Presentation by Meryl Richards, Science Officer in the Low Emissions Agriculture flagship program at CCAFS, on a new framework for better GHG emissions monitoring.
Forest management and below-ground litter: Carbon dynamics of UK forest soilsMauro Lanfranchi
The UK has committed to a reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 80% by 2050. Attainment of this goal will require that all sectors of British industry search for sensible and meaningful approaches to reducing emissions and improving net carbon (C) sequestration in terrestrial bodies. Forests and woodlands are a key component of the global C cycle, and their effective management at global and regional scales is an important mechanism for reducing atmospheric GHG concentrations.
Can smallholders mitigate global warming: Standard assessment of mitigation p...ILRI
Presented by Klaus Butterbach-Bahl, Mariana Rufino, David Pelster, Todd Rosenstock and Lini Wollenberg at the ILRI 'Livestock Live Talk', Nairobi, 14 August 2013
Significant offset of long-term potential soil carbon sequestration by nitrou...ExternalEvents
This presentation was presented during the 3 Parallel session on Theme 2, Maintaining and/or increasing SOC stocks for climate change mitigation and adaptation and Land Degradation Neutrality, of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Mr. Emanuele Lugato, from JRC - Italy, in FAO Hq, Rome
11. article azojete vol. 12 103 109 oumarouOyeniyi Samuel
This document presents a statistical model developed to predict the energy content of municipal solid wastes in Northern Nigeria. Samples of solid waste were collected from major cities in the region and analyzed to determine their physical characteristics, proximate analysis, ultimate analysis, and calorific values. An empirical linear regression model was created using the experimental data to statistically correlate the waste characteristics of physical composition and moisture content with energy content. The model showed about 70% agreement when compared to experimental calorific values, with an average deviation of 5.03% and standard deviation of 5.29%.
Mapping of Wood Carbon Stocks in the Classified Forest of Wari-Maro in Benin ...AI Publications
The Emissions Reducing program related to Deforestation and Forest Degradation (Redd +) calls for the development of approaches to quantify and spatialize forest carbon in order to design more appropriate forest management policies. The mapping of carbon stocks was done in the Wari-Maro Forest Reserve. To achieve this, forest inventory data (in situ) and remotely sensed data (Landsat 8 image) were used to construct a wood carbon stock forecasting model. Simple linear regression was used to test the correlation between these two variables. In situ surveys indicate that 64% of carbon stocks are contributed by forest formations, 32.72% are provided by savannah formations and 3.27% are from anthropogenic formations. The quantitative relationship between NDVI and carbon in situ shows a very good correlation with a high coefficient of determination R² = 91%. The carbon map generated from the model identified fronts of deforestation through their low carbon content. This remote sensing approach indicates that forest formations sequester 60% of forest carbon. The savannah formations reserve 33%, the anthropic formations bring only 6% of the stocks. Mapping has further captured the spatial variability among land use types, thus providing arguments to fully meet the objectives of Redd +.
Effects of a raised water table on greenhouse gas emissions and celery yield ...ExternalEvents
This presentation was presented during the 2 Parallel session on Theme 3.1, Managing SOC in: Soils with high SOC – peatlands, permafrost, and black soils, of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Ms. Magdalena J. Matysek, from University of Sheffield - UK, in FAO Hq, Rome
From the event:
COP20/CMP10 UN Climate Change Conference.
Organized by the UNEP and UNFCCC COP. Lima, Peru. (December 1st – 12th 2014).
http://www.mmechanisms.org/e/cop20_japanpavilion/
Presented by Daniel Murdiyarso and Sigit Sasmito, CIFOR, at Online Workshop Capacity Building on the IPCC 2013 Wetlands Supplement, FREL Diagnostic and Uncertainty Analysis, April 14th, 2020
Forest management and below-ground litter: Carbon dynamics of UK forest soilsMauro Lanfranchi
The UK has committed to a reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 80% by 2050. Attainment of this goal will require that all sectors of British industry search for sensible and meaningful approaches to reducing emissions and improving net carbon (C) sequestration in terrestrial bodies. Forests and woodlands are a key component of the global C cycle, and their effective management at global and regional scales is an important mechanism for reducing atmospheric GHG concentrations.
Can smallholders mitigate global warming: Standard assessment of mitigation p...ILRI
Presented by Klaus Butterbach-Bahl, Mariana Rufino, David Pelster, Todd Rosenstock and Lini Wollenberg at the ILRI 'Livestock Live Talk', Nairobi, 14 August 2013
Significant offset of long-term potential soil carbon sequestration by nitrou...ExternalEvents
This presentation was presented during the 3 Parallel session on Theme 2, Maintaining and/or increasing SOC stocks for climate change mitigation and adaptation and Land Degradation Neutrality, of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Mr. Emanuele Lugato, from JRC - Italy, in FAO Hq, Rome
11. article azojete vol. 12 103 109 oumarouOyeniyi Samuel
This document presents a statistical model developed to predict the energy content of municipal solid wastes in Northern Nigeria. Samples of solid waste were collected from major cities in the region and analyzed to determine their physical characteristics, proximate analysis, ultimate analysis, and calorific values. An empirical linear regression model was created using the experimental data to statistically correlate the waste characteristics of physical composition and moisture content with energy content. The model showed about 70% agreement when compared to experimental calorific values, with an average deviation of 5.03% and standard deviation of 5.29%.
Mapping of Wood Carbon Stocks in the Classified Forest of Wari-Maro in Benin ...AI Publications
The Emissions Reducing program related to Deforestation and Forest Degradation (Redd +) calls for the development of approaches to quantify and spatialize forest carbon in order to design more appropriate forest management policies. The mapping of carbon stocks was done in the Wari-Maro Forest Reserve. To achieve this, forest inventory data (in situ) and remotely sensed data (Landsat 8 image) were used to construct a wood carbon stock forecasting model. Simple linear regression was used to test the correlation between these two variables. In situ surveys indicate that 64% of carbon stocks are contributed by forest formations, 32.72% are provided by savannah formations and 3.27% are from anthropogenic formations. The quantitative relationship between NDVI and carbon in situ shows a very good correlation with a high coefficient of determination R² = 91%. The carbon map generated from the model identified fronts of deforestation through their low carbon content. This remote sensing approach indicates that forest formations sequester 60% of forest carbon. The savannah formations reserve 33%, the anthropic formations bring only 6% of the stocks. Mapping has further captured the spatial variability among land use types, thus providing arguments to fully meet the objectives of Redd +.
Effects of a raised water table on greenhouse gas emissions and celery yield ...ExternalEvents
This presentation was presented during the 2 Parallel session on Theme 3.1, Managing SOC in: Soils with high SOC – peatlands, permafrost, and black soils, of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Ms. Magdalena J. Matysek, from University of Sheffield - UK, in FAO Hq, Rome
From the event:
COP20/CMP10 UN Climate Change Conference.
Organized by the UNEP and UNFCCC COP. Lima, Peru. (December 1st – 12th 2014).
http://www.mmechanisms.org/e/cop20_japanpavilion/
Presented by Daniel Murdiyarso and Sigit Sasmito, CIFOR, at Online Workshop Capacity Building on the IPCC 2013 Wetlands Supplement, FREL Diagnostic and Uncertainty Analysis, April 14th, 2020
Capacity Building on the IPCC 2013 Wetlands Supplement, FREL Diagnostic and U...CIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by Daniel Murdiyarso and Rupesh Kumar Bhomia, CIFOR, at Online Workshop Capacity Building on the IPCC 2013 Wetlands Supplement, FREL Diagnostic and Uncertainty Analysis, April 17th, 2020
Estimating soil organic carbon changes: is it feasible?ExternalEvents
This presentation was presented during the Plenary 1, GSOC17 – Setting the scientific scene for GSOC17 of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Ms. Eleanor Milne from Colorado State University - USA, in FAO Hq, Rome
Jacob Johnson, et al, Penn State University - “Case Study to Assess the Costs...Michael Hewitt, GISP
This study aims to assess the costs of the Forest Reclamation Approach (FRA) compared to conventional reclamation methods through a case study analysis. Preliminary results from a site in Pennsylvania show machine cycle times and costs for grading, soil placement, and seeding using the FRA. Total estimated reclamation costs per acre were $4923.13 for the FRA site versus higher expected costs for conventional methods. The results will provide guidance to operators and regulators on cost-effective reforestation techniques that support long-term forest productivity and ecosystem services.
This document discusses different strategies for modeling greenhouse gas emissions and carbon stocks, including empirical and process-based models. Empirical models rely on statistical relationships between activity data and emission factors, like those used in IPCC Tiers 1 and 2. Process-based models attempt to simulate underlying biogeochemical processes. Examples of common process models described are DAYCENT, DNDC, and RothC. The document outlines steps to find an appropriate process model, set it up, calibrate it using measurement data, and evaluate its performance through statistical tests. Challenges include limited data for model validation and parameterization for tropical conditions.
Peat emission factors: Navigating the IPCC wetland supplementCIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by Kristell Hergoualc’h and Erin Swails, CIFOR, at Online Workshop Capacity Building on the IPCC 2013 Wetlands Supplement, FREL Diagnostic and Uncertainty Analysis, April 13th, 2020
Challenges and Opportunities in Implementing Higher Tiers in the National GHG...ipcc-media
- Developing a national GHG inventory requires integrating data from different sources using methods that rely on data, assumptions, and models. Higher tier methods (Tier 3) use spatially-explicit models to track emissions at the unit level and better capture variations, estimate carbon flows between pools, and project emission scenarios.
- Indonesia has developed the Indonesian National Carbon Accounting System (INCAS) as a Tier 3 integrating tool to produce detailed annual estimates of emissions and removals to support policy and meet reporting needs. The system uses land cover change data and biophysical models within a transparent framework to facilitate verification.
- Higher tiers provide more accurate estimates and ability to analyze management impacts but require consideration of reporting needs
Presented by Erin Swails and Kristell Hergoualc’h, CIFOR, at Online Workshop Capacity Building on the IPCC 2013 Wetlands Supplement, FREL Diagnostic and Uncertainty Analysis, April 13th, 2020
Measurement of Carbon content in plots under SFM and SLM in the Gran Chaco Am...ExternalEvents
This presentation was presented during the 2 Parallel session on Theme 1, Monitoring, mapping, measuring, reporting and verification (MRV) of SOC, of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Mr. Matías Bosio, from PASCHACO - Argentina, in FAO Hq, Rome
This document discusses New Zealand's reporting obligations under the Kyoto Protocol for land use, land-use change, and forestry (LULUCF). It outlines how New Zealand will calculate and report carbon stock changes and greenhouse gas fluxes from 1990 to 2012 using land use mapping, permanent forest plots, LiDAR scanning, and satellite imagery. Methods are being developed to estimate carbon stocks in forests, croplands, and grasslands to meet UNFCCC reporting requirements.
This document summarizes a new approach for disaggregating reported greenhouse gas emissions from Canada's managed forests into natural and anthropogenic components. The approach uses a carbon budget model and spatial data on forest inventory, growth, natural disturbances like wildfires and insects, and forest management activities. It separates emissions into those resulting from uncontrollable natural disturbances versus human activities, providing greater transparency about the impacts of forest management and mitigation efforts over time. Next steps involve expanding the approach spatially at high resolution to better document outcomes of investments in forest sector mitigation.
This document discusses a project to assess the impacts of climate variability and climate change on agriculture in the Greater Mekong Sub-region. The project will:
1) Construct climate grids from 1901-2009 and quantify impacts on crop suitability by December 2013.
2) Engage with partners in March 2014 to share methods and preliminary results.
3) Incorporate feedback and finalize results by May 2014.
The analysis will use climate data, land use data, and satellite imagery to model crop suitability changes between current conditions and 2050 and identify historical land use change patterns.
Peatland Diversity and Carbon Dynamics (September 2010)mgwhitfield
This document summarizes research on peatland diversity and carbon dynamics. Peatlands store a large amount of the global soil carbon but are threatened by climate change. The research aims to understand relationships between plant diversity, microbial communities, and greenhouse gas emissions across different peatland landforms. Preliminary results show differences in vegetation composition, peat depths, carbon stocks, and microbial communities between open moorland, eroded areas, and gullies. Monthly greenhouse gas flux measurements are ongoing to compare landforms and depths. Relationships found will help predict ecosystem-scale carbon cycling and emissions from biodiversity data.
The Climate Food and Farming (CLIFF) Research Network is an international research network that helps to expand young researchers' knowledge and experience working on climate change mitigation in smallholder farming. CLIFF provides grants for selected doctoral students to work with CGIAR researchers affiliated with the Standard Assessment of Mitigation Potential and Livelihoods in Smallholder Systems (SAMPLES) project.
This presentation is Use of Empirical Tools/Calculatrs to Quantify GHG Emission from Agricultural Systems by Tek B. Sapkota, a scientist with the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center.
This study introduces a new method for collecting synoptic sampling data at the Coweeta Long Term Ecological Research site. Researchers recorded behavioral indicators of human activity along transects near streams, noting physical evidence in ten categories. Using text analysis software, they grouped the data into clusters related to broader terms. The clusters were ordered based on nitrate, phosphorus, and conductivity levels from chemical samples. Some patterns were observed between categories like "Treatment" and higher nitrate levels. While relationships between land use and stream chemistry are complex, this study incorporated qualitative observations to more fully characterize human impacts beyond geomorphic, biotic, or chemical data alone.
PhD research presentation at the workshop of the Climate Food and Farming Network, Dec. 2-4 at Aarhus University, Foulum. The Climate Food and Farming Network is an initiative of Copenhagen U., Aarhus U., and the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security.
Presentation at the Global Alliance for Climate-Smart Agriculture (GACSA) Annual Forum June 15, 2016 in Rome, Italy.
by Meryl Richards, CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), Todd Rosenstock (ICRAF), Lini Wollenberg (CCAFS), Klaus Butterbach-Bahl (ILRI, KIT), Mariana Rufino (CIFOR, Leeds) and many others
PhD research presentation at the workshop of the Climate Food and Farming Network, Dec. 2-4 at Aarhus University, Foulum. The Climate Food and Farming Network is an initiative of Copenhagen U., Aarhus U., and the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security.
ROLE OF AGROFORESTRY IN MITIGATION OF CLIMATE CHANGEGANDLA MANTHESH
This document discusses the role of agroforestry in mitigating climate change. It begins by defining climate change and its causes, then outlines some of the impacts on agriculture like reduced crop yields. It notes that deforestation and land use changes contribute significantly to greenhouse gas emissions. The document then discusses strategies for carbon sequestration, identifying agroforestry as a key approach. Various agroforestry models are presented, and a case study shows higher carbon storage in a silvopastoral system compared to natural grassland. The conclusion is that agroforestry can significantly help mitigate climate change by storing carbon while providing other benefits.
Capacity Building on the IPCC 2013 Wetlands Supplement, FREL Diagnostic and U...CIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by Daniel Murdiyarso and Rupesh Kumar Bhomia, CIFOR, at Online Workshop Capacity Building on the IPCC 2013 Wetlands Supplement, FREL Diagnostic and Uncertainty Analysis, April 17th, 2020
Estimating soil organic carbon changes: is it feasible?ExternalEvents
This presentation was presented during the Plenary 1, GSOC17 – Setting the scientific scene for GSOC17 of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Ms. Eleanor Milne from Colorado State University - USA, in FAO Hq, Rome
Jacob Johnson, et al, Penn State University - “Case Study to Assess the Costs...Michael Hewitt, GISP
This study aims to assess the costs of the Forest Reclamation Approach (FRA) compared to conventional reclamation methods through a case study analysis. Preliminary results from a site in Pennsylvania show machine cycle times and costs for grading, soil placement, and seeding using the FRA. Total estimated reclamation costs per acre were $4923.13 for the FRA site versus higher expected costs for conventional methods. The results will provide guidance to operators and regulators on cost-effective reforestation techniques that support long-term forest productivity and ecosystem services.
This document discusses different strategies for modeling greenhouse gas emissions and carbon stocks, including empirical and process-based models. Empirical models rely on statistical relationships between activity data and emission factors, like those used in IPCC Tiers 1 and 2. Process-based models attempt to simulate underlying biogeochemical processes. Examples of common process models described are DAYCENT, DNDC, and RothC. The document outlines steps to find an appropriate process model, set it up, calibrate it using measurement data, and evaluate its performance through statistical tests. Challenges include limited data for model validation and parameterization for tropical conditions.
Peat emission factors: Navigating the IPCC wetland supplementCIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by Kristell Hergoualc’h and Erin Swails, CIFOR, at Online Workshop Capacity Building on the IPCC 2013 Wetlands Supplement, FREL Diagnostic and Uncertainty Analysis, April 13th, 2020
Challenges and Opportunities in Implementing Higher Tiers in the National GHG...ipcc-media
- Developing a national GHG inventory requires integrating data from different sources using methods that rely on data, assumptions, and models. Higher tier methods (Tier 3) use spatially-explicit models to track emissions at the unit level and better capture variations, estimate carbon flows between pools, and project emission scenarios.
- Indonesia has developed the Indonesian National Carbon Accounting System (INCAS) as a Tier 3 integrating tool to produce detailed annual estimates of emissions and removals to support policy and meet reporting needs. The system uses land cover change data and biophysical models within a transparent framework to facilitate verification.
- Higher tiers provide more accurate estimates and ability to analyze management impacts but require consideration of reporting needs
Presented by Erin Swails and Kristell Hergoualc’h, CIFOR, at Online Workshop Capacity Building on the IPCC 2013 Wetlands Supplement, FREL Diagnostic and Uncertainty Analysis, April 13th, 2020
Measurement of Carbon content in plots under SFM and SLM in the Gran Chaco Am...ExternalEvents
This presentation was presented during the 2 Parallel session on Theme 1, Monitoring, mapping, measuring, reporting and verification (MRV) of SOC, of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Mr. Matías Bosio, from PASCHACO - Argentina, in FAO Hq, Rome
This document discusses New Zealand's reporting obligations under the Kyoto Protocol for land use, land-use change, and forestry (LULUCF). It outlines how New Zealand will calculate and report carbon stock changes and greenhouse gas fluxes from 1990 to 2012 using land use mapping, permanent forest plots, LiDAR scanning, and satellite imagery. Methods are being developed to estimate carbon stocks in forests, croplands, and grasslands to meet UNFCCC reporting requirements.
This document summarizes a new approach for disaggregating reported greenhouse gas emissions from Canada's managed forests into natural and anthropogenic components. The approach uses a carbon budget model and spatial data on forest inventory, growth, natural disturbances like wildfires and insects, and forest management activities. It separates emissions into those resulting from uncontrollable natural disturbances versus human activities, providing greater transparency about the impacts of forest management and mitigation efforts over time. Next steps involve expanding the approach spatially at high resolution to better document outcomes of investments in forest sector mitigation.
This document discusses a project to assess the impacts of climate variability and climate change on agriculture in the Greater Mekong Sub-region. The project will:
1) Construct climate grids from 1901-2009 and quantify impacts on crop suitability by December 2013.
2) Engage with partners in March 2014 to share methods and preliminary results.
3) Incorporate feedback and finalize results by May 2014.
The analysis will use climate data, land use data, and satellite imagery to model crop suitability changes between current conditions and 2050 and identify historical land use change patterns.
Peatland Diversity and Carbon Dynamics (September 2010)mgwhitfield
This document summarizes research on peatland diversity and carbon dynamics. Peatlands store a large amount of the global soil carbon but are threatened by climate change. The research aims to understand relationships between plant diversity, microbial communities, and greenhouse gas emissions across different peatland landforms. Preliminary results show differences in vegetation composition, peat depths, carbon stocks, and microbial communities between open moorland, eroded areas, and gullies. Monthly greenhouse gas flux measurements are ongoing to compare landforms and depths. Relationships found will help predict ecosystem-scale carbon cycling and emissions from biodiversity data.
The Climate Food and Farming (CLIFF) Research Network is an international research network that helps to expand young researchers' knowledge and experience working on climate change mitigation in smallholder farming. CLIFF provides grants for selected doctoral students to work with CGIAR researchers affiliated with the Standard Assessment of Mitigation Potential and Livelihoods in Smallholder Systems (SAMPLES) project.
This presentation is Use of Empirical Tools/Calculatrs to Quantify GHG Emission from Agricultural Systems by Tek B. Sapkota, a scientist with the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center.
This study introduces a new method for collecting synoptic sampling data at the Coweeta Long Term Ecological Research site. Researchers recorded behavioral indicators of human activity along transects near streams, noting physical evidence in ten categories. Using text analysis software, they grouped the data into clusters related to broader terms. The clusters were ordered based on nitrate, phosphorus, and conductivity levels from chemical samples. Some patterns were observed between categories like "Treatment" and higher nitrate levels. While relationships between land use and stream chemistry are complex, this study incorporated qualitative observations to more fully characterize human impacts beyond geomorphic, biotic, or chemical data alone.
PhD research presentation at the workshop of the Climate Food and Farming Network, Dec. 2-4 at Aarhus University, Foulum. The Climate Food and Farming Network is an initiative of Copenhagen U., Aarhus U., and the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security.
Presentation at the Global Alliance for Climate-Smart Agriculture (GACSA) Annual Forum June 15, 2016 in Rome, Italy.
by Meryl Richards, CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), Todd Rosenstock (ICRAF), Lini Wollenberg (CCAFS), Klaus Butterbach-Bahl (ILRI, KIT), Mariana Rufino (CIFOR, Leeds) and many others
PhD research presentation at the workshop of the Climate Food and Farming Network, Dec. 2-4 at Aarhus University, Foulum. The Climate Food and Farming Network is an initiative of Copenhagen U., Aarhus U., and the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security.
ROLE OF AGROFORESTRY IN MITIGATION OF CLIMATE CHANGEGANDLA MANTHESH
This document discusses the role of agroforestry in mitigating climate change. It begins by defining climate change and its causes, then outlines some of the impacts on agriculture like reduced crop yields. It notes that deforestation and land use changes contribute significantly to greenhouse gas emissions. The document then discusses strategies for carbon sequestration, identifying agroforestry as a key approach. Various agroforestry models are presented, and a case study shows higher carbon storage in a silvopastoral system compared to natural grassland. The conclusion is that agroforestry can significantly help mitigate climate change by storing carbon while providing other benefits.
Methane in Coastal Blue Carbon EcosystemCIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by Judith A. Rosentreter
(Postdoctoral Researcher Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry Southern Cross University, Lismore, Australia) on 25 September 2019 at Blue Carbon Regional Workshop, Merida, Yucatan.
Presentation title: Monitoring, reporting & verification in NAMAs using SAMPLES data, tools
Presenter: Henry Neufeldt, World Agroforestry Center
Event: SBSTA 42 Side event on Science-policy-livelihood progress through livestock-related NAMAs in Costa Rica, Kenya and Mongolia
Presented by Rupesh Bhomia, Scientist, CIFOR at Online Workshop Capacity Building on the IPCC 2013 Wetlands Supplement, FREL Diagnostic and Uncertainty Analysis, 20-22 September 2021
Organic farming has the potential to increase soil carbon levels compared to conventional farming through practices like incorporating fertility-building grass-clover leys and using livestock manures. However, the exact increase is uncertain due to varying assessment methods and farm systems. While organic management of cropland often results in higher soil carbon, differences compared to conventional grassland management are less clear. Further research is needed to better define organic and conventional systems and determine the contribution of leys to soil carbon sequestration under different conditions.
Organic farming has the potential to increase soil carbon levels compared to conventional farming through practices like incorporating fertility-building grass-clover leys and using livestock manures. However, the exact amount of carbon sequestration from organic management remains uncertain due to disparities in assessment methods and farming systems. While organic management often results in higher or slower declining soil carbon levels, the differences compared to conventional are only statistically significant in a few studies. More research is still needed to better define organic and conventional systems and determine their contributions to soil carbon stocks and flows.
