ESTIVATION – Deep sleep during summer that lasts for a long time.
6. HIBERNATION – Deep sleep during winter that last for a long time.
7. PROTECTIVE COLORATION – Blending of an animal’s color to its surrounding.
33. 58. Which of the following animals live in the pond?
a. rabbit b. milkfish c. dove d. cat
59. Koala bears live on ___________.
a. fruit bearing tree b. mountain c. eucalyptus Three d. acacia tree
60. What kind of poison does Puffer fish have?
a. Venom b. Tetradon Toxin c. Cyanide d. ethanol
61. Mosquitoes breed and stay in _____________________.
a. clear stagnant water b. trees and bushes
c. rice field with plenty of grains d. inside the house
62. Most animals sleep during winter, what do we call this?
a. Camouflage b. Hibernation c. Estivation d. Rainy season
63. Largest bird in existence, this bird cannot fly although it has a pair of wings.
a. Kiwi b. Ostrich c. Vulture d. Dove
34. 64. Animals that can blend with its surrounding are called ___________.
a. camouflage b. blending c. coloring d. eagle
65. Which of these animals demonstrates cryptic coloration?
a. native ducks b. bumble bee c. grasshopper d. tamaraw
66. Which of these describes cryptic coloration?
a. blends with the environment b. changes the environment
c. changes in color d. invisibleness
• 67. Some animals like fish can live only in water. Some animals can live only in land.
Why can animals live in a particular environment?
a. They live where they can get food.
b. They live where the temperature is hot
c. They live where they have no enemies.
d. They live where the temperature is cold.
68. Where would you most likely find a bird with long, stilt-like legs, pointed beak?
a. River b. Garden c. Forest d. Desert
35. 69. Why do polar bears have thick furs?
a. So that they can walk fast. B. So they can sleep better.
c. So that they are good to look at. C. So that they can always feel warm.
70. Which of the following animal characteristics in NOT mimicry?
a. Frogs change their colors.
b. Turtles hide under their hard shells
c. Walking sticks blends with twigs and under bush.
d. Sphinx moth resembles its wooden resting place.
71. Animals live in places where they can find food and shelter. Which animal is
mostly likely in frigid climates?
a. Camel b. Polar Bear c. Lion d. Monkey
72. Why do many desert animals eat meat?
a. Desert animals do not like plants.
b. Desert animals cannot chew grass.
c. Desert animals always hide under the ground.
d. There are more meats than plants in the desert.
36. 73. How do animals in cold places adapt to his cold surroundings?
a. They have thick skin to keep their body warm.
b. Their body’s color blends with their surroundings.
c. They have layers of fats to keep their body warm.
d. They have feathers or hair to keep their body warm.
7d. How does a skunk protect itself from its enemies?
a. It blends its color with the environment.
b. It mimics the sound and shape of its prey.
c. It secretes a foul-smelling substance that keeps its enemies away.
d. They play dead.
75. How do ants, monkeys and elephants protect themselves from their enemies?
a. They group themselves.
b. They develop strong legs for running.
c. They produce loud cries to scare away their enemies.
d. They change color that blends with the surroundings.
37. • 76. How do bears prepare themselves for hibernation?
a. They grow large thick furs.
b. They build nests for themselves.
c. They change the color of their furs.
d. They eat enormous amount of food just before winter.
38. DESCRIBE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF DIFFERENT
KINDS OF PLANTS.
• Plants have special characteristics which help them adapt to their environment.
•
1. PROTOPHILIC – Plants that adapt to intense light.
2. PHOTOPHOBIC – Plants that grow in shady areas
3. PARASITE PLANTS – Non-green plants survived by getting food from other living
things.
4. SAPROPYTES – plants line on the body of once living thing.
5. HYDROPYTES – Plants with special structures that allow the passage and storage of
air within their tissues.
39. 77. The branches and stems of plants move towards source of light. This type of movement is
called _____.
a. geotropism b. hydrotropism c. chemotropism d. phototropism
78. Seeds are dispersed from one place to another. Which seed is best suited for dispersal
by means of animals like birds?
a. Narra b. Guava c. Coconut d. Mango
79. How do colors of flowers help the plant in reproduction?
a. They help in beatifying the garden.
b. they drive insects that harm the plants.
c. They attract insects that help in reproduction of plants.
d. To attract insects that protects plants from harmful enemies.
80. Why do coconut seeds and fruits easily float on water?
a. They have light husks.
b. They have seeds in cones.
c. They have smooth coverings.
d. They have feathery structures.
40. 81. What characteristics make the water hyacinth float in water?
a. Light weight of the plants. B. Light, rounded, waxy leaves.
c. Bulbous stems filled with air. D. Spreading, feathery root stem.
82. Why mosses able to live on damp rocks?
a. Because they can make rock slippery.
b. Because they can cut down water loss.
c. Because they can give off carbon dioxide.
d. Because they can absorb water better in this place.
83. What makes rain and snow easily slide of pine trees?
I. Its waxy-coated leaves.
II. Its needle-shaped leaves.
III. Its drooping leaves and branches.
a. I and II only b. I and III only c. II and III only d. I, II and III
84. Which plants have leaf surfaces covered with hairs?
a. Mango b. Squash c. Tomatoes d. Calamansi
41. 85. Some people plant bougainvillea along fences to prevent people from
passing through. What prevents people from touching or getting near
bougainvillea plant?
a. It has hooks.
b. It has sticky juice.
c. It has sharp thorns.
d. It has unpleasant smell.
