This document summarizes a study on the characteristics of saltwater intrusion in South 24 Parganas, West Bengal. It defines saltwater intrusion as the movement of saline water into freshwater aquifers. The causes include groundwater extraction, canals, and the higher density of seawater. The effects are on agriculture, water quality, ecology, and human health. The document reviews literature on modelling saltwater intrusion and past studies in other areas. It describes the methodology used to study the problem in South 24 Parganas, which faces issues from contaminated wells and bore wells. The conclusions predict that without intervention, groundwater will deteriorate further due to population growth and rainfall changes.
Sea Water Intrusion(SWI) in coastal areas :
1. Occurrence of seawater intrusion
2.Factors that affect coastal aquifer
3.Changes by hydrological regime
4.Problems due to SWI
5.Ghyben-Herzberg relation
6.Methods to detect SWI
7.Control measures
Groundwater models are simplified representation of large and real hydrogeologic systems like river basins or watersheds. GWM is attempted to analyse the mechanisms which control the occurrence and movement of groundwater and to evaluate the policies, actions and designs which may affect the systems. These models are less complex prototypes of complex hydrogeologic systems developed using spatially varying aquifer parameters, hydrologic properties, geologic boundary conditions and positions of withdrawal wells or recharging structures. These are designed to compute how pumping or recharge might affect the local or regional groundwater levels.
Sea Water Intrusion(SWI) in coastal areas :
1. Occurrence of seawater intrusion
2.Factors that affect coastal aquifer
3.Changes by hydrological regime
4.Problems due to SWI
5.Ghyben-Herzberg relation
6.Methods to detect SWI
7.Control measures
Groundwater models are simplified representation of large and real hydrogeologic systems like river basins or watersheds. GWM is attempted to analyse the mechanisms which control the occurrence and movement of groundwater and to evaluate the policies, actions and designs which may affect the systems. These models are less complex prototypes of complex hydrogeologic systems developed using spatially varying aquifer parameters, hydrologic properties, geologic boundary conditions and positions of withdrawal wells or recharging structures. These are designed to compute how pumping or recharge might affect the local or regional groundwater levels.
Introducing Groundwater Management PowerPoint Presentation Slides. Analyze information about water quality and underpin decisions about water resource management with this PPT slideshow. Demonstrate the process of planning, developing, and managing the optimum use of water by using this visually appealing PPT layout. The survey data for determining water quality can be easily presented by using our professionally designed water cycle management PowerPoint slideshow. Describe the natural processes and human processes that affect water quality. Understand sources of water pollution, natural and human processes affecting water quality by taking the advantage of this PPT slideshow. Provide data on the optimization of deterioration in water quality and pollutants that deteriorate the quality of water on a global scale with the help of our water quality management PowerPoint infographics. You can easily explain further topics like wastewater treatment process, wastewater reuse, global wastewater reuse by sector, etc. by downloading this ready-to-use PowerPoint slide deck. https://bit.ly/2RCTUun
This module gives an overview of general applications of current hydrogeological aspects. It is for the basic understanding of students and research scholars.
salt water intrusion prevention & contgrol.
Sea water intrusion
here i mention some info about salt water intrusion in costal areas and its control methods.
Adaptation to global change must include prudent management of groundwater as a renewable, but slow-feedback resource in most cases. Groundwater storage is already over-tapped in many regions, yet available subsurface storage may be a key to meeting the combined demands of agriculture, industry, municipal and domestic water supply, and ecosystems during times of shortage.
Classification either on quality or type based for groundwater can offer great advantages especially in regional groundwater management. It provides a short, quick processing, interpretation for a lot of complete hydro-chemical data sets and concise presentation of the results. There is a demonstrable need for a quality assurance, with the advanced usage of world's largest fresh water storage i.e Ground water. Its getting depleted over the years and the quality of the same degrading with a rapid pace. Ground water Quality is assessed mainly by the chemical analysis of samples. The data obtained from the chemical analysis is key for the further classification, analysis, correlation etc. Graphical and Numerical interpretation of the data is the main source for Hydro-chemical studies. In this paper we test the performance of the many available graphical and statistical methodologies used to classify water samples including: Collins bar diagram, Stiff pattern diagram, Schoeller plot, Piper diagram, Durov's Double Triangular Diagram, Gibbs's Diagram, Stuyfzand Classification. This paper explains various models which classify, correlate etc., summarizing the water quality data. The basic graphs and diagrams in each category are explained by sample diagrams. In addition to the diagrams an overall characterization of hydro-chemical facies of the water can be carried out by using plots which represents a water type and hardness domain. The combination of graphical and statistical techniques provides a consistent and objective means to classify large numbers of samples while retaining the ease of classic graphical presentation.
