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Sampling and its types
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- 2. Meaning Sampling isthe process of selecting observations (a sample) to provide an adequate description and inferences of the population. In other words sampling refers to selecting a group which will represent the entire population. Sample is a unit that is selected from population.
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- 5. Probability Sample Aprobability sample is a sample in which every unit in the population has a chance of being selected in the sample. Sample is chosen randomly therefore it is also called Random sample. The combination of these traits makes it possible to produce unbiased estimates of population totals, by weighting sampled units according to their probability of selection.
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- 7. Simple Random Sample Each individual is chosen randomly and entirely by chance, such that each individual has the same probability of being chosen at any stage during the sampling process. Each subset of k individuals has the same probability of being chosen for the sample as any other subset of k individuals.
- 8. Stratified random sampling involves splitting subjects into mutually exclusive groups and then using simple random sampling to choose members from groups
- 9. Systematic Sampling Itmeans that you choose every “nth” participant from a complete list. For example, you could choose every 10th person listed
- 10. Cluster Random Sampling It is a way to randomly select participants from a list that is too large for simple random sampling. For example, if you wanted to choose 1000 participants from the entire population of the U.S., it is likely impossible to get a complete list of everyone. Instead, the researcher randomly selects areas (i.e. cities or counties) and randomly selects from within those boundaries.
- 11. Non Probability sampling where the probability of selection can't be accurately determined it is called non probability sampling. It involves the selection of elements based on assumptions regarding the population of interest, which forms the criteria for selection.
- 12. Non probability samplingtypes Convenience Snowball Quota Purposive
- 13. Convenience sample Itis a type of non-probability sampling method where the sample is taken from a group of people easy to contact or to reach. For example, standing at a mall or a grocery store and asking people to answer questions would be an example of a convenience sample.
- 14. Quota sampling Apopulation is first segmented into mutually exclusive sub- groups, just as in stratified sampling. Then judgment is used to select the subjects or units from each segment based on a specified proportion. For example, an interviewer may be told to sample 200 females and 300 males between the age of 45 and 60. This means that individuals can put a demand on who they want to sample
- 15. Purposive sampling Theresearcher chooses the sample based on who they think would be appropriate for the study. This is used primarily when there is a limited number of people that have expertise in the area being researched and , when the interest of the research is on a specific field or a small group.
- 16. Snowball sampling Techniquewhere existing study subjects recruit future subjects from among their acquaintances. Thus the sample group is said to grow like a rolling snowball. As the sample builds up, enough data are gathered to be useful for research. This sampling technique is often used in hidden populations, such as drug users or sex workers, which are difficult for researchers to access.
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