Information Systems in Healthcare. Health informatics Nursing informatics Role of information system Architecture of Information Enhancing Patient Care Decision Support Operational Efficiency Interoperability Communication Data Security & Compliance User Interface (UI) Layer Application layer Data Layer Integration & Middleware Layer Security & Compliance Layer Infrastructure Layer Clinical Information System Hospital Information System Electronic Health Records Clinical Decision Support

1. Unit: III
Subject: HEALTH/NURSING INFORMATICS AND
TECHNOLOGY
Prepared by:
Dr. Rahul Sharma
Class: B.Sc. II Semester
Topic:Information Systems in Healthcare

2. Role of Information Systems in Healthcare: Information
systems (IS) play a crucial role in modern healthcare by
improving efficiency, patient care, and decision-making.
These systems collect, store, manage, and transmit
healthcare data to facilitate communication among
healthcare providers, patients, and administrators. The
key roles of IS in healthcare include:
Introduction to the Role and Architecture of Information Systems in
Modern Healthcare Environments

3. 1. Enhancing Patient Care – Electronic Health
Records (EHRs) ensure accurate and real-time access to
patient information, reducing errors and improving
diagnosis and treatment.
2. Decision Support – Clinical Decision Support
Systems (CDSS) assist healthcare professionals by
providing evidence-based recommendations
Role of Information Systems in Healthcare:

4. 3. Operational Efficiency – Healthcare Management
Systems streamline scheduling, billing, and inventory
management, reducing administrative burdens.
4. Interoperability & Communication –
Information systems enable seamless communication
among hospitals, clinics, laboratories, and pharmacies
through Health Information Exchanges (HIE).
Role of Information Systems in Healthcare:

5. 5. Data Security & Compliance – Ensures
compliance with healthcare regulations like HIPAA
(Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act) and
GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation)while
protecting sensitive patient data from breaches.
Role of Information Systems in Healthcare:

6. Healthcare Information Systems (HIS) are designed
with multiple layers to support complex healthcare
workflows. The key components of HIS
architecture include:
Architecture of Healthcare Information Systems:

7. 1. User Interface (UI) Layer
The front-end interface used by healthcare
providers, administrators, and patients.
Examples: EHR (Electronic Health Record)
dashboards, mobile health apps, patient portals.
Architecture of Healthcare Information Systems:

8. 2.Application Layer
Manages business logic and application
functionalities.
Includes modules like Patient Management Systems
(PMS), Laboratory Information Systems (LIS), and
Radiology Information Systems (RIS).
Architecture of Healthcare Information Systems:

9. 3.Data Layer
•Centralized databases that store patient records,
medical history, prescriptions, and clinical data.
•Uses structured (EHRs, lab results) and
unstructured (medical images, clinical notes) data
formats.
Architecture of Healthcare Information Systems:

10. 4. Integration & Middleware Layer
•Facilitates data exchange between different healthcare
systems.
•Includes APIs (Application Programming Interfaces), HL
(Health Level)7, and FHIR (Fast Healthcare
Interoperability Resources) standards for interoperability.
Architecture of Healthcare Information Systems:

11. 5. Security & Compliance Layer
•Implements authentication, encryption, and access
control to ensure patient data confidentiality.
•Ensures compliance with regulations like HIPAA
and GDPR.
Architecture of Healthcare Information Systems:

12. 5. Security & Compliance Layer
•Implements authentication, encryption, and access
control to ensure patient data confidentiality.
•Ensures compliance with regulations like HIPAA
and GDPR.
Architecture of Healthcare Information Systems:

13. 6. Infrastructure Layer : Comprises hardware
(servers, cloud platforms) and networking systems
that enable data storage and transmission.
•Cloud-based systems offer scalability, while on-
premises solutions provide greater control over
data security.
Architecture of Healthcare Information Systems:

14. 1. Clinical Information System (CIS): A Clinical
Information System (CIS) is a specialized healthcare
information system designed to manage patient clinical
data and support medical decision-making. It is primarily
used by healthcare professionals such as doctors, nurses,
and laboratory technicians to provide high-quality patient
care.
Clinical Information System (CIS) & Hospital Information System (HIS):

15. •Electronic Health Records (EHRs): Stores
patient history, diagnoses, medications, and
treatment plans.
•Clinical Decision Support (CDS): Provides
alerts, reminders, and treatment recommendations
based on patient data.
Clinical Information System (CIS): Function

16. •Laboratory Information System (LIS):
Manages lab test requests, results, and reports.
•Radiology Information System (RIS):
Supports imaging workflows, scheduling, and
integration with PACS (Picture Archiving and
Communication System).
Clinical Information System (CIS): Function

17. ✅ Improves patient safety by reducing medical errors.
✅ Enhances workflow efficiency by integrating clinical
data.
✅ Supports evidence-based decision-making.
✅ Improves communication among healthcare providers.
Benefits of CIS:

18. A Hospital Information System (HIS) is a
comprehensive, integrated software system that manages
all aspects of hospital operations, including clinical,
administrative, financial, and legal processes. HIS serves
as the backbone of a hospital’s digital ecosystem.
2. Hospital Information System (HIS)

19. 1. Patient Administration System (PAS):
Manages patient registration, admissions,
discharges, and transfers.
2. Billing & Financial Management: Handles
invoicing, insurance claims, and payments.
2. Hospital Information System (HIS): Function

20. 3.Supply Chain & Inventory Management:
Manages medical supplies, equipment, and
pharmaceuticals.
4.Human Resource Management: Tracks staff
scheduling, payroll, and performance.
5.Electronic Medical Records (EMR): Digitally
stores patient health data for easy access.
2. Hospital Information System (HIS): Function

21. 6.Appointment & Scheduling System: Allows
patients and doctors to manage appointments
efficiently.
7.Analytics & Reporting: Provides insights into
hospital performance, patient trends, and financial
health.
2. Hospital Information System (HIS): Function

22. ✅ Improves hospital efficiency and reduces operational
costs.
✅ Enhances patient care coordination and data
accessibility.
✅ Ensures compliance with legal and regulatory
requirements.
✅ Reduces paperwork and enhances data security.
Benefits of HIS: