This document provides an overview of various risk analysis concepts and financial metrics used to evaluate risk. It discusses red flags analysis, risk methodology for manufacturing companies, ratio analysis, DuPont analysis, important credit ratios, currency and capital account convertibility, working capital, drawing power, and the London Committee on working capital. The key topics covered include identifying business, financial, governance, and accounting risks; evaluating industry, business, financial, and management risks; and analyzing ratios related to profitability, leverage, liquidity, and operating performance.
Capital Adequacy Standards and Bank Capitalcatelong
For banks these questions are answered:
*What is capital, what role does it play?
*How is capital measured?
*How much capital is desirable?
*How does capital influence bank behaviour?
Presented at the Enhancing Risk Management and Governance in the Region’s Banking System to Implement Basel, II and to Meet Contemporary Risks and Challenges Arising from the Global Banking System, APEC, 8th December - 12th December, 2008
Capital Adequacy Stress Tests: Pre-Provision Net Revenue and Scenario DesignCRISIL Limited
CRISIL Global Research & Analytics (GR&A) conducted a web-conference on March 26, 2014 on Capital Adequacy Stress Testing. The web-conference, attended by risk and stress testing practitioners from around the world, focused on why banks need risk models with greater integration across projections. It threw light on how Pre-Provision Net Revenue (PPNR) modelling specifically has assumed critical importance since the original stress tests by the US Federal Reserve following the 2008 economic crisis.
Capital Adequacy Standards and Bank Capitalcatelong
For banks these questions are answered:
*What is capital, what role does it play?
*How is capital measured?
*How much capital is desirable?
*How does capital influence bank behaviour?
Presented at the Enhancing Risk Management and Governance in the Region’s Banking System to Implement Basel, II and to Meet Contemporary Risks and Challenges Arising from the Global Banking System, APEC, 8th December - 12th December, 2008
Capital Adequacy Stress Tests: Pre-Provision Net Revenue and Scenario DesignCRISIL Limited
CRISIL Global Research & Analytics (GR&A) conducted a web-conference on March 26, 2014 on Capital Adequacy Stress Testing. The web-conference, attended by risk and stress testing practitioners from around the world, focused on why banks need risk models with greater integration across projections. It threw light on how Pre-Provision Net Revenue (PPNR) modelling specifically has assumed critical importance since the original stress tests by the US Federal Reserve following the 2008 economic crisis.
Liquidity Risk is normally a crucial issue in a banking crisis, however, during the 2007-2010 period, Liquidity has not been as difficult for us as we may have thought. There are many reasons for this, but number one is the fact that today’s community bankers simply have a better understanding of the various techniques for raising both retail deposits and wholesale funds. What does make this crisis a bit different is the relative pricing efficiencies in the wholesale or non-core funding arena these days and our session will focus on how bankers can avoid those difficult examiner discussions about the use of FHLB Advances and Brokered Deposits. It’s all about process and we will provide guidance on what needs to be in your ALCO Policy as it relates to wholesale funding. We will also explore the April 2010 Liquidity and Funds Management Guidance to ensure your bank is up to speed on those requirements. Finally, we will provide specific guidance on both Ratio Analysis and creating your Contingency Funding Plan and will review a sample CFP.
Liquidity Risk Management: Comparative analysis on Indian and ASEAN bankspeterkapanee
Risk in the banking sector in simple terms means unpredictability, these risks are uncertainties which may result in adverse outcome in relation to planned objective or expectations of the financial institutions. In the financial world, risk can be defined as “any event or possibility of an event which can impair corporate earnings or cash flow over short, medium or long-term horizon” .
This deck explains how banks and credit unions calculate the FAS 5 or pooled loans part of the reserve under the incurred loss model. The session defines available methodologies, explains some of the pros and cons of each and helps bankers plan for that part of the allowance for loan and lease losses. (ALLL)
To see how your bank or credit union can comply with FAS 5 regulations, watch a video of Sageworks ALLL http://web.sageworks.com/alll/
Liquidity Risk is normally a crucial issue in a banking crisis, however, during the 2007-2010 period, Liquidity has not been as difficult for us as we may have thought. There are many reasons for this, but number one is the fact that today’s community bankers simply have a better understanding of the various techniques for raising both retail deposits and wholesale funds. What does make this crisis a bit different is the relative pricing efficiencies in the wholesale or non-core funding arena these days and our session will focus on how bankers can avoid those difficult examiner discussions about the use of FHLB Advances and Brokered Deposits. It’s all about process and we will provide guidance on what needs to be in your ALCO Policy as it relates to wholesale funding. We will also explore the April 2010 Liquidity and Funds Management Guidance to ensure your bank is up to speed on those requirements. Finally, we will provide specific guidance on both Ratio Analysis and creating your Contingency Funding Plan and will review a sample CFP.
