The document provides guidance on science writing. It discusses that science writing is meant for a general audience to make science approachable. An effective science writer tells an interesting story that further investigates the world around us. Science writing is a conversation between writer and reader to communicate information in an enthusiastic way. The key aspects of science writing are clear communication, anticipating reader understanding, connecting scientists with the public, and reporting on topics that affect people's lives.
A short of introduction of science journalism. This presentation was created with the purpose of encouraging school papers to have a regular science section and to train teachers on how to develop science journalists.
A short of introduction of science journalism. This presentation was created with the purpose of encouraging school papers to have a regular science section and to train teachers on how to develop science journalists.
What should school papers contain? Sharing with you all sample articles from various issues of our school paper "The Bicol Scholar". I also give lectures on school paper content. Email me at gurugeri@gmail.com or message me on Facebook (https://www.facebook.com/sir.jerry). Have fun and good luck on your school paper production endeavors!
What should school papers contain? Sharing with you all sample articles from various issues of our school paper "The Bicol Scholar". I also give lectures on school paper content. Email me at gurugeri@gmail.com or message me on Facebook (https://www.facebook.com/sir.jerry). Have fun and good luck on your school paper production endeavors!
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ENGL 123 Informative and Surprising Essay Instructions (1014) .docxYASHU40
ENGL 123 Informative and Surprising Essay Instructions (1014)
The Informative and Surprising Essay
This assignment requires you to write an essay that follows the surprising reversal pattern.
Keep in mind that, although your purpose is to change the reader’s view, you are not writing a
persuasive argument. You are not trying to convince a resisting reader that a particular value or
policy is wrong. Instead, you are trying to expand the view of an open-minded reader by
providing new information.
You must do four things to get full credit for the assignment:
1. Write an informative essay of 500-550 words.
2. Give the common view or, if you ask a question, give the expected answer to your
question.
3. Present your surprising reversal.
4. Use specific details to make your ideas clear and concrete.
In addition, if you use outside sources, you must give credit to your sources. However, since
we have not yet covered APA-style documentation in class, no deductions will be made for
violations of format. You must, however, name the source of your information in your paper
and list the source at the end of your paper. Deductions will be made if no attempt is made to
cite the source.
If you use your own experiences as support for your thesis, this is fine—and you may use first-
person words (I, me, my, mine). This tone is appropriate, since you do not want to refer to
yourself in the third person.
This assignment may be revised.
English 1130READING FOR RHETORICAL CONTEXTCritical Readers have a keen interest in the rhetorical context of the text. When we speak of rhetoric, we mean the author’s use for language for an intended effect. An important word here is intended. Both writing and reading are intentional. They are deliberate actions, guided by a purpose.
Rhetorical context: author’s purpose, author’s intended audience, circumstances of production, author’s position toward other texts, the larger conversation.
When you do a close reading of the text focusing on its content, genre, organization, and stylistic features, you perform a textual analysis. Another type of analysis is also important: rhetorical analysis. Rhetorical analysis examines the author’s purpose and motivation for writing the text, the intended audience, the circumstances surrounding the text’s production, the author’s position toward other writers and other texts, and the larger conversation of which the text is part. It also explores how the author’s choice of genre, organizational structure, and stylistic features advances his/her purpose. To perform a rhetorical analysis, ask yourself the questions in the box below.
QUESTIONS FOR ANALYZING THE RHETORICAL CONTEXT OF TEXTS
· What is the author’s purpose? What do I perceive as the effect the author intends to have on the audience? What role does the author assume in relation to the audience?
· What do I know about the author’s credibility and background?
· How does th ...
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RELATE: Research Labs for Training Journalists. 80 journalism students are sent on one-week study tours to EU-funded research labs, where they shadow and interview researchers. Subjects cover everything from climate change modelling to cultural heritage, aeronautics, photonics, and vaccine research for TB and cancer.
