2. The word schizophrenia is less than 100 years
old, but the illness has probably accompanied
mankind through its history.
Schizophrenia can be traced in written
documents to the old Pharaonic Egypt, as far
back as the second millennium before Christ
Depression, dementia, as well as thought
disturbances found in schizophrenia are
described in detail in the Book of Hearts.
3. History of Schizophrenia
Emil Kraepelin
• Prototypes of psychotic disorders
• First person to classified psychotic symptoms
• Observe Continuous illness vs episodic illness
• Found progressive and gradual decline in
cognitive functions.
• Dementia Praecox
4. 4 A (Bleuler)
• Eugen Bleuler maintained, that for the diagnosis of
schizophrenia are most important the following four
fundamental symptoms:
– Autistic Thinking and behavior
– Ambivalence (fragmented emotional response)
– Affect disturbance
– Association disturbance (fragmented thinking)
• These groups of symptoms, are called „four A’ s” and Bleuler
thought, that they are „primary” for this diagnosis.
• The other known symptoms, hallucinations, delusions, which
are appearing in schizophrenia very often also, he used to
call as a “secondary symptoms”,
5. Kurt Schncider
• Schnciderian First Rang Symptoms (SFRs)
Thought alienation
1. thought insertion
2. thought withdrawal
3. thought broadcasting
6. Schncideriand First Rank Symptoms
Made Phenomena
4. Made Volition
5. Made affect
6. Made impulse
Auditory phenomena
7. voices discussing or arguing about patients
8. Voices giving running commentary
9. voices saying thought aloud (THOUGHT ECHO )
