Notes pb lab 03a the big switch introduction
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This document discusses static electricity and how electricity is generated and used. It asks questions about how electricity is produced, whether static electricity from moving legs could power a headlight, how generators use magnets to generate electricity, why iron filings arrange around magnets, what energy is needed to power a motor and where it comes from, why wire is coiled around the center of an axle, why magnets inside a steel can have different colors, what materials and energy would be needed to make a motor, and how a flashlight works.
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Magnets are used in many applications such as compasses, which use magnetism to point north. Magnets are also found in speakers, motors, and generators, which convert different forms of energy. Magnets can be used for novelty purposes like magnetic levitation or attaching items to refrigerators. Galvanometers also use magnetism to measure electric current and voltage. Electric motors convert electrical energy to mechanical motion using magnets and electromagnetic coils, and generators do the opposite by converting mechanical rotation into electrical energy.
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The document discusses magnetism and magnets. It begins by explaining that the ancient Greeks and Romans knew that the mineral lodestone was magnetic and could attract iron. It then provides details on lodestone and other naturally magnetic materials called ferromagnets that strongly attract metals like iron. The document outlines the basic properties of magnets, including that they have north and south poles and opposite poles attract while like poles repel. It concludes by describing different types of magnets such as permanent, temporary, and electromagnets as well as their common shapes.
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To make magnetic art, place magnets under paper and sprinkle iron filings on top to see the shape of the magnetic field. Gently spread the filings to fill the space, then draw or photograph the pattern. While electricity did not move the filings in a circuit as predicted, magnets successfully demonstrated magnetic fields by arranging the filings. The experiment showed magnetic fields can be visualized and different magnet shapes could produce varying patterns.
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To make magnetic art, place magnets under paper and sprinkle iron filings on top to see the shape of the magnetic field. Gently spread the filings to fill the space, then draw or photograph the pattern. While electricity did not move the filings in a circuit as predicted, magnets were able to demonstrate magnetic fields by arranging the filings.
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Magnets produce magnetic fields and have north and south poles. Opposite poles attract while like poles repel. Magnets work through magnetic domains within ferromagnetic materials which align to produce an overall magnetic field. Different materials have different magnetic properties depending on their composition and structure.
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This document provides information about magnetism and magnetic fields. It defines key terms like magnetic poles, magnetic force, magnetic field, and different types of magnets. It explains that every magnet has two poles, and that a compass points north because the Earth acts as a giant magnet with its own north and south poles. Cutting a magnet in half will result in two smaller magnets, each with their own north and south poles.
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Magnets are used in many applications such as compasses, which use magnetism to point north. Magnets are also found in speakers, motors, and generators, which convert different forms of energy. Magnets can be used for novelty purposes like magnetic levitation or attaching items to refrigerators. Galvanometers also use magnetism to measure electric current and voltage. Electric motors convert electrical energy to mechanical motion using magnets and electromagnetic coils, and generators do the opposite by converting mechanical rotation into electrical energy.
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The document discusses magnetism and magnets. It begins by explaining that the ancient Greeks and Romans knew that the mineral lodestone was magnetic and could attract iron. It then provides details on lodestone and other naturally magnetic materials called ferromagnets that strongly attract metals like iron. The document outlines the basic properties of magnets, including that they have north and south poles and opposite poles attract while like poles repel. It concludes by describing different types of magnets such as permanent, temporary, and electromagnets as well as their common shapes.
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To make magnetic art, place magnets under paper and sprinkle iron filings on top to see the shape of the magnetic field. Gently spread the filings to fill the space, then draw or photograph the pattern. While electricity did not move the filings in a circuit as predicted, magnets were able to demonstrate magnetic fields by arranging the filings.
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This document provides information about magnetism and magnetic fields. It defines key terms like magnetic poles, magnetic force, magnetic field, and different types of magnets. It explains that every magnet has two poles, and that a compass points north because the Earth acts as a giant magnet with its own north and south poles. Cutting a magnet in half will result in two smaller magnets, each with their own north and south poles.
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Notes pb lab 03b the big switch
This document discusses electromagnetic induction and how motors and generators work. It defines key terms like electromagnet, electric field, magnetic field, induction. It explains that a motor converts electrical energy to mechanical energy using electromagnetic induction to create opposing electromagnetic fields on an armature that spin it. A generator converts mechanical energy to electrical energy by passing a coil through a magnetic field, inducing current. Both have coils and magnets but differ in the direction of energy flow and transformation. The document is titled "The Big Switch" because the same device can function as a motor or generator depending on the direction of energy and force.
Notes pb lab 02 wheres the juice
This document provides information about key terms related to batteries, including electrodes, electrolytes, voltage, and potential difference. It explains that electrodes are the metal or carbon elements that react with an electrolyte, usually a liquid acid or base, to produce voltage. A wet cell battery requires a strong acid or base electrolyte, while a dry cell uses a dry paste electrolyte. The document is intended to help students better understand how electricity is created in wet and dry cell batteries through vocabulary terms and by identifying the necessary parts of each type of battery.
Notes gb lab 11 disappearing powde investigating solubility
The document defines key terms related to solubility including solvent, solute, solution, mixture, and saturation point. It explains that solubility is a characteristic property expressing the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a solvent. The document also notes that the point where the x and y axes intersect on a solubility graph is called the saturation point. It provides tips for increasing the rate at which a solute dissolves, such as increasing surface area, temperature, or rate of mixing.