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Allow enough time. Before you can write about the research, yo.docxgreg1eden90113
Allow enough time. Before you can write about the research, you have to understand it.
This can often take a lot longer than most people realize. Only when you can clearly
read the article are you ready to write about it.
Scan the article first. If you try to read a new article from start to finish, you'll get bogged down in detail. Instead, use your knowledge of APA
format to find the main points. Briefly look at each section to identify:
the research question and reason for the study (stated in the Introduction)
the hypothesis or hypotheses tested (Introduction)
how the hypothesis was tested (Method)
the findings (Results, including tables and figures)
how the findings were interpreted (Discussion)
Underline key sentences or write the key point (e.g., hypothesis, design) of each paragraph in the margin. Although the abstract can help you to
identify the main points, you cannot rely on it exclusively, because it contains very condensed information. Remember to focus on the parts of the
article that are most relevant.
Plagiarism. Plagiarism is al avoid it:
Take notes in your own words. Using short notes or summarizing key points in your own words forces you to rewrite the ideas into your own words
later.
If you find yourself sticking closely to the original language and making only minor changes to the wording, then you probably don't understand the
study
Writing the Summary
Like an abstract in a published research article, the purpose of an article summary is to give the reader a brief overview of the study. To write a good
summary, identify what information is important and condense that information for your reader. The better you understand a subject, the easier it is to
explain it thoroughly and briefly.
Write a first draft. Use the same order as in the article itself. Adjust the length accordingly depending on the content of your particular article and
how you will be using the summary. For the first draft, focus on content, not length (it will probably be too long). Condense later as needed. Try
writing about the hypotheses, methods and results first, then about the introduction and discussion last. If you have trouble on one section, leave it for
a while and try another.
Edit for completeness and accuracy. Add information for completeness where necessary. More commonly, if you understand the article, you will
need to cut redundant or less important information. Stay focused on the research question, be concise, and avoid generalities.
Edit for style. Expect your readers to be interested, but don't make them struggle to understand you. Include all the important details; don't assume
that they are already understood.
Eliminate wordiness, including most adverbs ("very", "clearly"). "The results
be shortened to "There was no significant difference between the groups".
Use specific, concrete language. Use precise language and cite specific examples to support assertions. Avoid vague refer.
The Research Process for the Informative Speech.1. GENERAL PUR.docxoreo10
The Research Process for the Informative Speech.
1. GENERAL PURPOSE
o Determine what type of speech you are doing: informative or persuasive
Example: To inform the class
2. SPECIFIC PURPOSE
o Determine what your topic will be - several of the databases may give you some ideas.
Example: To inform the class about the film director Steven Spielberg.
3. THESIS STATEMENT with 3 main points
o Determine your 3 main points. The databases will often help you locate 3 main points.
o General Purpose + Specific Purpose + 3 main points = Thesis Statement
Example: I will talk about Steven Spielberg’s early years, his film career, and his philanthropic efforts.
4. After forming your thesis statement, GATHER INFORMATION.
TIP: By putting your information into NOODLETOOLS, you’ll have all of your information ready for
the final outline! (Use of NOODLETOOLS is optional. Make sure your citations are in MLA style)
o Start at the Library homepage: http://libguides.elcentrocollege.edu/
o click the pull-down menu for SEARCH BY COURSE OR TOPIC > click on SPEECH
OR
o click the pull-down menu for SEARCH BY COURSE OR TOPIC > click on specific topic, such
as BIOGRAPHY, MEDICINE
o Search the databases for relevant information. You’ll find the BEST BET databases on the Library Guide to Speech opening page. Remember, you must use a minimum of 3 database sources BUT allof your articles can come from one database.
o Look for information that will provide:
Attention-getter to open with impact
o Examples: a startling fact or statistic, expert quote, an anecdote, personal story
Connect to the audience.. motivating the audience to listen to what you have to say.
o Examples: a personalizing statistic or a story that helps the audience “see” how they
PERSONALLY could be affected
3 main points (body of the speech):
o Gather 2 or more credible, reliable supportive pieces of evidence for each main point
o Find 5-10 sentences to support each main point
o Examples : testimony, definitions, statistics, expert quotes, examples
Conclusion
o A memorable thought or impact statement
Visual support (for PowerPoint).
o Examples: images, charts, graphs
5. Give credit to your sources – create your WORKS CITED as you gather your information.
o NoodleTools - creates and alphabetizes your citations AND stores your notes!