Liquidity Risk Management: Comparative analysis on Indian and ASEAN bankspeterkapanee
Risk in the banking sector in simple terms means unpredictability, these risks are uncertainties which may result in adverse outcome in relation to planned objective or expectations of the financial institutions. In the financial world, risk can be defined as “any event or possibility of an event which can impair corporate earnings or cash flow over short, medium or long-term horizon” .
This deck explains how banks and credit unions calculate the FAS 5 or pooled loans part of the reserve under the incurred loss model. The session defines available methodologies, explains some of the pros and cons of each and helps bankers plan for that part of the allowance for loan and lease losses. (ALLL)
To see how your bank or credit union can comply with FAS 5 regulations, watch a video of Sageworks ALLL http://web.sageworks.com/alll/
credit rating.
factors for successful credit rating.
examples of credit rating agencies ... etc.
exclusively for students pursuing company secretary course.
What is this Project’s Objective This project is designe.docxalanfhall8953
What is this Project’s Objective?
This project is designed to improve your ability to analyze a particular bank's performance. The
emphasis should be to explore your bank from a regulator’s point of view. In that respect you
should address the six CAMELS components and try to identify any "red flags" that could indicate
potential problems in your bank. The Excel file under the name of “Bank Financial Analysis”
should be used to capture the financial data for your bank and to show the associated financial
ratios. You should be able to find all your data in your bank’s Uniform Bank Performance Report
(UBPR) which is available at www.ffiec.gov. Your written report should be no less than 5 pages
long (typed, double-spaced) not including the Excel worksheet. The six CAMELS components
are: Capital adequacy; Asset quality; Management quality; Earnings record; Liquidity position;
and Sensitivity to market risk. Following is a more detailed listing of the items that you need to
address:
A. Liquidity
Consider your bank’s Uniform Bank Performance Report (UBPR) and provide an overview of your
bank’s liquidity by reviewing the following areas:
1. Liquidity and Funding Ratios especially the Net Non-Core Funding Dependence
and Loan to Assets Ratios – The first ratio measures the degree to which the bank is
funding longer-term assets (loans, securities that mature in more than one year, etc.) with
non-core funding. Non-core funding includes funding that can be very sensitive to
changes in interest rates such as brokered deposits, CDs greater than $100,000, and
borrowed money. Higher ratios reflect a reliance on funding sources that may not be
available in times of financial stress or adverse changes in market conditions. What are
the trends in these ratios? How do they compare to the peer?
2. The availability of liquid assets readily convertible to cash without undue loss-
Consider Federal funds sold, available for sale securities, loans for sale, etc.
3. Core deposit/asset growth - Are core deposits capable of funding anticipated asset
growth?
4. Diversification of funding sources - A bank with strong liquidity has a strong core
deposit base, established borrowings lines, and procedures in place for acquiring
internet-based or other forms of emergency borrowing.
5. External Forces - Economic conditions, competition, marketing efforts, etc. have a
material impact on the need for liquidity going forward.
You should also take a look at your textbook’s continuing case assignment for chapter 11 which
discusses various bank liquidity indicators.
B. Sensitivity to Market Risk
Sensitivity to Market Risk - refers to the risk that changes in market conditions could adversely
impact earnings and/or capital. Market Risk encompasses exposures associated with changes in
interest rates, foreign exchange rates, commodity prices, equity prices, etc. While all of these
items are important, the primary risk in most b.
Patrick Waggoner and Mitchell Harrison, of the U.S. Economic Development Administration, provided this presentation on the impact of revolving loan funds during Create, Challenge, Change: Economic Development Conference for the Denver Region in August 2016.
1. INDEX
1. RED FLAGS
2. RISK
3. RATIO ANALYSIS
4. ACCOUNTING PERIOD
5. DU PONT ANAYSIS
6. DEFERRED TAX
7. CREDIT RATING
8. IMPORTANT KEY RATIOS
9. CURRENCY CONVETIBILITY
10. CURRENT ACCOUNT CONVERTIBILITY
11. CAPITAL ACCOUNT CONVERTIBILITY
12. WORKING CAPITALTONDON COMMITTEE
2. RED FLAGS
Red Flags analysis comprises credit,
debt etc
SEBI has introduced RED FLAGS
Red Flags are identified into 4
category:
1. Business & Management
2. Corporate governance risk
3. Accounting risk
4. Financial risk
3. Business & management risk:
• Promoters & key mngt. Their
personal track records
• Aggressive growth policy
• Complicated business structure
• High customer concentration
Financial Risk:
•Quality of CF generation/earning ratio
•Difference in w.c
•Large amt of cash lying idle.
•Sales generation on capital employed
•Change in cash sales
•Intangible asset as part of total asset.
Corporate governance Risk:
•Concentration of promoters holding
•Quality of board & their independence
•T/O of senior mngt.
