The document discusses rust diseases in plants caused by fungi from the order Pucciniales, detailing their life cycle, types (including leaf, stem, and stripe rust), and infection characteristics. Rust fungi are obligate pathogens that affect specific plant hosts, producing various types of spores during their life cycle and exhibiting distinct symptoms on infected plants. Control measures involve removing infected parts, maintaining cleanliness between plants, and using preventative treatments like sulfur dust and fungicides.

1. RUST DISEASE IN PLANTS
LIFE CYCLE AND CONTROLS
FAIDURAHMAN
KALATHINGAL
STEM RUST LEAF RUST STRIPE
RUST

2. INTRODUCTION
 Rusts are plant diseases caused by pathogenic fungi of the
order Pucciniales (previously known as Uredinales).
 An estimated 168 rust genera and approximately 7,000
species, more than half of which belong to the genus Puccinia,
are currently accepted.[1] Rust fungi are highly specialized
plant pathogens with several unique features. Taken as a
group, rust fungi are diverse and affect many kinds of plants.
However, each species has a very narrow range of hosts and
cannot be transmitted to non-host plants. In addition, most rust
fungi cannot be grown easily in pure culture.
 A single species of rust fungi may be able to infect two
different plant hosts in different stages of its life cycle, and may
produce up to five morphologically and cytologically distinct
spore-producing structures
viz., spermogonia, aecia, uredinia, telia, and basidia in
successive stages of reproduction.[2] Each spore type is very
host specific, and can typically infect only one kind of plant.FAIDURAHMAN KALATHINGAL

3. Rust fungi are obligate plant pathogens that only infect living plants.
 Infections begin when a spore lands on the plant surface, germinates, and
invades its host.
Infection is limited to plant parts such as leaves, petioles, tender shoots, stem,
fruits, etc.
Plants with severe rust infection may appear stunted, chlorotic (yellowed), or
may display signs of infection such as rust fruiting bodies.
Rust fungi grow intracellularly, and make spore-producing fruiting bodies within
or, more often, on the surfaces of affected plant parts.
Some rust species form perennial systemic infections that may cause plant
deformities such as growth retardation, witch's broom, stem canker, galls, or
hypertrophy of affected plant parts.
Rusts get their name because they are most commonly observed as deposits of
powdery rust-coloured or brown spores on plant surfaces.
FAIDURAHMAN KALATHINGAL

4. TYPES OF RUSTS
 LEAF RUST : Puccinia triticinia
 STEM RUST : Puccinia graminis
 STRIPE RUST : Puccinia striformis
FAIDURAHMAN KALATHINGAL

5. STAGES OF SPORES
 They are macro cyclic five different stages of spores
:
On cereal:
 Teliospores
 Basidiospores
 Uridinospores
Alternate host:
 Pycniospores
 Aeciospores
FAIDURAHMAN KALATHINGAL

6. STEM RUST
FAIDURAHMAN KALATHINGAL
 Parts of plant infected:
 Commonly affects stems leaf sheaths, and
leaf blades; occasionally will affect part of
the head.
 Shape and distribution of lesions:
 Oval-shaped or elongated blister-like
lesions scattered on affected tissues, lesions
visible on both sides of leaf.
 Lesion color: Orange-red
 Degree of damage:
 Tearing of outer layers of
 plant tissue that is visible without
magnification.

7. LEAF RUST
FAIDURAHMAN KALATHINGAL
 Parts of plant infected: Commonly
occurs on leaf blades, but may also affect
leaf sheaths; infections of stems and heads
are rare.
 Shape and distribution of lesions:
Round or slightly elongated blister-like
lesions scattered on affected tissues.
 Lesion color: Brown
 Degree of damage: Tearing of outer
layers of plant tissue rare, visible with
magnification.

8. STRIPE RUST
FAIDURAHMAN KALATHINGAL
 Parts of plant infected:
Commonly affects leaf blades,
occasionally observed on heads
when disease is very severe;
infection of leaf sheaths or stems is
rare
 Shape and distribution of
lesions: Small, roun dblister-like
lesions that merge to form stripes
 Lesion color: Yellow-orange
 Degree of damage: No tearing of
outer layers of plant tissue
Identification

9. LIFE CYCLE
FAIDURAHMAN KALATHINGAL
Teliospores in
uredinial
infection
4 happloid
basidiospores
Happloid
pycniospores
Dikaryotic
aecium
develop at
the lower part
of leaf
Chaine like
aeciospore
Meiosis
Land on alternate
host on the upper
surface of the leaf
Flexuous hyphae
Carried out
by insects

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11. IDENTIFICATION
OF RUST
FAIDURAHMAN KALATHINGAL
 Differentiating the rust diseases can be difficult, but with
 practice they can be reliably identified.Begin by
considering
 broad characteristics such as which plant parts are affected
 Figure 1) or arrangement of the blister-like lesions on
plants.
 These characteristics will often separate one or more of
these
 diseases quickly. Continue by examining less obvious
charac-
 teristics including lesion size, shape, and color to either
confirmthe diagnosis or separate the more similar diseases.
For example, stripe rust is the only one of these diseases to
have the blister-like lesions organized into stripes on the
leaves (left).
 If the lesions are scattered on the affected plant parts, both
stem rust and leaf rust are a possibility and additional
characteristics must be considered. Leaf rust typically
causes small, round lesions on the leaf blades and leaf
sheaths. In comparison, stem rust causes oval or elongated
lesions and is capable of infecting nearly all aboveground
parts of the plant, most notably the true stems (Figure 2).

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13. CONTROL OF RUST DISEASE
FAIDURAHMAN KALATHINGAL
CONTROLS:
 Remove all the infected part and destroy them.
 Clean away all the debris between plants to prevent
spreading.
 Avoid splashing water on the leaves.
 Seed fertilizer treatment.
PREVENTION:
 Dust plant with sulphur early in the season.
 Space your plant for good aeration.
 Avoid wetting the leaves when watering plants.
 There are many fungicides also.

14. FAIDURAHMAN KALATHINGAL