The presentation Measuring GHG Mitigation in Agricultural Value Chains is by Meryl Richards, science officer at CCAFS Low Emissions Development.
Presented at the WBCSD Climate Smart Agriculture workshop at the University of Vermont, Burlington, VT on 27 March 2018.
This document discusses connecting nutrient management and conservation planning. It notes that practices should be tailored for both production and conservation goals, and consider potential side effects. A holistic, systems approach is needed that shifts away from single practices to integrated conservation management systems. Specific points are made about nitrogen and phosphorus management and how no-till can impact different forms of phosphorus loss. Cover crops are shown to significantly decrease sediment loss but their impact on dissolved phosphorus is more complex, potentially increasing loss in some cases. The roles of soil biology and fertilizer management on phosphorus dynamics are also addressed.
Computational approaches to address water resource challenges and agricultura...SIANI
This document summarizes three computational modeling studies that address water resources and agricultural development challenges. The first study uses the SWAT model to examine the impacts of water harvesting and ecological sanitation technologies on smallholder maize yields, evapotranspiration, and river flows in South Africa. The second looks at projected impacts of climate change on irrigation water demands in Europe and India. The third discusses using hydrological models to help Niger, Botswana, and MENA region countries assess climate change impacts on floods, droughts, agriculture, and energy and build local capacity. The document emphasizes that computational tools are most useful when partnered with local data, stakeholders, and sustainable management efforts.
1) Regional assessments of N2O emissions in the US Corn Belt found that IPCC estimates of indirect emissions from leaching and runoff were likely underestimated by 1.9 to 4.6 times based on stream order measurements and top-down inversions.
2) Tall tower observations over six years indicate that regional N2O emissions are highly sensitive to climate, with emission factors ranging from 4-7%, and land surface modeling predicts emissions will increase due to warmer and wetter projected conditions from 2011-2050.
3) Measurements of dissolved N2O concentrations in streams and rivers, coupled with Lagrangian and Eulerian atmospheric modeling, provide evidence that N2O emissions from the US Corn Belt have
Objectives
- Assess types and densities of NA bacteria in diverse manures and manured soils
- Identify physico-chemical conditions that favor NA activity in soil and reduce N2O emissions
- Evaluate the impact of climate adaptive management practices (C addition, low disturbance) on GHG tradeoffs
Livestock-Climate Change Annual Meeting 2011: REMM Project Update (R. Reid)Colorado State University
A description of the Livestock-Climate Change CRSP's REMM Project (Increasing adaptive capacity of Mongolian livestock herders under a changing climate through rangeland ecosystem monitoring and community-based conservation) and update on the project's current status. Presentation given by R. Reid (Colorado State University) at the Livestock Climate Change CRSP Annual Meeting, Golden, CO, April 26-27, 2011.
Quantifying greenhouse gas emissions from managed and natural soilsILRI
Presented by Klaus Butterbach-Bahl, Bjoern Ole Sander, David Pelster and Eugenio Diaz-Pines at the FAO‐CCAFS Workshop on Reducing the Costs of GHG Estimates in Agriculture to Inform Low Emissions Development, Rome, 10-12 November 2014
1) Global temperatures have risen about 1 degree Celsius since 1880 due to increased greenhouse gases from human activities like burning fossil fuels.
2) Reducing emissions of short-lived climate pollutants like methane, black carbon, and HFCs could significantly slow the rate of global warming over the next 25 years and increase agricultural yields.
3) Controlling emissions pathways in the near-term is important to reduce risks to current and future generations from climate change impacts, limit temperature increase to 1.5 degrees Celsius, and support achievement of UN Sustainable Development Goals.
This document discusses rice cultivation practices and their impact on greenhouse gas emissions. It begins with an introduction to climate change impacts on agriculture and rice production. It then describes different rice cultivation methods like transplanted rice, direct seeded rice, system of rice intensification, and aerobic rice. The document discusses the main greenhouse gases emitted from rice including carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide. It provides data on greenhouse gas emissions from Indian agriculture. Finally, it discusses various mitigation strategies for different rice cultivation practices like mid-season drainage, use of slow-release fertilizers, and alternate wetting and drying irrigation.
Agricultural greenhouse gas calculators overestimate fluxes in tropical farming systems
Poster presented by Meryl Breton Richards at the 3rd Global Science Conference on Climate-Smart Agriculture in Montpellier.
Read more: http://ccafs.cgiar.org/3rd-global-science-conference-%E2%80%9Cclimate-smart-agriculture-2015%E2%80%9D#.VRurLUesXX4
Similar to Standard Assessment of Agricultural Mitigation Potential and Livelihoods our common future 2015 (20)
The Accelerating Impact of CGIAR Climate Research for Africa (AICCRA) project works to deliver a climate-smart African future driven by science and innovation in agriculture.
AICCRA does this by enhancing access to climate information services and climate-smart agricultural technology to millions of smallholder farmers in Africa.
With better access to climate technology and advisory services—linked to information about effective response measures—farmers can better anticipate climate-related events and take preventative action that help communities better safeguard their livelihoods and the environment.
AICCRA is supported by a grant from the International Development Association (IDA) of the World Bank, which is used to enhance research and capacity-building activities by the CGIAR centers and initiatives as well as their partners in Africa.
About IDA: IDA helps the world’s poorest countries by providing grants and low to zero-interest loans for projects and programmes that boost economic growth, reduce poverty, and improve poor people’s lives.
IDA is one of the largest sources of assistance for the world’s 76 poorest countries, 39 of which are in Africa.
Annual IDA commitments have averaged about $21 billion over circa 2017-2020, with approximately 61 percent going to Africa.
This presentation was given on 27 October 2021 by Mengpin Ge, Global Climate Program Associate at WRI, during the webinar "Achieving NDC Ambition in Agriculture" organized by CCAFS, FAO and WRI.