Introducing Groundwater Management PowerPoint Presentation Slides. Analyze information about water quality and underpin decisions about water resource management with this PPT slideshow. Demonstrate the process of planning, developing, and managing the optimum use of water by using this visually appealing PPT layout. The survey data for determining water quality can be easily presented by using our professionally designed water cycle management PowerPoint slideshow. Describe the natural processes and human processes that affect water quality. Understand sources of water pollution, natural and human processes affecting water quality by taking the advantage of this PPT slideshow. Provide data on the optimization of deterioration in water quality and pollutants that deteriorate the quality of water on a global scale with the help of our water quality management PowerPoint infographics. You can easily explain further topics like wastewater treatment process, wastewater reuse, global wastewater reuse by sector, etc. by downloading this ready-to-use PowerPoint slide deck. https://bit.ly/2RCTUun
This module gives an overview of general applications of current hydrogeological aspects. It is for the basic understanding of students and research scholars.
salt water intrusion prevention & contgrol.
Sea water intrusion
here i mention some info about salt water intrusion in costal areas and its control methods.
Adaptation to global change must include prudent management of groundwater as a renewable, but slow-feedback resource in most cases. Groundwater storage is already over-tapped in many regions, yet available subsurface storage may be a key to meeting the combined demands of agriculture, industry, municipal and domestic water supply, and ecosystems during times of shortage.
Classification either on quality or type based for groundwater can offer great advantages especially in regional groundwater management. It provides a short, quick processing, interpretation for a lot of complete hydro-chemical data sets and concise presentation of the results. There is a demonstrable need for a quality assurance, with the advanced usage of world's largest fresh water storage i.e Ground water. Its getting depleted over the years and the quality of the same degrading with a rapid pace. Ground water Quality is assessed mainly by the chemical analysis of samples. The data obtained from the chemical analysis is key for the further classification, analysis, correlation etc. Graphical and Numerical interpretation of the data is the main source for Hydro-chemical studies. In this paper we test the performance of the many available graphical and statistical methodologies used to classify water samples including: Collins bar diagram, Stiff pattern diagram, Schoeller plot, Piper diagram, Durov's Double Triangular Diagram, Gibbs's Diagram, Stuyfzand Classification. This paper explains various models which classify, correlate etc., summarizing the water quality data. The basic graphs and diagrams in each category are explained by sample diagrams. In addition to the diagrams an overall characterization of hydro-chemical facies of the water can be carried out by using plots which represents a water type and hardness domain. The combination of graphical and statistical techniques provides a consistent and objective means to classify large numbers of samples while retaining the ease of classic graphical presentation.
Pia, an intern with BIOME Trust evaluates possibilities and risks with sewage water reuse. She does this in the context of the Jakkur lake in the North of Bangalore. The aim of the project was to study the nitrate levels of the treated water flowing through Jakkur Lake from the BWSSB sewage treatment plant situated at the inlet, and thereby value the function of the lake as a wastewater treatment and a groundwater recharging system.
The river Bharathapuzha is the lifeline of three districts in Central Kerala namely Palakkad, Malappuram and Thrissur and also parts of Coimbatore district of Tamil Nadu. This region gets an increase in population during the recent years. Water is unevenly distributed as surface and groundwater resources. An integrated hydrogeological study in the whole basin has not been attempted so far. This is the result of our investigation.
Sources of groundwater pollution
Landfills: filling of the land pits which causes leaching of chemicals.
Industrial spills and waste disposal: industrial dumping in open areas and rivers.
Characterizing Selenium Leaching and Transport from Southern West Virginia Valley Fill Alternatives by Leslie Hopkinson, Nathan DePriest, John Quaranta, and Paul Ziemkiewicz
Impact of Building Dam on River Ecosystem and Its Preventive Measures╚»Śăńğĩť Βăńĩķ«╝
To study the effects of dam construction to the river ecosystem.
