Sapkota, Tek - Climate Food and Farming CLIFF Network annual workshop November 2017
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The Climate Food and Farming (CLIFF) Research Network is an international research network that helps to expand young researchers' knowledge and experience working on climate change mitigation in smallholder farming. CLIFF provides grants for selected doctoral students to work with CGIAR researchers affiliated with the Standard Assessment of Mitigation Potential and Livelihoods in Smallholder Systems (SAMPLES) project. This presentation is Use of Empirical Tools/Calculatrs to Quantify GHG Emission from Agricultural Systems by Tek B. Sapkota, a scientist with the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center.
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Sapkota, Tek - Climate Food and Farming CLIFF Network annual workshop November 2017
- 1. Use of empirical tools/calculators to quantify GHG emission from agricultural systems Tek B. Sapkota International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center New Delhi, India
- 2. Outline • Different approaches for GHG quantification • Tools/Calculators: What, why, where and which • Examples (CFT and MoT) • Data input • Output • Empirical models used • Take home message
- 3. •eddy covariance •flux-gradient Agricultural emission quantification methods Micro- meteorological •Transparent vs opaque •Static vs dynamic Chamber method •Area •Product Life cycle approach •Tools/calculators •Process-based models Modeling •Land cover •Land cover change Remote sensing
- 4. Empirical tools/calculators • Automated web-, excel- or other software based application • Equations/assumptions based on experimental findings/robust models • Limited complexity & require less data
- 5. Why tools/calculators? • Raise awareness • Comparing practices • Reporting (compliance) • Environmental footprint of product
- 6. Scope • Global • Regional • Local • Crop production • Livestock • Horticulture • Forestry • Agro-ecosystem
- 8. Tools/calculators Colomb et al., 2012
- 9. Examples CoolFarmTool (CFT) and Mitigation Options Tool (MoT) ● Farmer focused, Excel based, free, open-source ● Scope: global, non-crop specific ● Utilises farmer knowledge with robust empirical data models ● Management focused, decision support ● Semi life-cycle approach ● Exploration of mitigation options (MoT) ● (Hillier et al 2011. Environmental Modelling and Software 26, 1070-1078 ) ● Feliciano, D. et al., 2017. Agricultural Systems, 154, 100-111
- 10. Data inputs: CFT/MoT Livestock emissions GHG emissions arising from: o Feed o Manure management o Livestock management and productive phases Farm energy Emissions from: o Electricity o Diesel used in field o spraying o tillage oharvesting Sequestration GHG emissions sequestered from: oLand Use changes oManagement changes oTillage oCover cropping oCompost oManure oTrees planted Fertilizer emissions GHG emissions arising from: o Fertilizer type o Fertilizer nutrient/product oFertilizer application rate o Fertilizer application method o Emissions related to natural microbial conversion of N in the soil, in which N2O can be lost to the atmosphere. o (Other agrichemicals included also – pesticide applications)
- 11. CFT
- 12. MoT
- 13. Output ● CO2 emission and sequestration ● CH4 emission ● N2O emission ● Mitigation options & potential
- 14. Feliciano et al., 2017
- 15. Feliciano et al., 2017
- 16. Land Use systems Parameters Empirical models Paddy Mineral fertilizer application Water regime Compost application Manure application Yan et al. (2005) Upland crops and grasslands Organic fertilizer application Stehfest and Bouwman (2006) Mineral fertilizer application Stehfest and Bouwman (2006) Organic amendments Smith et al. (1997) Mineral fertilizer production China-Zhang et al. (2013) Europe-Brentrup & Palliere (2014) Rest of world-IFA (2009) Livestock Enteric fermentation Herrero et al (2013) Empirical models used
- 17. Take home message • Choice of method: Objective, level of precision/accuracy and resources availability • Tools/Calculators: Simple, less data but difficult to capture all aspects of emission • Not a black box: everybody can access assumptions, factors and models • Decision support tool for development workers and policy makers
- 18. THANK YOU