Find the recording and more information here: https://bit.ly/AchievingNDCs
This presentation was given on 27 October 2021 by Sabrina Rose, Policy Consultant at CCAFS, during the webinar "Achieving NDC Ambition in Agriculture" organized by CCAFS, FAO and WRI.
Find the recording and more information here: https://bit.ly/AchievingNDCs
This presentation was given on 27 October 2021 by Krystal Crumpler, Climate Change and Agricultural Specialist at FAO, during the webinar "Achieving NDC Ambition in Agriculture" organized by CCAFS, FAO and WRI.
Find the recording and more information here: https://bit.ly/AchievingNDCs
This presentation was meant to be included in the 2021 CLIFF-GRADS Welcome Webinar and presented by Ciniro Costa Jr. (CCAFS).
The webinar recording can be found here: https://youtu.be/UoX6aoC4fhQ
The multilevel CSA monitoring set of standard core uptake and outcome indicators + expanded indicators linked to a rapid and reliable ICT based data collection instrument to systematically
assess and monitor:
- CSA Adoption/ Access to CIS
- CSA effects on food security and livelihoods household level)
- CSA effects on farm performance
The document discusses plant-based proteins as a potential substitute for animal-based proteins. It notes that plant-based proteins are growing in popularity due to environmental and ethical concerns with animal agriculture. However, plant-based meats also present some health and nutritional challenges compared to animal proteins. The document analyzes opportunities and impacts related to plant-based proteins across Asia, including leveraging the region's soy and pea production and tailoring products to Asian diets and cultural preferences.
Presented by Ciniro Costa Jr., CCAFS, on 28 June 2021 at the Asian Development Bank (ADB) Webinar on Sustainable Protein Case Study: Outputs and Synthesis of Results.
Presented by Marion de Vries, Wageningen Livestock Research at Wageningen University, on 28 June 2021 at the Asian Development Bank (ADB) Webinar on Sustainable Protein Case Study: Outputs and Synthesis of Results.
This document assesses the environmental sustainability of plant-based meats and pork in China. It finds that doubling food production while reducing agricultural greenhouse gas emissions by 73% by 2050 will be a major challenge. It compares the life cycle impacts of plant-based meats made from soy, pea, and wheat proteins and oils, as well as pork and beef. The results show that the crop type and source country of the core protein ingredient drives the environmental performance of plant-based meats. The document provides sustainability guidelines for sourcing ingredients from regions with low deforestation risk and irrigation needs, using renewable energy in production, and avoiding coal power.
This document summarizes a case study on the dairy value chain in China. It finds that milk production and consumption have significantly increased in China from 1978 to 2018. Large-scale dairy farms now dominate production. The study evaluates greenhouse gas emissions from different stages and finds feed production is a major contributor. It models options to reduce the carbon footprint, finding improving feed practices and yield have high potential. Land use is also assessed, with soybean meal requiring significant land. Recommendations include changing feeds to lower land and carbon impacts.
This document summarizes information on the impacts of livestock production globally and in Asia. It finds that livestock occupies one third of global cropland and one quarter of ice-free land for pastures. Asia accounts for 32% of global enteric greenhouse gas emissions from livestock, with most emissions coming from India, China, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. Rapid growth of livestock production in Asia is contributing to water and air pollution through nutrient runoff and emissions. The document discusses opportunities for public and private investment in more sustainable and climate-friendly livestock systems through technologies, monitoring, plant-based alternatives, and policies to guide intensification.
Presentation by Han Soethoudt, Jan Broeze, and Heike Axmann of Wageningen University & Resaearch (WUR).
WUR and Olam Rice Nigeria conducted a controlled experiment in Nigeria in which mechanized rice harvesting and threshing were introduced on smallholder farms. The result of the study shows that mechanization considerably reduces losses, has a positive impact on farmers’ income, and the climate.
Learn more: https://www.wur.nl/en/news-wur/show-day/Mechanization-helps-Nigerian-farms-reduce-food-loss-and-increase-income.htm
Presentation on the rapid evidence review findings and key take away messages.
Current evidence for biodiversity and agriculture to achieve and bridging gaps in research and investment to reach multiple global goals.
The document evaluates how climate services provided to farmers in Rwanda through programs like Participatory Integrated Climate Services for Agriculture (PICSA) and Radio Listeners’ Clubs (RLC) have impacted women and men differently, finding that the programs have increased women's climate knowledge and participation in agricultural decision making, leading to perceived benefits like higher incomes, food security, and ability to cope with climate risks for both women and men farmers.
This document provides an introduction to climate-smart agriculture (CSA) in Busia County, Kenya. It defines CSA and its three objectives of sustainably increasing agricultural productivity and income, adapting and building resilience to climate change, and reducing and/or removing greenhouse gas emissions. It discusses CSA at the farm and landscape scales and provides examples of CSA practices and projects in Kenya. It also outlines Kenya's response to CSA through policies and programs. The document describes prioritizing CSA options through identifying the local context, available options, relevant outcomes, evaluating evidence on options' impacts, and choosing best-bet options based on the analysis.
1) The document outlines an action plan to scale research outputs from the EC LEDS project in Vietnam. It identifies key activities to update livestock feed databases and software, improve feeding management practices, develop policies around carbon tracking and subsidies, and raise awareness of stakeholders.
2) The plan's main goals are to strengthen national feed resources, update the PC Dairy software, build greenhouse gas inventory systems, and adopt standards to reduce emissions in agriculture and the livestock industry.
3) Key stakeholders involved in implementing the plan include the Department of Livestock Production, universities, and ministries focused on agriculture and the environment.
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...Advanced-Concepts-Team
Presentation in the Science Coffee of the Advanced Concepts Team of the European Space Agency on the 07.06.2024.
Speaker: Diego Blas (IFAE/ICREA)
Title: Gravitational wave detection with orbital motion of Moon and artificial
Abstract:
In this talk I will describe some recent ideas to find gravitational waves from supermassive black holes or of primordial origin by studying their secular effect on the orbital motion of the Moon or satellites that are laser ranged.
