George Washington appointed the first cabinet, including Alexander Hamilton as Secretary of the Treasury, Thomas Jefferson as Secretary of State, and others. Hamilton advocated for a loose interpretation of the Constitution to allow the national bank, while Jefferson favored a strict interpretation. Washington also issued a Neutrality Proclamation to stay out of European wars after 1793. His farewell address warned against going into debt.

1. The New Nation By Sarah Hicks Period 7

2. Important Vocabulary What is a cabinet? Who were the people Washington hired for his cabinet and the names of their jobs?

3. Important Vocabulary What is a cabinet? Who were the people Washington hired for his cabinet and the names of their jobs? Cabinet- Group of official advisors to the president; heads of government departments. Alexander Hamilton- Secretary of the Treasury Thomas Jefferson- Secretary of State General Henry Knox- Secretary Edmund Randolph- Attorney General

4. What is a precedent? What is an Electoral College?

5. What is a precedent? Precedent- An action and/or decision that later serves as an example. What is an Electoral College? Electoral College- A group chosen by state legislatures to represent the popular vote in a presidential election.

6. Life in 1790 What was the first capital of the United States? What were the names of the two largest cities in the United States in 1790?

7. Life in 1790 What was the first capital of the United States? New York City What were the names of the two largest cities in the United States in 1790? Philadelphia and New York City

8. Geography in 1790 What was Washington D.C. like in the 1790’s? Why was it selected to be our capital? Where did people live?

9. Geography in 1790 What was Washington D.C. like in the 1790’s? Why was it selected to be our capital? Washington D.C. was nothing but swamps. Made a compromise that the South would pay off all the Northern states war debts, and the US capital would be closer to the south. This is how the capital of the US was selected. Where did people live? 90% in East Appalachian Mountains 95% on a farm Remaining 5% in the city: Philadelphia (42,000) New York City (33,000) Boston (18,000)

10. Money Issues/ How they were solved What was one of the solutions that helped the country solve the money issues that they were facing? What are bonds, and who bought the majority of them?

11. Money Issues/ How they were solved What was one of the solutions that helped the country solve the money issues that they were facing? The US borrowed money from foreign countries (i.e France) Borrowed money from US citizens – poor or wealthy. What are bonds, and who bought the majority of them? Bonds- A promise that said is someone lent them cash, they will pay it back with extra cash a couple years later/interest. Majority of people who bought bonds- Farmers. Bought them to help the US fight for freedom.

12. Loose vs. Strict interpretation of the Constitution Which cabinet member was for Loose interpretation of the Constitution? Why?

13. Loose vs. Strict interpretation of the Constitution Which cabinet member was for Loose interpretation of the Constitution? Why? Hamilton believed in Loose construction, meaning he could make generalizations about what the Constitution might mean. Hamilton believed this interpretation because the “Spirit of the Constitution” was good for the nation.

14. Which Cabinet member was for Strict interpretation of the Constitution?

15. Which Cabinet member was for Strict interpretation of the Constitution? Thomas Jefferson was for Strict construction, meaning he took everything the Constitution said by law.

16. Creation of the National Bank Who helped found the National Bank, and why? Who felt that Hamilton was trying to take away power from the state and local government, by creating a national bank?

17. Creation of the National Bank Who helped found the National Bank, and why? Alexander Hamilton helped found the National Bank. He felt it was a safe place to store tax money, help by loaning businesses money when they needed funds. This would make the nation stronger. Who felt that Hamilton was trying to take away power from the state and local government, by creating a national bank? Thomas Jefferson.

18. Foreign Policy After what war in Europe did Hamilton urge Washington to deliver the Neutrality Proclamation? Under what pseudonym did Hamilton write a series of essays that defended Jay’s Treaties and won the public over? (not on test, but an interesting fact!)

19. Foreign Policy After what war in Europe did Hamilton urge Washington to deliver the Neutrality Proclamation? The War in Europe (primarily between France and Britain) Under what pseudonym did Hamilton write a series of essays that defended Jay’s Treaties and won the public over? Camullis

20. Neutrality Proclamation What is the Neutrality Proclamation? When was it passed and by whom?

21. Neutrality Proclamation What is the Neutrality Proclamation? When was it passed and by whom? Neutrality Proclamation: We should remain neutral, meaning we should not get involved or take sides in other countries wars/conflicts. Passed on April 22, 1793 by George Washington.

22. Slavery in Washington’s time About how many slaves were there in Washington’s time? Where were the majority of them? Where did most of the slaves work?

23. Slavery in Washington’s time About how many slaves were there in Washington’s time? Where were the majority of them? About 700,000 slaves, majority (90%) being in the South. Where did most of the slaves work? On farms, and in the fields.

24. George Washington’s Farewell Address What portion of Washington’s farewell address can lend itself to today’s crisis in our economy?

25. George Washington’s Farewell Address What portion of Washington’s farewell address can lend itself to today’s crisis in our economy? When Washington’s speaks of credit, and how to avoid accumulating debt.