To formulate dam running scheme that benefits eco-environment.
To review a case-study: Farakka Barrage.
Conventional Method For Ground Water Augmentation Of Panamaruthupatti Block, ...IJMER
Artificial groundwater recharge is a process by which the groundwater reservoir is
augmented at a rate exceeding the augmentation rate under natural conditions of replenishment. In
some parts of India, due to over-exploitation of groundwater, decline in groundwater levels
resulting in shortage of supply of water, and intrusion of saline water in coastal areas have been
observed. In such areas, there is need for artificial recharge of groundwater by augmenting the
natural infiltration of precipitation or surface-water into underground formations by methods such
as water spreading, recharge through pits, shafts, wells et cetera The choice of a particular method
is governed by local topographical, geological and soil conditions; the quantity and quality of
water available for recharge; and the technological-economic viability and social acceptability of
such schemes. In our project our study area is mainly comprised of hilly terrain with the maximum
elevation at 1184m at Bodamalai(melur). With other hillocks and hills are Jarugu malai,
Bodamalai, Jalluthumalai and Perumal malai, etc. In the north west of the study area, a lake is
situated namely Panamaruthupatti Lake. It is a natural lake surrounded by hills by which it
receives sources of water. Panamaruthupatti lake is about 3500 acres in area which provides water
to Salem town before the supply of Cauvery water from Mettur. Now this source of water is used to
meet the requirements in some parts of southern suburbs of Salem city and Northern part of
Namakkal District upto Rasipuram Town. This source of water will support to enhance the over all
augmentation of sub surface water in the study area. Now a days the supply of Cauvery water is not
fulfilling the needs of people and its sub urban because of increase in population. Any improvement
in ground water condition of study area will have the chance of additional supply of drinking water
and also the possibility of increase in agricultural activity in and around the said village. Hence we
plan to do research and propose the ideas for recharging the water to Panamarathupatti Block by
using conventional method.
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Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
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introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
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and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
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1. Characteristics of Salt Water Intrusion (South24
Parganas, West Bengal)
BY:
Aniket Singh(1758030)
Shubham(1758041)
Anubhav Anand(1758055)
Shiv Shankar Kumar(1758060)
Prince Kumar(1758062)
DEPT: Civil Engineering
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF:
Prof: Rajshree Lodh
2. Preview
1.INTRODUCTION
I.)Definition
II.)Causes of saline water intrusion
III.)Effects of salt water intrusion
2.MODELLING SALTWATER INTRUSION
3.LITERATURE REVIEW
4.PRESENT STUDY AREA
I.)Introduction
II.)problem identification
III.)methodology
5.CONCLUSION AND FUTURE PREDICATION
6. REFERENCES
3. I.)Definition :
What is salt water intrusion ?
• Saltwater intrusion is the " movement of saline water into freshwater aquifers", which can
lead to groundwater quality degradation,including drinking water sources, and
other consequences.Saltwater intrusion can naturally occur in coastalaquifers, owing to the
hydraulic connection between groundwater and seawater.
• Salt water intrusion is driven by both
natural & anthropogenic pressures.
4. II.)Causes Of SalineWater Intrusion :
• Groundwater extraction
• Canals and Drainage networks
• Greater specific gravity of seawater than fresh water
density of fresh water =1 g/cm3
density of sea water =1.025 g/cm3(approx)
5. EFFECT OF SALT WATERINTRUSION :
• Agriculture production
• Water quality
• Ecological health of streams
• Human health
6. 2.Modelling of Saltwater
Intrusion
• A natural process that occurs in virtually all coastal aquifers.
• Define as movement of seawater inland into fresh
groundwater aquifers, as a result of
• Higher seawater density than freshwater.
• Groundwater withdrawal in coastal areas.
7. 2.1 Modelling of saltwaterintrusion
• Modellings are basically the numerical methods that
can simulate and predict the saltwater intrusion and
assess the impact on coastal aquifers.
• Field surveys can only reveal the present state of
seawater intrusion but can not make impact
assessment and prediction into the future,
• Numerical modelling tools are useful to understand
and predict seawater intrusion.