(June 12, 2024) Webinar: Development of PET theranostics targeting the molecu...Scintica Instrumentation
Targeting Hsp90 and its pathogen Orthologs with Tethered Inhibitors as a Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategy for cancer and infectious diseases with Dr. Timothy Haystead.
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths ForwardLeonel Morgado
We will metaverse into the essence of immersive learning, into its three dimensions and conceptual models. This approach encompasses elements from teaching methodologies to social involvement, through organizational concerns and technologies. Challenging the perception of learning as knowledge transfer, we introduce a 'Uses, Practices & Strategies' model operationalized by the 'Immersive Learning Brain' and ‘Immersion Cube’ frameworks. This approach offers a comprehensive guide through the intricacies of immersive educational experiences and spotlighting research frontiers, along the immersion dimensions of system, narrative, and agency. Our discourse extends to stakeholders beyond the academic sphere, addressing the interests of technologists, instructional designers, and policymakers. We span various contexts, from formal education to organizational transformation to the new horizon of an AI-pervasive society. This keynote aims to unite the iLRN community in a collaborative journey towards a future where immersive learning research and practice coalesce, paving the way for innovative educational research and practice landscapes.
PPT on Direct Seeded Rice presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.
Or: Beyond linear.
Abstract: Equivariant neural networks are neural networks that incorporate symmetries. The nonlinear activation functions in these networks result in interesting nonlinear equivariant maps between simple representations, and motivate the key player of this talk: piecewise linear representation theory.
Disclaimer: No one is perfect, so please mind that there might be mistakes and typos.
dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
Corrected slides: dtubbenhauer.com/talks.html
Current Ms word generated power point presentation covers major details about the micronuclei test. It's significance and assays to conduct it. It is used to detect the micronuclei formation inside the cells of nearly every multicellular organism. It's formation takes place during chromosomal sepration at metaphase.
Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdfSelcen Ozturkcan
Ozturkcan, S., Berndt, A., & Angelakis, A. (2024). Mending clothing to support sustainable fashion. Presented at the 31st Annual Conference by the Consortium for International Marketing Research (CIMaR), 10-13 Jun 2024, University of Gävle, Sweden.
The cost of acquiring information by natural selectionCarl Bergstrom
This is a short talk that I gave at the Banff International Research Station workshop on Modeling and Theory in Population Biology. The idea is to try to understand how the burden of natural selection relates to the amount of information that selection puts into the genome.
It's based on the first part of this research paper:
The cost of information acquisition by natural selection
Ryan Seamus McGee, Olivia Kosterlitz, Artem Kaznatcheev, Benjamin Kerr, Carl T. Bergstrom
bioRxiv 2022.07.02.498577; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.02.498577
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically youngSérgio Sacani
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defectsSérgio Sacani
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
Standard Assessment of Agricultural Mitigation Potential and Livelihoods our common future 2015
1. Cost-effective guidelines for measurement of
agricultural greenhouse gas emissions and removals
Meryl Richards, Ngonidzashe Chirinda, Klaus Butterbach-Bahl, John Goopy, Ivan Ortiz-
Monasterio, Todd Rosenstock, Mariana Rufino, B Ole Sander, Tek Sapkota, Lini Wollenberg
2. Studies of N2O
emissions from
managed soils
in SSA
Hickman et al. 2014
Virtually no data on
GHG sources and
sinks in tropical
developing
countries
The problem: Lack of data, high uncertainty
Field measurements of N2O
Laboratory measurements of N2O
3. The problem: Lack of data, high uncertainty
Richards et al. 2015
Estimated and
measured changes
in GHG emissions
between control
and alternative
management
practices do not
agree
4. Hotspots of emissions
and mitigation potential
Herold et al., Wednesday 16:30
Parallel session 2218: Land-
based mitigation
UNESCO Fontenoy - Room IX
samples.ccafs.cgiar.org
Robust, standard
methods that reduce
cost of producing data
Emission factors,
models calibrated for
priority systems
7. Innovations in methods: Using diameter
only for tree biomass measurements
To save resources on tree
measurements:
• Allometric equations for trees
on farms can be based solely
on diameter at breast height
• Sampling strategy should
capture the range of tree
sizes found in the landscape
• Future indirect quantification
should focus on diameter at
breast height
Kuyah & Rosenstock 2015
8.
9. Findings: Fallow and straw management
in paddy rice
• Methane (CH4) emissions strongly influenced by fallow
and straw management
• Soil drying between rice crops in the tropics can reduce
CH4 emissions during the subsequent rice crop
Sander et al. 2014
0
500
1000
1500
2000
Flooded Dry Dry + tillage Dry and wet
gCO2e/m-2
With residue
Without residue
a
c
y
c
b
y
x
y
10. Findings: Soil N2O from fertilizer
applicationTesting the non-linearity of N2O emissions
from wheat with N rate above the optimum for
yield
Will provide N2O emission factors for Mexico
(Ortiz-Monasterio et al., forthcoming)
11. Findings: Emission factors for livestock
Source Kg CH4-C / Head. Year EF N2O-N %
IPCC, 2006 0.77 2
Yamluki, 1999 &
Yamluki, 1998
0.26 0.53
SAMPLES trial
0.14 (Friesian)
0.026 (Boran)
0.23 (Friesian)
0.53 (Boran)
Comparison of cumulative emissions and
emission factors for manure management
Butterbach-Bahl, Pelster, Goopy preliminary data
12.
13. Conclusions
• Some systems, sources and practices relatively
well-understood (e.g. CH4 changes with water
management in paddy rice)
• Others less so:
Priorities for data: N2O emissions from tropical soils, CH4
from livestock systems
Priorities for methods: Enteric methane, soil C
monitoring methods, activity data, calibration of models
Standard methods, coordinated data platforms
needed
15. References
• Arias-Navarro C, Díaz-Pinés E, Kieseb R, Rosenstock TS, Rufino MC, Stern D, Neufeldt H, Verchot
LV, Butterbach-Bahl K. (2013) Gas pooling: a sampling technique to overcome spatial heterogeneity
of soil carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide fluxes. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 67: 20-23.
