Presentacion de 11th Asian Maize Conference which took place in Beijing, China from November 7 – 11, 2011.

1. Breeding for Drought
and Acid Soil Tolerant
Maize in Indonesia
M. Azrai, Roy Effendi and M. Yasin
Indonesian Cereals Research Institute

2. Importance and Problems of Maize
• The second food and as the main feed ingredient
• Domestic production is lower, demand on maize
incresing  necessary imports
• Farmer eager to plant of maize, but 75% is
cultivated in dry land and acid soil  Farmers
need DT and AcT Maize
• Increasing pest and disease  DM
• Climate change  Difficult prediction of the
seasons  Need variety tolerant to drought and
water lodging
• Mize Public Issue: Food, Feed, Energy 
Inflation  Poor.

3. What the important of DT and AcT Maize in
Indonesia?
• Maize is planted in
Indonesia in ±4.2 million
ha
• 79% of the whole area is
dry land
• Most of the land area
(59%) is low-productive
due to drought and acid
soil  Plant RS >< Yield
defisit

4. Progress: Production, harvested area
and yield of Maize in Indonesia
2001-2010
20 Production
18 Harvested Area (million ha) increasing by
Productivity (t/ha)
16 Production (million ton) yield
14
Quantity
12
10
8
Technology
6
4
2
0
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Variety
Year

5. Progress of export & Inport of Maize
Indonesia: 2006 - 2011
Volum (Ton)
No Year Prpduktion
Export Inport
1 2006 11.609.463 28.674 1.775.321
2 2007 13.287.527 101.739 476.162
3 2008 16.317.252 108.170 169.359
4 2009 17.629.758 59.957 293.280
5 2010 17.844.676 32.187 1.552.508
6 2011* 17.392.246 - 2.585.981
Sumber: BPS dan Ditjen Nak (diolah)
* angka sampai Sept 2011
5

6. Target of production, area harvested
and productivity of maize (2010-2014)
Production Area Productivit
Year (million harvested y
ton) (million ha) (t/ha)
2010 19.80 4.2 4.72
2011 22.0 4.4 5.0
2012 24.0 4.6 5.22
2013 26.0 4.8 5.42
2014 29.0 5.3 5.80

7. Breeding Methode
• Screening in the green
house and laboratory and
field
• Crossing and evaluation in
the fiield
• Recurrent selection
• Develpt of new high
yielding inbred lines.
• I​introduces the inbred lines,
populations and hybrids
from CIMMYT

8. Breeding Methode
Breeding For DT
1. Determaining of Selection
pharameter by the Role of
Root to Drought Stress,
using 15 genotypes.
• The laboratory
experiment , we use
polyethylene glycol
(PEG) 6000 at
concentration of 15% as
stress agent. The seeds
were germinated using
roll paper upright
saturated with PEG
solution.

9. • At the green house we apply of polyethylene glycol
(PEG) 6000 at concentration of 10%, 10 days after
planting
• The field, we planting in the well water and drought
conditions. The drought stress was applied by stopping
irrigation at 35 days after planting (dap) until harvest
time
• The results showed that drought stress condition
decreased plant growth 31.7%, leaf width 29.9%, fertile
plant 84.2% and leaf chlorophyll 44.6%. While
increased leaf rolling, anthesis silking interval (ASI) 9.8
days, and proline accumulation in primary root
increased as 862,4%. The yield of susceptible
genotypes decreased about 68.0 – 88.9% and the
moderately tolerant genotypes decreased about 54.1 -
60.3%. The main direct effect of drought stress to
maize yield was dry root weight

10. 2. Development of new populaton with reciprocal recurrent
selection methode:
• Sesion 1. Selfing MSJ1 popuation (MK 9, Kalingga,
Wiyasa, Harapan, Rama, MS 3, Pop. 27, and Pop.
28) and MSJ2 Population (Genteng Kuning, Pop. 24,
Suwan 3 and Pop 28).
• Sesion 2. Development of top-crosses: crossing S1
lines with the opposite population as a tester (J1 vs.
J2)
• Sesion 3. Evaluation of top-crosses in replicated
trials
• Sesion 4. Recombination of the selected lines: to
produce a new cycle (ni + 1) populations
• Repead sesion 1-4 to developt C2, C3 .....C7.
• MSJ2(RRS)C1  Var Palakka  DT
• MSJ2(RRS)C2  Var Lamuru  DT

12. 3. Development of new DT
inbred lines:
• Selected 7 inbreed lines:
S5 from MSJ1(RRS)C7
good SCA with Mr14 and
MAL03.
• Selected 19 inbred lines:
S5 generation from
MSJ2(RSS)C7 good SCA
with Mr14 and MAL03.
• Selected 5 inbred lines
generation S7 from Arjuna
Pop are good SCA with
Ki3  Developt for Early
Maturity Hybrid and DT.

