The document discusses the need for developing rural energy systems in India. It makes three key points: 1) Natural and renewable energy resources are highly distributed across locations in quantity and quality, making single large plants an irrational solution. Pico-sized distributed energy is a better approach. 2) Many remote villages in India currently lack access to electricity and reliable energy, which can cause social problems. 3) Centralized fossil fuel plants have a large environmental impact by contributing to climate change and requiring large amounts of land, affecting ecosystems. Distributed renewable resources are more sustainable.

1. Need for Development of Rural Energy Systems
P M V Subbarao
Professor
Mechanical Engineering Department
An Ideal solution to a Three Dimensional
Problem

2. Why Pico?
A Scientific Three dimensional Problem Statement.

3. Gram Swaraj : A pivotal concept in Mahatama
Gandhi's thinking
• The fundamental concept of Gram swaraj is that every
village should be its own republic,
• "independent of its neighbours for its own vital wants and
yet interdependent for many others in which dependence is
necessary," according to Gandhi, writing in 1942.
• Each Pico village Energy should be Systems basically self-are reliant, also making
the
provision Requirement for all necessities of of Gram life - food, Swaraj……
clothing, clean
water, sanitation, housing, education and so on ….

4. The First Dimension : Highly Distributed Resources
• The natural and renewable resources are distributed:
• In quantity and quality.
• One single big plant is not holistically viable.
• Pico size is a true solution to this dimension.

5. The Second Dimension : Irrational Service by
Central Big Units
• May remote villages without electricity/energy appliances.
• Unreliable supply to inner towns and villages.
• Dangerous social problems: Non-cooperation of remote
population to peace of Nation !!?!?!?!

6. Third Dimension: Irrational Energy Service by
Central Big Fossil Units & Impact on Environment.

7. Irrational Energy Service by Central Big Fossil Units
: On Nature
• Fossil energy systems demand big central units.
• Strong influence on Climate.
• 200 years fossil energy culture changed the few million
years old climate cycle.

8. Globally, the power sector is responsible for more than two‐fifths
(41%) of total energy‐related CO2 emissions. In 2007

9. Irrational Energy Service by Central Big Fossil Units
: Among Humans
• Many remote villages without electricity/energy
appliances.
• Unreliable supply to inner towns and villages.
• Dangerous social problems: Non-cooperation of remote
population to peace of Nation !!?!?!?!

10. Countries with large population without access to electricity

11. Number of Un-electrified Villages
Sl. No. State No. of un-electrified
villages as on
31-3-2006
Villages
Electrified
during 2006-07
Balance un-electrified
villages
1. Uttar Pradesh 31,063 16,620 14,443
2. Orissa 21,294 0 21,294
3. Jharkhand 20,431 0 20,431
4. Bihar 18,405 8,415 9,990
5. Rajasthan 13,908 765 13,143
6. Maharashtra 5,554 0 5,554
7. Assam 5,464 0 5,464
8. West Bengal 5,084 2,108 2,976

12. Number of Un-electrified Households
Sl. No. State No. of un-electrified
households (in
lakhs)
% of un-electrified
Households
1. Bihar 120 94.57
2. Jharkhand 34 90.01
3. Assam 35 83.46
4. Orissa 54.7 80.65
5. Uttar Pradesh 165 80.16
6. West Bengal 88.9 79.73
7. Meghalaya 2.2 69.74
8. Tripura 3.68 68.25
9. Rajasthan 40.06 55.98
10. Mizoram 0.44 55.86
11. Arunachal Pradesh 0.91 55.47
12. Chattisgarh 18.1 53.89
Total 562.99

13. Countries with the largest population relying on
traditional use of biomass for cooking, 2010

14. Globally, the power sector is responsible for more than two‐fifths
(41%) of total energy‐related CO2 emissions. In 2007

15. Impact of Large Solar Units on Environment
• Manufacturing the photovoltaic cells to produces that
energy requires silicon and produce some waste products.
• Inappropriate handling of these materials may lead to
hazardous exposure to humans and the environment.
• Installing solar power plants may require large piece of
land, which may impact existing ecosystems.
• The clearing and use of large areas of land for solar power
facilities can adversely affect native vegetation and
wildlife in many ways, including loss of habitat;
interference with rainfall and drainage; or direct contact
causing injury or death.
• The impacts are exacerbated when the species affected are
classified as sensitive, rare, or threatened and endangered.

16. Human W/O Energy?