This presentation summarizes saltwater intrusion in coastal aquifers. Saltwater intrusion occurs when saline water displaces or mixes with freshwater in an aquifer, usually due to groundwater pumping from coastal wells. Saltwater intrusion is influenced by tidal fluctuations, climate changes, sea level rise, excessive freshwater consumption, lack of rainfall, and human activities like agriculture and pumping. Impacts of saltwater intrusion include contamination of freshwater aquifers and decreased agricultural production and drinking water. Proposed remedies include managed aquifer recharge, reducing freshwater usage near coasts, and installing subsurface barriers to control the flow of saltwater.

1. PRESENTATION
ON
Saltwater intrusion in coastal aquifers
Subject :- Hydrology Class :- M.Sc. 4th sem.
Presented to :- Presented by :-
Dr. Devendra Kumar Deolia
Sir Kundan Prajapati
Roll No.- 2149412
GOVT. SCIENCE COLLEGE, JABALPUR (M.P.)

2. Contents
• What is saltwater intrusion? & Why does Saltwater intrusion
Happen?
• When is Saltwater intrusion?
• How / Conditions of Saltwater intrusion?
• Disadvantages / Impacts of Saltwater intrusion?
• Remedies of Saltwater Intrusion?
• Conclusion....

3. What is Saltwater Intrusion? & Why does
Saltwater Intrusion happen?
• Saline water intrusion is the process of entering
saline water within freshwater aquifers.
• Saline water is the most common pollutant in
fresh ground water. Because, Saline or Sea
water contain chloride, sodium and sulfate ions
and high minerals that are injurious to health.
Intrusion of saline water occurs saline water
displaces or mixes with freshwater in an aquifer.

4. Saltwater intrusion is a major Concern commonly aquifers found in
coastal areas around the world.
• Saltwater Intrusion is the movement of saline water into
freshwater aquifers. It is caused by ground-water pumping from
Coastal wells.
• Sea water has a higher density than freshwater. This density causes
the pressure under a column of saltwater then the pressure under a
Column of the same height of fresh water.
• Pressure difference cause a flow of saltwater to fresh water until
the pressure equalizes.

5. How it occurs?
• Encroachment of sea water in coastal areas.
• Sea water that entered aquifers during past Geologic time.
• Changing of geological formation of ground level.
• Return flows to streams from irrigate land.
• Water concentrated by evaporation in tidal lagoons, playas on other
enclosed areas.
• Human saline waste.

6. WhenSaltwater IntrusionTakes Place
Salt water Intrusion is also influenced by factors such as
• Tidal fluctuation
• Long term climate and sea level changes.
• Fracture in coastal rock formation.
• Seasonal changes in evaporation and recharge rates.
• Rising of sea water level - sea level rise caused by global warming has
become a root cause, pressure from the increase in the quantity of
saltwater that many will try to enter the fresh water aquifer.
• High consumption of fresh water - Excessive consumption of fresh water
caused a shortage of freshwater in that area and cause the waters
invaded by salt water.
• Oil drilling – Oil ring usually use oil pipeline under the ground to deliver
oil from drilling site to storage tanks on the beach, as the result and the
more easy to salt water to insult the freshwater.

7. • Lack of rainfall - lack of rain causes replacement of fresh water
consumption was slow while the uses are increased in this case it will
reduce the amount of fresh water in the ground and it will be replace by
sea water.
• Agriculture - Agriculture is human activity that require lot amount of
fresh water, it will not suitable at area that near the sea.
• Pumping - Pumping of fresh water from an aquifer reduces the water
pressure and intensifies the effect, drawing salt water into new areas.
When freshwater levels drop, saltwater intrusion can proceed inland,
reaching the pumped well.
• Lack of knowledge – Human greed for money and lack of knowledge
caused us to be blind to the importance of to keep our only living place
mother earth.

8. Disadvantages / Impacts of Saltwater Intrusion
• The result is that the freshwater aquifer is becoming contaminated
with saltwater.
• Over the last 35 years, salinity has increased around 26 percent in
the coastal region of Bangladesh that keep an adverse impact on
our environment.
• Saline or Sea water contains chloride, sodium and sulfate ions and
high minerals that are injurious to health.
• Deceased a lot amount of fish and living organisms of fresh water.
• Deceased agricultural products and potable in the coastal region.

9. Remedial Measures
• Build a large pool area that has been on the locality of sea water and
channels of the sea water back to the ocean, by this action the
pressure of salt water near the fresh water aquifer will be reduced.
• Reduced a construction that disturb a fresh water aquifer.
• Acknowledge people about the global warming.
• Reduced waste of fresh water near the high risk area.
• Supply water from another location.
• Build more catchment area.
• Government policy.

10. Some proposed method to control sea water intrusion:
Recharging Techniques :-
1. Injection well
2. Recharging well
3. Induced recharge
Other method :-
(i) Changing pumping pattern,
(ii) Artificial recharge,
(iii) Extraction barrier,
(iv) Injection barrier,
(v) Sub-surface barrier,

11. Conclusion
This kind of pollution is less awareness of the public. all
parties, including individual organs and even the
government should care about this problem and should
take early steps to preserve our living space only being
contaminated.- teaching about maintaining awareness of
pollution should be emphasized at all age groups.-
Groundwater is a natural resource we need to preserve
as large contribution in our daily lives.

12. The coastal belt of Bangladesh consists of 19 districts, which cover 32% of
the country and accommodate more than 35 million people. During 1973,
salinity affected 83.3 million hectares of land; this was increased to 102
million hectares by the year 2000. After that, salinity affected a recorded
105.6 million hectares during 2009. Among these affected areas, around
2.5 million hectares of low-lying coastal lands represents 0.9 to 2.1
salinity level (SL) in Bangladesh. Over the last 35 years, salinity has
increased around 26 percent in the coastal region of Bangladesh. This
kind of problems need to solve for sound environment. To control sea
water intrusion this method need to follow that are (a)changing pumping
pattern, (b) artificial recharge, (c) extraction barrier, (d) injection barrier
and (e) sub-surface barrier,

13. Thank you