13. AMROUT-GCP-NARS (ICERI) BREEDING ACTIVITIES
Goals: DT and Early Maturity
Sea- ActivitIes
son
1 Make F1 pedigree crosses: Mr14 x CML444, Mr14 x
VL062701, G180 x CML505, Mr14 x CML505, G180 x
VL062718, G180 x VL062701 and CZL085
2 Ev F1, 2 loc, 3 rep, RS and DS  Mr14 x CML444
and G180 x VL062701
3 Make S1 lines: Mr14 x CML444 and G180 x
VL062701
4 Top Cross S1 (M) x P21 (F) & Developt S2 Lines
5 Ev S2 Top Crosses: WW and DS
6 Developrt S3 lines (Selected)  In the progrees

14. AMROUT-GCP-NARS (ICERI) BREEDING ACTIVITIES
Sea- ActivitIes
son
7 Make TC1 and S4 lines  RS
2012
8 Evaluate TC1 (WW and DS)
and make S5 lines  DS
2012 BIMA 7
9 MakeTC2 and S6 lines  RS
2013
10 Evaluate TC2 (WW and DS)
and make S7 lines  DS
2012
11 Make new pedigree crosses
BIMA 2

15. Joint Research Project: GCP-
AMROUD-AAA & NARS in Indonesia
Goal: Developt of DT and DMR Inbreed lines and
hybrids
Progress:
• Crosses 11 CIMMYT IL
(White color and ICERI
IL (Yellow Color)
• Starting DM Evaluation
than will be continue to
selfing  S 1  Follow
AAA Methode/Schedule
• Starting SCA Evaluation
 Selected S1 SCA and
DMR

16. Fem Male
No Name (WC) ICERI (YC)
1 CML 488 MR 4
2 CZL O4OO6 MR 11
3 CML 442 MR 12
4 CML 440 MR 13
5 CML 444 MR 14
6 CZL 00003 B11-209
7 CZL 052 Mal o1
8 CZL 00009 Mal 02
9 CZL 0723 Mal 03
10 CZL 0719 Mal 04
11 CZL 0721
12 CZL 0717
13 CML 505

17. Breeding For AcT
• ICERI have 2 OPV good tolerance for Ac:
• Antasena  Introduced from CIMMYT
(Susceptible DM)
• Sukmaraga  AMATL (HS) C2 
Improvment population AMATL introduced
from CIMMYT (Moderat Resistance to DM)
SUKMARAGA

18. • In 2011, ICeRI Introduced 17 hybrids and
some lines AcT from CIMMYT Colombia
(Many tahanks Dr. Luis Narro).
• Result of Evalution at Normar Condition in
Maros showed 3 hybris very good
performance, i.e. No 9, 15, and 17.
• In the Acid Soils Env., we can’t harvest
because infected of DM > 85%.

19. No 9
No 17
No 15

20. Our Breeding Prongram: Developt New
Population and Hybrid Tolerant to
Ac.S and DMR
• screen maize genotypes under Al stress in
culture solution..
• The main plots were Al concentration (0, 2.5, 5
10, 20, and 40 ppm Al), and the sub plots were
22 maize genotypes.
• The results indicated that the genotype AMATL-
(HS).C2, SATP-(S2)-C6S0, MRSS-1(S1).C1-
29-1, and MRSS-1(S1).C1-57-1 were more
tolerant to Al-toxicity than the other genotypes
including Antasena.

21. • The Concentration of 5 - 10 ppm Al in
nutrient solution was adequate to separate
genotypes between tolerant and sensitive
genotypes in screening of maize genotype
under Al stress.
• Relative net root length and relative root
length were the best variable to be used as
Al-tolerance indicators.
• Continue developt inbred lines and
improving of pop toleran to Ac Soil and
DMR

22. THANK YOU