6. Complete your OUTLINE.
o Make sure to put the source of statistics, quotes, etc., in parenthetical quotes.
Example: According to the Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine, diabetes is one of the leading causes ofdeath in the United States. (Holohan)
7. Create your POWERPOINT.
o Do not rewrite your speech in PowerPoint. Your viewers can read faster than you can talk!
o A speech PowerPoint should contain pictures - not slides containing lots of text! As a guide,limit the entire PowerPoint presentation to less than 12 words.
Keep the audience interested by including a picture that enhances what you are saying but doesn't replace what you are saying.
8. Present your Spe ...
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17. It has to be said that Science Writing
should be distinguished from scientific
writing, like that done in lab reports and
research papers and textbooks, writing
directed towards an audience of researchers
or members of a particular field.
What is Science Writing
18. Science Writing is meant for a general
audience, accessible to all levels of
knowledge and understanding, for non-
experts and “non-scientists.”
What is Science Writing
19. Science Writing is a co-constructive
conversation between writer and reader, a
means of telling a story and communicating
an interesting set of information, of
furthering investigations into the world
around us and into ourselves.
What is Science Writing
20. Science Writing is an effort to make
science, something often seen as cold and
analytical, something enthusiastic and
approachable.
What is Science Writing
21. Science Writing is storytelling, plain and
simple, and a means by which we can learn
and communicate.
What is Science Writing
22. A science writer should be able to
communicate clearly and effectively so that
he can popularize and translate scientific
reports into stories.
23. 1. In order for a reader to understand what
the writer is trying to say, the writer has to
understand the reader, their aims and
purposes and how they understand things.
Characteristics of a S & H Writer
24. 2. The writer has to anticipate any struggles
or gaps in comprehension that the reader
might have; they have to properly introduce
and communicate data and information in a
way that is digestible and understandable for
someone who may not have a background in
science.
Characteristics of a S & H Writer
25. 3. Connecting scientists with the public is one
of the biggest parts of a science writer’s job.
Characteristics of a S & H Writer
26. 4. Science journalists act as a sort of
translator between the scientific community
and the public at large by reporting on what
is important, clarifying what is unclear,
asking the right questions, and looking for the
right answers.
Characteristics of a S & H Writer
27. 5. The main qualities needed in a science
journalist are curiosity, a desire to learn, and
a strong work ethic. Writing about science can
be difficult, but it can also be rewarding.
Characteristics of a S & H Writer
28. 6. He/she reports on stories that affect his/her
lives directly, such as stories on concussions in
youth sports, school lunches or the epidemic of
childhood obesity.
Characteristics of a S & H Writer
29. 1. Science News
2. Science Feature
3. Science Editorial
4. Science Column Writing
Science and Health Writing Covers:
30. ⮚ Is science writing by a scientist
or by a non-scientist for mass
consumption.
Science News Reporting
31. ⮚ His report is written for mass
understanding.
Science News Reporting
32. ⮚ He writes his story in such a way
that the science un-oriented
reader may understand and
appreciate it.
Science News Reporting
33. Any good news story should answer
the five W’s and the H, the who,
what, where, when, why and how.
34. A 57-year old man with terminal heart
disease who made history as the first person
to receive a genetically modified pig’s heart
died on Tuesday afternoon, march 8 at the
University of Maryland Medical Center
(UMMC) the hospital said.
A news story contains the
LEAD
35. Bennett first came to UMMC as a patient
in October and was placed on a heart-lung
bypass machine to keep him alive, but he was
deemed ineligible for a conventional heart
transplant.
