Aneurisma de arteria cerebral comunicante anterior.
Hola!, Soy la DraCarmenYanque , Médico cirujano con especialidad en Neurocirugía. Mis estudios de pre grado y post-grado fueron realizados en la Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, residentado en el Hospital Regional Honorio Delgado Espinoza de Arequipa, además tengo rotaciones en diferentes Hospitales de la capital (Hospital Daniel Alcides Carrión del Callao, Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño de Breña) y Brasil (Hospital de Sao Paulo, UNIFESP).
Esta página web es para compartir información de la Medicina en General y Neurocirugía, que es el área que mas me apasiona. Asimismo puedo ayudarte si tienes alguna consulta médica, contáctame y te cuento como podemos agendar una cita presencial en Arequipa o Moquegua o virtualmente en todo LATAM.
Mi Whatsapp: +51 973961012
Hemorrhage is the leading cause of preventable death following trauma. Non-compressible hemorrhage is of particular concern as these patients require emergent intervention and many will die prior to anatomic hemostasis. For years, left anterior thoracotomy, the “ED thoracotomy”, was the standard of care for temporary proximal aortic occlusion, but survival remained dismal. Endoluminal aortic occlusion which was actually first described in the 1950s. With the increasing use of endovascular therapies for a wide variety of vascular disease, the “REBOA” (Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta) began to be reported for use for ruptured abdominal aneurysms in the 2000s. Since that time, interest in its use in trauma has been increasing with a variety of basic science studies and early clinical series and case reports documenting potential benefits. Although no large randomized trials, or even large observational studies, are available, use of the REBOA is considered standard of care in many centers. Typically the REBOA is placed via the femoral artery either percutaneously or via a cut down and the aorta is occluded with a balloon placed over a wire by standard Seldinger-type technique. The balloon can be placed in “zone 1” just above the diaphragm to provide occlusion to the abdominal viscera and pelvic vasculature or in “zone 3” at the aortic bifurcation to provide inflow control to the pelvis and lower extremities. Injuries are then addressed and the balloon is carefully deflated taking care to avoid metabolic collapse from reperfusion. One main limitation of this technique is that the currently approved device in the United States requires a 12F sheath which requires an open femoral artery repair which obvious can be associated with significant complications. There are a huge number of unanswered questions about the use of REBOA in 2015:
1. Who are the appropriate patients in whom use may be beneficial?
2. How long can a balloon be inflated and the aorta be occluded before irreversible ischemic damage to the viscera occurs?
3. How long can the aorta be occluded before the metabolic consequences of reperfusion are lethal?
4. What is the effect on cerebral and cardiac perfusion when a REBOA is placed and afterload is acutely increased? Is it favorable or “too much”?
5. Who are the appropriate providers to place a REBOA? Only surgeons? Emergency Medicine physicians? Medics in the field?
6. How do we best train providers to place the REBOA?
7. How to we assure competency of providers?
8. Will lower profile devices make the technique more accessible and be associated with fewer complications?
Central venous catheters (CVCs) are commonly used in critically ill children for medication administration, monitoring, and other purposes. The document discusses CVC insertion techniques and sites, including the internal jugular, subclavian, and femoral veins. Proper insertion involves strict sterility, ultrasound guidance when possible, local anesthesia, and confirming proper placement to avoid complications like bleeding, infection, and accidental arterial puncture.
Workshop of Low Cardiac Output Management, 2018Isman Firdaus
Low cardiac output or shock or circulatory failure was the terminal state of any disease including cardiovascular problem. It is consist distributive, volume, obstructive and cardiogenic circulatory failure leading multi organ failure and mortality. Hemodynamic monitoring is important evaluation to guide the medication and treatment.
This document discusses transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) for treating severe aortic stenosis. It summarizes several key trials that demonstrated the safety and effectiveness of TAVI compared to surgical aortic valve replacement. The PARTNER trials showed TAVI to be non-inferior to surgery in reducing mortality, while being associated with lower risks of bleeding, stroke, and repeat hospitalization. Subsequent trials like the CoreValve US Pivotal Trial and CHOICE trial reinforced TAVI as a standard treatment for high-risk surgical patients with aortic stenosis.