• Hickman JE, Scholes RJ, Rosenstock TS, et al (2014) Assessing non-CO2 climate-forcing emissions
and mitigation in sub-Saharan Africa. Curr Opin Environ Sustain 9-10:65–72. doi:
10.1016/j.cosust.2014.07.010
• Kuyah S, Rosenstock TS (2015) Optimal measurement strategies for aboveground tree biomass in
agricultural landscapes. Agrofor Syst 89:125–133. doi: 10.1007/s10457-014-9747-9
• Richards M, Metzel R, Chirinda N, Ly P, Nyamadzawo G, Duong Vu Q, de Neergaard A, Oelefse M,
Wollenberg E, Keller E, Malin D, Olesen JE, Hillier J, Rosenstock TS (2015) Limits of greenhouse
gas calculators to predict soil fluxes in tropical agriculture. Submitted to Sci. Rep.
• Sander BO, Samson M, Buresh RJ (2014) Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from flooded rice
fields as affected by water and straw management between rice crops. Geoderma 235-236:355–362.
doi: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2014.07.020
• Smith P, Bustamante M, Ahammad H, et al (2014) Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use
(AFOLU). In: Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III
to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Edenhofer O,
Pichs-Madruga R, Sokona Y, et al. (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom
and New York, NY, USA.
• Van Vuuren DP, Stehfest E, den Elzen MGJ, et al (2011) RCP2.6: Exploring the possibility to keep
global mean temperature increase below 2°C. Clim Change 109:95–116. doi: 10.1007/s10584-011-
0152-3
16. Findings: Tillage and crop establishment
in rice-wheat systems
Tillage Crop
establishment
kg CH4-C ha-1 yr-1 kg N2O-N ha-1 yr-1
Conventional
tillage
Puddling,
transplanting
20.83 1.83
Zero till, residue
removed
Direct seeding 0.54 2.05
Zero till residue
left on field
Direct seeding 3.98 2.65
18. Rochette and Eriksen-Hamil 2008
60% of 360 studies of N2O emissions were inadequate to have
confidence in results
The problem: Validity of data
19. Arias-Navarro et al. 2013 SBB
Research
constraints
Development of new context specific methods
Analytical capacity in the lab
Small-scale spatial heterogeneity
20. Why measure and monitor emissions from
agriculture?
van Vuuren et al. 2011
21. Why measure and monitor emissions from
agriculture in developing countries?
Smith et al. 2014
GtCO2e/year
Editor's Notes
Red cross: laboratory measurements
Red circle: field measurements+
~60% of global N2O budget
20 studies, primary cause is fertilizer
This lack of data means that common estimation methods, such as IPCC equations and empirical models, have to rely on data primarily from temperate, developed countries, and their accuracy and precision in tropical developing countries is questionable.
Change in GHG balance between control and alternative management practices (e.g. continuous flooding vs. multiple drainage in rice). Points in the upper right and lower left quadrants represent cases where the calculator predicted the same direction of change as observed in the field study. Points in the lower right and upper left quadrants represent cases where the calculator predicted the opposite direction of change as observed in the field study.
The tools correctly predicted the direction of change for a little over half the data points
The calculators were less able to predict directional changes when a combination of practices was used (in particular a change in water management and organic inputs in flooded rice) or where N2O emissions were so low that differences were barely distinguishable, such as maize cultivation without fertilizer. On the other hand, the calculators predicted the direction of change correctly for practice changes with relatively well-understood effects on emissions, such as differing levels of mineral nitrogen fertilizer or intermittent drainage of flooded rice with no change in organic inputs.
Sample pooling technique collects a composite gas sample from several chambers instead of the conventional practise of analyzing samples from chambers individually, thus reducing numbers of gas samples. Similar to pooling soil samples. Reduces lab analysis cost, a major limitation for GHG measurement of soil fluxes.
Top figure: Accuracy vs. financial implication: the mean relative error (error %) of equations derived from a limited number of trees but applied to all 72 trees and the cost of sampling trees of different sizes. The trees are ordered by increasing diameter at breast height.
Bottom figure: Scatter plot of aboveground biomass against diameter at breast height for the 72 trees harvested in western Kenya
-Methods, in the field, in the laboratory have a significant impact on the results
-And there is a large variation in the type of methods used
-This study reviewed 360 chamber measurement of N2O and found nearly 60% made insufficiently rigorous measurement
What we do know is a lot about measuring emissions
We know a lot about the appropriate methods. This chart is referring to soils but an equivalent one could be animals using
Stoichiometry relationships
Sulfur hexafloride tracers
Respiration chambers
Their advantages and disadvantages
Annual GHG emissions (mainly CH4 and N2O) from agricultural production in 2000─2010 were estimated at 5.0─5.8 GtCO2eq/yr, comprising about 10─12% of global anthropogenic emissions. Annual GHG flux from land use and land‐use change activities accounted for approximately 4.3─5.5 GtCO2eq/yr, or about 9─11% of total anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. The total contribution of the AFOLU sector to anthropogenic emissions is therefore around one quarter of the global anthropogenic total.
a) Total anthropogenic GHG emissions (GtCO2e yr-1) by economic sectors and country income groups. Emissions from agriculture, forestry, and other land use (AFOLU) represent 20-24% of emissions globally, but an even greater percentage in low and lower-middle income countries.
b) Emissions from agriculture, forestry, and other land use (AFOLU) for the last four decades. AFOLU emissions decreased overall in the last decade, but crop and livestock agriculture became the dominant AFOLU emission source
CCAFS estimates that smallholder farming in the developing world contributes about 1/3 of agricultural emissions (1.7 GtCO2e/yr) and 1/3 of emissions from deforestation due to agriculture (0.8 GtCO2e/yr) (2010). Smallholder agricultural emissions alone account for ~ 3.4% of total global emissions—four times the agricultural emissions of the EU or US.
Agriculture in tropical developing countries produces about 7-9% of annual anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and contributes to additional emissions through land use change (Smith et al. 2014)
Mitigation activities in agriculture are likely to be in developing countries as nearly 70% of the technical mitigation potential in the agricultural sector occurs in these countries (Smith et al. 2008)