Linked Open Data: Opportunities & Barriers for Archives
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A presentation given at Archives 360, Society of American Archivists conference, Chicago, USA. 26th August 2011
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Linked Open Data: Opportunities & Barriers for Archives
- 1. Linked Open Data: Opportunities & Barriers for Archives Archives 360, Society of American Archivists Chicago, USA 26th August 2011 Adrian StevensonLOCAH Project Manager UKOLN, University of Bath, UK
- 2. The goal of Linked Data is to enable people to share structured data on the Web as easily as they can share documents today. Bizer/Cyganiak/Heath Linked Data Tutorial, linkeddata.org
- 3. Linked Data Design Issues URIs LD Design Issues Triples http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/LinkedData.html
- 4. Triples Triples statements ‘Things’ have ‘properties’ with ‘values’ Subject – Predicate - Object Triples are the basis of RDF and Linked Data Is Member Of Provides Access To The Rolling Stones ArchivalResource Repository Keith Richards
- 5. LOCAH Project Linked Open Copac and Archives Hub Funded by #JiscEXPO 2/10 ‘Expose’ call 1 year project. Started August 2010 Partners & Consultants: UKOLN, Mimas, Eduserv, Talis, OCLC, Ed Summers http://blogs.ukoln.ac.uk/locah/
- 6. What is LOCAH Doing? Part 1: Exposing Archives Hub & Copac data as Linked Data Part 2: Creating a prototype visualisation Part 3: Reporting on opportunities and barriers
- 7. Archives Hub Model in Finding Aid Place PostcodeUnit Repository(Agent) administeredBy/administers maintainedBy/maintains encodedAs/encodes hasPart/partOf EAD Document accessProvidedBy/providesAccessTo Level Biographical History topic/page hasBiogHist/isBiogHistFor Language level ArchivalResource language at time topic/page origination hasPart/partOf TemporalEntity Creation product of associatedWith extent inScheme Extent Concept ConceptScheme Agent representedBy Object foaf:focus Is-a Is-a associatedWith Family Person Organisation Place Book participates in Genre Function Birth Death TemporalEntity at time
- 8. We’re Linking Data! If something is identified, it can be linked to We take items from our datasets and link them to items from other datasets BBC Copac VIAF DBPedia GeoNames Archives Hub
- 9. Enhancing our data Already have some links: Time - reference.data.gov.ukURIs Location - UK Postcodes URIs and Ordnance Survey URIs Names - Virtual International Authority File VIAF matches and links widely-used authority files - http://viaf.org/ Names - DBPedia Also looking at: Subjects - Library Congress Subject Headings and DBPedia Open Calais for entity extraction – from ‘bioghist’ field
- 12. Visualisation Prototype Using Timemap – Googlemaps and Simile http://code.google.com/p/timemap/ Early stages with this Will give location and ‘extent’ of archive. Will link through to Archives Hub
- 14. Hand crafted by humans
- 16. Linked Data promises an unbound global data space
- 19. Some challenges
- 20. Data Modelling Steep learning curve RDF terminology “confusing” Lack of archival examples Complexity Archival description is hierarchical and multi-level ‘Dirty’ Data
- 21. Linking Subjects
- 22. Linking Places
- 23. Sustainability Can you rely on data sources long-term? Ed Summers at the Library of Congress created http://lcsh.info Linked Data interface for LOC subject headings People started using it
- 24. Library of Congress Subject Headings
- 26. Solutions: Named graphs? Quads?
- 27. Best PracticeExample by Bradley Allen, Elsevier at LOD LAM Summit, SF, USA, June 2011
- 29. Hard to track attribution
- 31. Attribution and CC License Sections of this presentation adapted from materials created by other members of the LOCAH Project This presentation available under creative commonsNon Commercial-Share Alike: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/uk/
Editor's Notes
- Has been described as a ‘data commons’, or more usually a Web of Data.
- http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/LinkedData.html
- In hypertext web sites it is considered generally rather bad etiquette not to link to related external material. The value of your own information is very much a function of what it links to, as well as the inherent value of the information within the web page. So it is also in the Semantic Web.Remember, this is about machines linking – machines need identifiers; humans generally know when something is a place or when it is a person. BBC + DBPedia + GeoNames + Archives Hub + Copac + VIAF = the Web as an exploratory spaceUsers very interested in related materials acc to Terry Catapano at SAA 2011. LD can really help with this.
- Can get XSLT stylesheet here too!
- Note that it is machine readable interface as well as the human interfaceCurrently have a few hundred in Locah. There are 25,000 EAD records on theHub srevice. We’re Intending to put about 2,000 up for Linking Lives Project.
- Data can be integrated from many diff sourcesUsers very interested in related materials acc to Terry Catapano at SAA 2011. LD can really help with this.
- Steep learning curve: - RDF Linked Data modelingterminology - Lack of archive domain examples – though you now have LOCAH! - Certain level of expertise neededDirty Data - Joe Bloggs and others’ rather than just a name, or where the access points do not have rules or a source associated with them. - Extent data highly variableComplexity - “lower level” units interpreted in context of the higher levels of description - Arguably “incomplete” without the contextual data.Relations are asserted, e.g. member-of/component-ofBut there is no requirement or expectation that data consumers will follow the links describing the relations
- Ex