Notes gb lab 10 names bond ionic bond 02
The document summarizes the key characteristics of ionic and covalent bonds. It states that ionic bonds form between metals and nonmetals through the transfer of valence electrons from the metal to the nonmetal. Covalent bonds form between nonmetals and between like atoms through the sharing of valence electrons. The document also notes that conductivity testing can be used to distinguish between ionic compounds with high conductivity and covalent compounds with low conductivity.
Notes gb lab 10 names bond ionic bond 01
The document discusses the characteristics of ionic and covalent bonds. It explains that ionic bonds form between metals and nonmetals through the transfer of valence electrons from the metal to the nonmetal. Covalent bonds form between nonmetals and involve the sharing of valence electrons between atoms. The type of bond can be identified by measuring the conductivity of compounds, with ionic compounds being highly conductive and covalent compounds being poorly conductive.
Notes gb lab 09 colorful chemicalp h scale
Acids and bases are chemical compounds that are defined by their properties in aqueous solutions and chemical reactions. Acids are compounds that donate hydrogen ions (H+) in water, turning litmus paper red and reacting with bases. Bases are compounds that accept hydrogen ions in water, turning litmus paper blue and neutralizing acids in a reaction that produces water.
Notes gb lab 08 endothermic and exothermic reactions
The document discusses endothermic and exothermic chemical reactions. It defines endothermic reactions as those that require continuous energy input and cause temperature to decrease, while exothermic reactions release energy and cause temperature to increase. Examples of each type of reaction are given, like endothermic barium hydroxide mixing and exothermic glow sticks. Line graphs are used to illustrate temperature changes over time for both reactions.
Notes gb lab 07 chemical detective
The document discusses key concepts related to physical and chemical changes, including:
- The student will learn to distinguish between physical and chemical changes and understand chemical formulas and bond types.
- A physical change alters a substance's size, shape, or state but not its chemical makeup, while a chemical change produces a new substance.
- The Law of Conservation of Mass states that mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction, though the substance and form may change.
- A chemical formula represents the elements in a compound using symbols, such as CO2 for carbon dioxide. A chemical equation models a reaction using formulas.
Notes lab 05 06 nuts & bolts discovering the elements
The document discusses the periodic table, including that it shows elements arranged in order of atomic number and outlines patterns in their properties. Each box contains information about an element, like atomic number and mass. Elements are organized into columns and periods based on valence electrons. Metals are on the left, nonmetals on the right, and metalloids between. Dmitri Mendeleev created one of the first periodic tables by arranging elements by mass.
Notes lab 04c ions and isotopes
Atoms of the same element can exist with different numbers of neutrons, called isotopes, which are identified by elemental symbol and mass number. Ions are atoms that have gained or lost electrons, giving them a positive or negative electrical charge and making them positive or negative ions, respectively. Atoms are normally electrically neutral unless bonding occurs.
Notes lab 04 the invisible atom
The document traces the development of atomic models from ancient Greek philosophers to modern quantum mechanics. It discusses early concepts of atoms proposed by Democritus and Aristotle. John Dalton later proposed atoms as basic indivisible units that combine in fixed ratios. J.J. Thomson's experiments led to the "plum pudding" model of atoms with a positive nucleus and negative electrons. Rutherford's gold foil experiment showed the nucleus is dense and positively charged at the center. Niels Bohr incorporated orbits and quantized energy levels. Later discoveries of the neutron, electron probability clouds, and electron configurations further refined atomic structure models.
Notes lab 04 ions and isotopes
Atoms of the same element can exist with different numbers of neutrons, called isotopes. Isotopes are written with the element symbol and mass number, such as C14 for the carbon isotope with 6 protons and 8 neutrons. Ions are atoms that have gained or lost electrons, giving them a positive or negative charge and making them no longer neutral. Atoms gain electrons to become negative ions and lose electrons to become positive ions.
Notes gb lab 03 how tightly packed
The document discusses density and how it can be used to identify substances. It defines density as the ratio of a substance's mass to its volume. Density is a characteristic property that is unique to each substance and does not depend on the object's shape or size. The document outlines how to calculate density by measuring an object's mass and volume, and divides substances by their typical densities, with solids generally being the most dense and gases the least dense. It also notes that the density of water is 1 g/mL and substances with lower densities will float in water.
Notes gb lab 02 how much matter
The document outlines key concepts and objectives for students to learn about physical properties of matter. It defines common physical properties like mass, volume, color, texture and size. It also defines statistical concepts like mean, median, mode and range that students will use to collect, analyze and report data on physical properties of substances. Measurement tools like balances and graduated cylinders are mentioned for accurately determining properties like mass and volume using standard SI units.
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Notes pb lab 03a the big switch introduction
- 1. Static Electricity: What is it really?
- 2. The Big Switch! Do you know how your electricity is produced? ,
- 3. Can you actually produce electricity by moving your legs to power the headlight?.
- 4. How do we use the properties of magnets in generators? What do generators generate?.
- 5. Why do the iron filings arrange themselves like this around a magnet?
- 6. WHAT KIND OF ENERGY IS NEEDED TO MAKE THIS MOTOR WORK? What will be the source of the energy?
- 7. Why is wire coiled around the center part of the axle?
- 8. Inside the steel can there are two magnets Why are they different colors?
- 9. Could you make a motor? What materials and energy would you need?
- 10. Now, how does this flashlight work?