Sales promotion is used as an incentive to encourage customers to purchase a product. It aims to stimulate immediate sales and can include discounts, coupons, samples, and sweepstakes with a limited time period. Sales promotion targets both trade partners to increase stock and consumers directly to induce trials, create new users, and reward loyal customers. While advertising communicates reasons to buy, sales promotion provides economic motivation for purchase.

1. Sales Promotion

2. Whereas advertising gives a reason to buy, SP gives an incentive to buy It is part of the Marketing spend of all companies and these days SP spends in many companies exceed that of the adspends

3. Why? Internal External

4. Internal reasons Top management is more conducive to spending on promotions Line managers under greater pressure to achieve targets Justification of expenditure is easy

5. External reasons Increase in number of brands Consumer is more price savvy Greater pressure from trade to liquidate stocks Add effectiveness declining owing to rising costs, media clutter and legal constraints

6. SP is a push strategy Since it is at the last point where the consumer is often at the point of buying, the additional incentive makes a last ditch effort to convert the customer on to the incentivised brand

7. SP is of two types Trade Consumer

8. Trade promotion Liquidating heavy inventories Persuade retailers to carry stock, carry more than usual stock, promote brand franchise

9. Consumer promotion Stimulate purchase Induce trial Create new users Increase repurchase from occasional customers Reward loyal customers

10. Forms of trade promotion Bulk discounts Free materials Display windows Shelf hiring Lucky draws ‘ Mystery’ customer Redistribution incentives Shop salesmen incentives

11. Forms of consumer promotion Free samples Free gifts Coupons In-packs Price packs Price-offs Sweepstakes Bundling offers

12. SP spurs action because they are supposed to run for a limited time While the advertising budgets are controlled by the brand managers, SP budgets usually are controlled by the sales managers

13. The more the product’s quality and its advertising persuasiveness fail to meet competition, the greater is the need for promotion to improve the price – value relationship

14. Promotion at different stages of the PLC Introduction – wise to use heavy promotion to induce trials and promote brand franchise Growth – promotion should be limited ,if any Maturity – Higher promotions required since the brand is under attack from competitors or product quality or advertising effectiveness is tapering off Decline – Heavy promotions. Used only to retain a set of loyal customers. Prior to withdrawal of the product, it could be used as a one time stock clearance from the trade

15. Essential elements for an effective SP programme Significant value before promotion is effective Promotions must be part of an overall plan Every brand must have a promotion objective and a strategy statement A written tactical plan – time frame, costs, evaluation yardsticks Factual knowledge must be gathered to plan Specialised professional skill and knowledge must be applied to every promotion operations

16. Final considerations Don’t promote if the product is not good Promotions rarely stop a declining sales curve It is very easy to lose the promotional gains made if your promotion has not been effective in retaining new customers. So the product has to speak for itself. The objective of the promotion is to wean away users from competition and create new users. Excessive promotions lead to diminishing returns and may devalue the brand

17. Cont’d Promotions may be used in conjunction with advertising and other marketing communication tools It should be novel and attractive Ensure supply lines are good and adequate stock is available right through the promotion Cater for contingencies. Have escape routes built into the plan Trade has to be handled tactfully Reimburse incentives/ rewards/ gifts promptly Must be within the legal boundaries