8. 2.2 Most popular models for
seawater intrusion
Model employed to simulate the seawater intrusion in coastal aquifers are
• Sutra
• Seawater
• HST3D
• FEFLOW
these models are very sensitive with respect to changes in hydraulic conductivity
and recharge.
And also sensitive to changes in porosity, anisotropy and dispersivity.
9. 3. Literature Review
• Saltwater intrusion in River Pearl.
• Method used to determine
• Water Supply strategies to withdraw freshwater
• Salt Water Intrusion in Changjiang Estuary
• Model used 3 Dimensionalnumerical method
• Fresh water withdrawal between the tides.
• Numerical modelling of saltwater intrusion in the Godavari Delta.
• Numerical Simulation and 2D finite element model.
• Result of the study
10. • A study on Saltwater intrusion in the coastal hard rock aquifer of South India.
• Na+>Ca2+>Mg2+>K+
• Cl->HCO3->SO4 2->H4SiO4>NO3->PO4->F-
• Dominant Factors
• Modelling and control of saltwater intrusion in a coastal aquifers in Andhra Pradesh,
India
• Period of 2 years
• Results of the study
• Tracing the evidence of Saltwater Intrusion in the coastal aquifers of Adhirapattinam,
India
• Low value of bicarbonate indicated the aquifers are fully soaked by seawater.
• Deteriorated groundwater
11. 4. Present Study Area
• Introduction
• South 24 Pragans, Kolkata, India
• Affected by the other districts as well.
• Groundwater Basin located lower GangaBasin.
• Indication of the saltwater Intrusion
• Problem Identification
• Main Sources are wells and bore wells.
• Major reason of the saltwater intrusion in the state.
• Absence of safe drinking water
12. Methodology
• Implication of the methods to stop the saltwater intrusion with urgency.
• Basic methods to stop intrusion is mostly affective.
• Reduction in pumping rate
• Rearrangement of Pumping walls.
• Artificial recharge and rainwater harvesting
• Injection and abstraction walls
• Construction of sub surface barriers.
• Groundwater monitoring network.
13. 5.CONCLUSIONS
• It has been found that South 24 Parganas is already saline prone area. In the
coming days due to the decadal growth of population and erratic rainfall, the
groundwater will be deteriorated so much by seawater intrusion that it will be
unfit for drinking water, irrigation purposes, and industrial use.
• Artificial recharge possibilities must be examined in this area to refill the over
pumped portions of the aquifer so as to reduce the effect of contamination.
• In reality, it is very difficult and very costly to re-establish the previous natural
conditions. Public should be awaked about water resources to raise the efficiency
of overall water use to the maximum limit.
• The efficient irrigation systemsshould be used or be madder available to the
farmers.
• Salt tolerant and drought resistantcrop varieties be developed and made
available to the local farmers to reduce pressure on the freshwatersources in the
study area
14. 5.1 Predicting the future Saltwater
Intrusion and Groundwater Head
• There is no quick measure to eradicate seawater intrusion. It can only be slowly
reduced with the hope of the state of the groundwater goes backward rather
than forward.
• We studied all the data available to us through sources and combinely tried to
predict the future seawater intrusion in the groundwater through a graph.
• we have assumed some parameters like soil property, Rainfall variation, previous
seawater intrusion, etc.
• The Graph is drawn below for the groundwater head.
16. 6.REFERNCES
• Wavelet analysis of the dynamic characteristics of saltwater intrusion – A case
study in the Pearl River Estuary of China.
• Numerical modeling of salt-water intrusion due to human activities and sea-level
change in the Godavari Delta, India by A. GHOSH BOBBA
https://doi.org/10.1080/02626660209493023
• A study on the status of saltwater intrusion in the coastal hard rock aquifer of
South India. By C. Singaraja, S. Chidambaram, P. Anandhan, M. V. Prasanna, C.
Thivya & R.
• The present study of seawater intrusion in the coastal aquifers of India
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydres.2020.06.001
• Modern problem and identification http://s24pgs.gov.in/s24p/
• Pumps and pumping system - Bureau of Energy .http s://beeindia.gov.i
• Groundwater and Streamflow Information Program https://www.usgs.gov/
• Assessmentof the possibility of saltwater intrusion in the central Godavari delta
region, Southern India (LaguduSurinaidu, Velidi V. S. Gurunadha Rao,
JampaniMahesh)(2014)