86. How do some mushrooms protect themselves from animals?
a. By growing spines.
b. By having fine hairs.
c. By producing poison.
d. By emitting bad smell
42. DIFFERENTIATE PHYSICAL FROM CHEMICAL
CHANGES/PROCESSES
1. PHYSICAL CHANGE – Involves the change in phase, size, and shape of
matter but not changing its chemical properties. It does not produce new
substances. The new form may be changed back in to the old form.
Tearing cutting crumpling
Drying pounding breaking
Molding bending shaping
43. DIFFERENTIATE PHYSICAL FROM CHEMICAL
CHANGES/PROCESSES
2. CHEMICAL CHANGE – It alters the chemical characteristics of matter, thus
forming a new substance. It cannot return to its former structure.
Some evidences of chemical changes are:
formation of gas
formation of precipitate
change in color
production of light and heat energy
burning, cooking, rusting, decaying, fermenting.
44. 87. Michelle hung wet clothes outsides the house during a sunny day. After hours they
all dried up. What change took place?
a. Physical change b. Chemical change
c. Physical and chemical change. D. None of the above.
88. Hazel heated the sugar to make syrup. What change was brought by heating?
a. Physical change b. Chemical change
c. Physical and chemical change d. No change at all
89. Your mother brought ½ Kilo raw mangoes from the market. She placed them in a
basket. After 3 days, the green mangoes turned yellowish in color. What changes
took place?
a. Physical change b. Chemical change
c. Energy change d. Electrical change
90.A child pours water into a plastic container in the freezers. After an hour it turned
ice. What change took place?
a. Physical change b. Chemical change
c. Energy change d. Electrical change
45. 91. How can you produce a chemical change in wood?
a. Chop it b. Cut it into many tiny places c. Burn it d. Put it in water
For Items Number 92 and 93, refer to the box listing the different changes take place.
9b. Which are examples of chemical change?
a. A, B, C
b. A, B, F
c. B, D, F
d. C, D, E
9c. Which are examples of physical change?
a. A, B, C
b. A, B, F
c. C, D, E
d. D, E, F
A. Ripening of fruits D Evaporating saltwater
B. Burning of wood E. Sewing cloth into a dress
C. Cementing processes F. Coconut water turning into vinegar
46. For item 94, refer to the box below.
9d. Which statement is true about the changes in the two given examples?
a. I is physical change. II is chemical change.
b. I is chemical change. II is physical change.
c. I and II are physical changes.
d. I and II are chemical changes.
95. Which of the following is a result of a chemical change?
a. Frozen water
b. Broken glass
c. Chopped wood
d. Tarnished silverware
96.Which of the following is a result of physical change?
a. An iron nail becomes rusty.
b. Burning a piece of paper.
c. Nail polish was removed from the fingernails using acetone.
d. Mixing of salt and water.
I – melting ice
II – melting wax
47. OXYGEN –CARBON DIOXIDE CYCLE
•
• An ecosystem has materials that plants and animals used in order to
live. Among these materials are oxygen and carbon-dioxide.
• Oxygen is a gas released as a by-product of photosynthesis. It is cycled
in the environment.
• Carbon dioxide is released in respiration .It is also released when
decomposition occurs.
• Oxygen is released by plant sand is taken in by animals for respiration
while carbon dioxide is taken in by plants for photosynthesis.
48. 97. In the carbon-oxygen cycle carbon gas and oxygen gas mixes in the ____________.
a, atmosphere b. soil c. fossil fuel d. factories
98. Carbon dioxide is taken in by plants through the process called_______________.
a. symbiosis b. photosynthesis c. chemical process d. All of the above
99. Carbon gas can be stored underneath the earth as a _____________.
a. fossil fuel b. soil c. water d. garbage
100. Carbon- dioxide is one of the gases that cause the warming of the atmosphere. This
condition is known as the ____________.
a. global warming b. green house effect c. thermal energy d. heat
49. 101 .The cycle shown in the illustration below is ____________.
a. carbon cycle b. carbon –oxygen cycle
c. oxygen cycle d. none of these
102. Which statement is true about the plants in the illustration?
a. They give off carbon-dioxide for animals use.
b. They give off oxygen for children use in breathing
c. They need oxygen to synthesize glucose and photosynthesis
d. They need carbon-dioxide from the sun to manufacture food.
103. Which statement is true about the animals in the illustration?
a. They give-off carbon-dioxide for plants use
b. They need carbon-dioxide from the plants for breathing
c. They give off oxygen gas for plants use in photosynthesis.
d. They need the sun which provide them oxygen for breathing
50. The plants and the fish in the aquarium show a basic type of ecosystem.
104. Which statements above illustrate the dependence of one organism to another?
a. The fish can make food through the help of the plants
b. The fish needs the plants for reproduction and the plants need the fish for
protection.
c. The fish need carbon-dioxide from the plants for respiration and the plants oxygen
from the fish for photosynthesis.
d. All of the above.
105. What will if the supply of carbon –dioxide is permanently cut off?
a. Green plants will grow b. Photosynthesis cannot take place
c. Animals can not undergo respiration d. All of the above
106. What is a by-product of respiration?
a. Oxygen b. Carbon –dioxide and water c. Nitrogen d. Both 1 & 2