And then a nut graf
36. After Bennett was implanted with a pig heart that
had been genetically modified to prevent rejection in a
first-of-its-kind surgery, his son called the procedure “a
miracle.” For Bennett, the procedure was his last option.
“ Before consenting to received the transplant, Mr.
Bennett was fully informed of the procedure’s risks, and
that the procedure was experimental with unknown risks
And then a first quote
37. The surgery, performed by a team at the hospital, was
among first to demonstrate the feasibility of a pig-to-
human heart transplant, a field made possible by new
gene editing tools
And then the body of the story which delves
into the scientific study
38. On December 31, the US Food and Drug Administration
granted an emergency authorization for the surgery in the
hope of saving his life. The transplanted heart performed “
very for several weeks without any signs of rejection,” the
hospital said on Wednesday. Prior efforts at pig-to-human
transplants had failed because of genetic differences that
And then the body of the story which delves
into the scientific study
39. Pigs have long been a tantalizing source of
potential transplants because their organs are
so similar to human.
Other news stories have kicker-punchy or
memorable ending
40. ⮚ an article written by or on behalf
of an editor that gives an opinion
on a science issue.
Science Editorial
41. Introduction
Sentence 1-5 to 7 words, issue +
stand
Sentence 2 - hook
The 10-Sentence Rule in Writing
Science Editorial
42. Body
Sentences 3-5 – statements of
facts and opinions.
The 10-Sentence Rule in Writing
Science Editorial
43. Conclusion
Sentences 6-7 - how and
why, facts, opinions
Sentences 8-10 – call to
The 10-Sentence Rule in Writing
Science Editorial
44. ⮚ is a recurring feature by the same writer in a newspaper,
magazine or website. In contrast to an objective news stories, it is
characterized by the voice, personality and opinions of the
writer(columnist) who can be a journalist or an expert in the
particular field about which he/she is writing.
Science Column
45. ⮚ explain how your subject relates to your readers’ everyday
lives
⮚ no need to report details about the materials used, how it
was done in the lab-focus on the relevance to people’s lives
⮚ highlight aspects of his or her personality that everyone
1. Bring the science down to earth
46. ⮚ Weight, area, size, volume, etc.- help
audience visualize the numbers by
comparing them with things that we see or
use with our everyday lives.
2. Make a picture out of numbers
47. ⮚ Explain or use simple terms. Don’t assume
that your readers know everything.
Example:
The Richter Scale is” logarithmic.”
- explain the meaning of terms but beware
3. Deal with jargon
48. 1. Take a reader’s view. Write for your
audience.
Things to Remember in S&H Writing
49. 2. Specify facts. Support your writing with
source materials. DO NOT INVENT FACTS.
Always cite references (websites, authors,
books, research journals etc.)
Things to Remember in S&H Writing
50. 3. Examples:
“Jones(1985) found that…
Since fence lizards are not… (Ballinger and
Lynch, 1992) it is…
Things to Remember in S&H Writing
51. 4. Write as you speak. Reach your audience by
using simple words. CONNECT with your
READERS by using words they can easily
understand.
Things to Remember in S&H Writing
52. 5. Remember: you write to convey
information, facts to promote awareness,
understanding and involvement.
Make it concrete. Use concrete words and
strong verbs, words must be precise and
convey what you mean.
Things to Remember in S&H Writing
53. 6. Make it short and to the point. Ideally, it
should be 8-10 paragraphs, 5 sentences each,
minimum.
Avoid redundancies, repetitions and over
explanation.
“ A good S&H article is the one that is read
Things to Remember in S&H Writing
54. 6. Make it short and to the point. Ideally, it
should be 8-10 paragraphs, 5 sentences each,
minimum.
Avoid redundancies, repetitions and over
explanation.
“ A good S&H article is the one that is read
Things to Remember in S&H Writing