•Mngt. Compensation package
4. Risk Methodology for Mfg co.
Credit analysis of an entity begins with a review of the Economy/Industry in
which the entity operates along with an assessment of the business risk factors
specific to the entity.
1. Economy & Industry Risk:
The economic/industry environment is assessed to determine the degree of
operating risk faced by the entity in a given business.
(key ingredients of industry risk.)
Investment plans of the major players in the industry,
demand-supply factors,
price trends,
changes in technology,
international/domestic competitive factors in the industry,
entry barriers,
capital intensity,
business cycles etc
5. 2. Business Risk Analysis:
Few parameters involved in assessing business risk:
• Diversification
• Size
• Seasonality & cyclicality
• Cost structure
• Market share
3. Financial Risk Analysis:
Financial risk analysis involves evaluation of past and expected future
financial performance with emphasis on assessment of adequacy of cash
flows towards debt servicing.
•Cash Flows
•Financial Ratios
•Financial flexibility
•Validations of projects & sensitivity analysis
4. Management Evaluations.
6. Project Risk
It is any factor that may potentially interfere with
successful completion of the project.
It is not an problem but recognition that a problem
may occur.
Types:
1. Expansion
2. Debottlenecking
3. Backward/Forward integration
4. Diversification
7. Leverage Buyouts
In LBO the acquirer anticipates that loans can be
quickly repaid through the disposal of non-core
assets that the target holds.
Risks involved:
Carry out the sale of non core asset or value is lower then previous
anticipation.
Considering the country’s regulatory, social & law and other
situations which can be unfavorable.
8. RISK
Risk evaluation & Fundamentals of
credit risk assessment
Risk assessment broadly involves two
steps:
Identification
of Risk
Risk Mitigation
9. Industry Risk
Tools to evaluate:
Poter’s 5 forces.
Herfindahl Hirschman Index.
N-Firm concentration.
10. Ratio Analysis
It is an Quantitative Tool use to
interpret the Financial statement in
terms of operating performance &
Financial position of the firm.
• Efficiency ratio
• Profitability ratio
Operating
performance ratio
• Liquidity ratio
• Leveraged ratio
Risk Analysis
11. VALUATION RATIO:
•P/E ratio
•Earning-growth ratio
•Price to book ratio
•Price to sales ratio
•Enterprise value (EBITDA )
•Price to cash ratio
Ratio from credit point of view:
•Interest coverage ratio
•Debt service coverage ratio
•Current ratio
•Quick ratio
•Debt-Equity ratio
•Overall gearing ratio
14. Important Key Ratios
-Banking point of view..
Net Interest Income
Net Interest margin
Capital Gearing Ratio
Tier 1 CAR
Credit/Deposit ratio
ROTA
RONW
Gross Advance
Net NPA
Net NPA to Tangible net worth
Cost to Income Ratio
CASA Proportion
Yield on Advances
Cost of Deposit
Core Spread
Gross NPA
For comparison:
•Current Ratio
•Debt-Equity Ratio
•Asset T/O Ratio
•Return on capital employed
•Inventory T/O Ratio
15. Credit Rating
C.R are independent opinion about relative
credit risk.
C.R are not investment advise or buy hold
or sell recommendations.
Rating Scale
Long term Short Term
Investment Grid
Non-Investment Grid
17. Sovereign Rating
Assessment of sovereign creditworthiness i.e.
sovereign’s capacity & willingness to honor its
exiting & prospective debt obligation in timely
manner.
Rating is evaluated on the basis of
score arrived on parameters below: Political
External
finance
Macro-
economic
Fiscal
sustainability
18. Currency Convertibility
Freedom to convert domestic currency into
international expected currency & v/v.
Current account convertibility
Freedom in respect of payment & transfer for
current international transfer
19. Capital account convertibility
Freedom of currency conversion in relation to
capital transfer in term of inflows & outflows.
CAC in India
FULL CAC
20. WORKING CAPITAL
1. w.c cycle = (CA-CL)*365 / net revenue
2. Net w.c = (CA – excess cash) – CL
Methods of w.c :
1. Operating cycle = debtors + stock - creditors
2. Cash conv. Cycle = cash + cash + cash
inventory receivables payables
21. Drawing power
Drawing Power is the amount of Working Capital funds the
borrower is allowed to draw from the Working Capital limit
allotted to him.
Concept of drawing power is generally applicable on CC
accounts.
It is calculated by considering the total value of paid stock
(Paid stock=Stock fewer Creditors) + book debts (not more
than 90 days old) & deducting margin from the same
22. An committee appointed by RBI for advising
to FIX MPBF for borrower.
Developed in 1975
Recommended 3 methods.
1. Borrower’s to buy 25% of net w.c
2. Borrower’s to buy 25% of c.a
3. Borrower’s to buy 25% of core c.a
23. In 1993, committee recommended
fixation of credit limits of small entities
on the basis of projected turnover i.e.
w.c limits up to 25% of projected
turnover.