The document summarizes the key functions and components of the digestive, respiratory, excretory, and circulatory systems. The digestive system breaks down food, the respiratory system facilitates gas exchange, the excretory system removes waste, and the circulatory system transports nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones and more throughout the body via the heart, blood and blood vessels. Each system consists of specific organs and pathways that work together to carry out their essential roles in nutrition and maintaining life.
Life of every organism depends on certain basic processes. Excretion is one among them. Different organisms follow different modes of excretion. In complex organisms including humans, there is a specialized system for excretion called human excretory system.
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For each mammalian organ system, list the organs and their function. .pdfarhamgarmentsdelhi
For each mammalian organ system, list the organs and their function. Respiratory Circulatory:
Digestive: Immune:
Solution
1....Main Parts of the Respiratory System and their Functions:
1. The nostrils: They bring air into the nose, where air is warmed and humidified. The tiny hairs
referred to as cilia filters out dirt and other debris in the air and protects the nasal passage and
different regions of the respiration tract.
2.Trachea: The trachea is also referred to as windpipe. The trachea filters the air we inhale.
3.Bronchi: The bronchi are the two air tubes that branch off of from the trachea and deliver
atmospheric air at once into the lungs.
4.Lungs: The major organ of the respiratory machine is lungs, oxygen is taken into and carbon
dioxide is expelled out. The red blood cells un the blood picks up the oxygen inside the lungs
and deliver and distribute the oxygen to all body cells.
5.Alveolus: gaseous exchange takes place.
6.Diaphragm: Breathing starts off evolved . When we breathe in the diaphragm contracts and
flatten out and pull downward. Due to this motion the space within the lungs will increase and
pulls air into the lungs. When we breathe out, the diaphragm expands and decreases the amount
of space for the lungs and forces air out.
2...Digestive organs and their functions:
Mouth
Mixes food with salivary secretion; taste, chewing
Salivary glands
Lubricate food; produce buffers and enzymes that begin digestion
Pharynx
Passageway shared with respiratory system, leads to esophagus
Esophagus
Delivers food to stomach
Stomach
Secretes acids and digestive enzymes that break down proteins
Small intestine
Secretes enzymes and other factors for nutrient digestion; absorbs nutrients
Liver
Secretesbile (required for lipid digestion); synthesizes blood proteins; stores lipid and
carbohydrate reserves
Gallbladder
Stores biles for release into small intestine
Pancreas
Secretes digestive enzymes and buffers into small intestine; produces hormones
Large intestine
Removes water from nondigested material; stores wastes
3....Excretory system and their functions:
Kidney
organs in the excretory system where waste is filtered out of the blood
ureter
tubes that connect the nephron to the bladder
urethra
tube through which urine exits the body
bladder
where urine is stored until you \"go to the bathroom\"
nephron
small capsule in the kidneys where excess water, salts, and urea are removed from the
bloodstream and other materials are put back into the blood
4....Reproductive organs:
Male reproductive organs:
testis
produces sperm
epididymis
stores sperm
vas deferens
transports sperm to urethra
urethra
receives seminal secretions from testes and accessory glands; also drains excretory products from
urinary bladder
seminal vesicles
secrete alkaline fluids that aid in neutralizing acidity and contain nutrients to promote sperm
motility and viability and hormones to stimulate uterine contractions
bulbourethral glands
secretes alkaline fluid to neutralize aci.
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2. The funtion of nutrition is
esential to life.
The digestive system,the
respiratory system,the
circulatory system and the
excretory system carry out
the funtion of nutrition.
3. The digestive system has two
parts : the digestive tract and
the digestive glands.
4. 1-The mouth has salivary glands
that produces saliva,theet that
chew food and a tonge that mixes
chewed food with saliva to form a
ball of food.
2-The pharynx connects the mouth
and the oesophagus.
5. 3-The oesophagus transports the
food to the stomach.
4-The stomach is where the food
mixes with gastric juices.
5-The liver secretes bile.
6-The pancreas helps in the
digestion of proteins.
6. 7-The small intestine is the longest
part of the digestive tract.Nutrients
pass into the blood through its walls.
8-The large intestine absorbs water
which passes to the blood.And
finally,undigestive substances are
expelled through the anus.
7.
8. THE DIGESTIVE
SYSTEM
The funtion of the respiratory system
is breath
The respiratory system makes two
movements:
Inhale:the air goes into the lungs.
Exhale:the air goes outside the
body
9. PARTS OF THE
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
1-The nostrils are two openings in
the nose. They filter the air that we
breathe
2-The pharynx connects the
larynx,the oesophagus and the
trachea
3 – the larynx contains the vocal
cords.They produce sound.
10. PARTS OF THE
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM II
4-The trachea is a tube that takes
air into the bronchi
5-the bronchi are two branches of
the trachea.They take air to the
lungs.
6-The lungs are spongy organs
made up of small sacs called
alveoli.
11. PARTS OF THE
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM III
7-When we breathe,the oxygen in
the air goes to the blood through
the alveoli,and the carbon dioxide
from the blood is released outside
the body.
8-the diaphragm is the muscle that
creates the movements involved in
breathing.
13. Theexcretory system filters waste
substances from the blood. It removes
them from the body through excretion.
The excretory system is made up of :
The urinary system :This is made up
of the kidneys and the urinary tract
Sweat glands : in the skin
14. 1-The kidneys remove waste
substances from the blood and
they make urine.
2-the ureters take urine from the
kidneys to the bladder.
3-The bladder stores the urine.
4-the urethra connects the bladder
to the outside.
15.
16. THE CIRCULATORY
SYSTEM
The circulatory system transports
nutrients and oxygen to our cells. It
is made up of heart,blood and blood
vessels.
Heart:is a muscular organ that
pumps blood around the body.
Blood :collects oxygen from the
alveoli and nutrients and transports
them to all the cells.
17. THE CIRCULATORY
SYSTEM II
The blood vessels:are the tubes
through which blood circulates.There
are three types of blood vessels:
Arteries:carry blood from the heart
to the rest of the body.
Venis:carry blood from over the
body back to the heart
Capillaries:are very thin vessels
that reach all the cells of the body.
19. The blood is a red liquid tissue made up
of cells that float in a liquid called
plasma.
There are three types of red blood cells:
Red blood cells carry oxygen.
White blood cells remove bacteria
and viruses from the blood.
Plateles are small fragments of cells
that form blood clots.
20.
21. The heart uses rhythmic systole
and diastole movements to pump
the blood around the body.
Blood enters the atria through the
veins and passes to the
ventricles.Blood comes out of the
ventricles,through the arteries and
travels all over the body.
22.
23. Human circulation is closed and double.
Human circulation is closed:in
mammals,the heart septum separetes the
two halves of the heart.
Human circulation is double:the blood
follows two routes:
Pulmonary circulation
Systemic circulation