Donante renal fallecido, tecnica de explante renal, cirugia de banco, perfusion y preservacion renal, trasplante renal (anastomosis vascular y ureteroneocistostomia), nefrectomia pretrasplante y del injerto, trasplante dual y retrasplante
Summary of landmark CTO clinical trials and highlights from registries AhmedElBorae1
This document summarizes information from registries and trials on coronary chronic total occlusions (CTO). It discusses CTO lesion analysis scores, access choices, success rates and complications. It reviews several randomized controlled trials comparing CTO percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) to medical therapy that had modest sample sizes and open-label designs. It also discusses observational data from large registries on temporal trends in CTO PCI procedures, techniques, success rates and complications. The key takeaway message is that adoption of modern CTO techniques has led to increased success rates with lower complications, and RCTs showed improved quality of life while observational data suggests successful CTO revascularization may improve long-term prognosis.
Presentación de "Procedimiento Valve-in-Valve" por el Dr. Bruno García en el webinar Diálogos en la Red "Fronteras de la TAVI: Cuando la experiencia complementa a la evidencia". Organizado por EpicLearning
This document provides information about trans-esophageal echocardiography (TEE). It discusses the basics of ultrasound and how TEE forms images. The history and modern development of TEE is reviewed. Key advantages of TEE include its close proximity to the heart and ability to provide high-resolution images of posterior cardiac structures. Potential disadvantages and complications are also outlined. Standard imaging planes, views, and procedures for a TEE exam are described in detail.
Aneurisma de arteria cerebral comunicante anterior.
Hola!, Soy la DraCarmenYanque , Médico cirujano con especialidad en Neurocirugía. Mis estudios de pre grado y post-grado fueron realizados en la Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, residentado en el Hospital Regional Honorio Delgado Espinoza de Arequipa, además tengo rotaciones en diferentes Hospitales de la capital (Hospital Daniel Alcides Carrión del Callao, Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño de Breña) y Brasil (Hospital de Sao Paulo, UNIFESP).
Esta página web es para compartir información de la Medicina en General y Neurocirugía, que es el área que mas me apasiona. Asimismo puedo ayudarte si tienes alguna consulta médica, contáctame y te cuento como podemos agendar una cita presencial en Arequipa o Moquegua o virtualmente en todo LATAM.
Mi Whatsapp: +51 973961012
Hemorrhage is the leading cause of preventable death following trauma. Non-compressible hemorrhage is of particular concern as these patients require emergent intervention and many will die prior to anatomic hemostasis. For years, left anterior thoracotomy, the “ED thoracotomy”, was the standard of care for temporary proximal aortic occlusion, but survival remained dismal. Endoluminal aortic occlusion which was actually first described in the 1950s. With the increasing use of endovascular therapies for a wide variety of vascular disease, the “REBOA” (Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta) began to be reported for use for ruptured abdominal aneurysms in the 2000s. Since that time, interest in its use in trauma has been increasing with a variety of basic science studies and early clinical series and case reports documenting potential benefits. Although no large randomized trials, or even large observational studies, are available, use of the REBOA is considered standard of care in many centers. Typically the REBOA is placed via the femoral artery either percutaneously or via a cut down and the aorta is occluded with a balloon placed over a wire by standard Seldinger-type technique. The balloon can be placed in “zone 1” just above the diaphragm to provide occlusion to the abdominal viscera and pelvic vasculature or in “zone 3” at the aortic bifurcation to provide inflow control to the pelvis and lower extremities. Injuries are then addressed and the balloon is carefully deflated taking care to avoid metabolic collapse from reperfusion. One main limitation of this technique is that the currently approved device in the United States requires a 12F sheath which requires an open femoral artery repair which obvious can be associated with significant complications. There are a huge number of unanswered questions about the use of REBOA in 2015:
1. Who are the appropriate patients in whom use may be beneficial?
2. How long can a balloon be inflated and the aorta be occluded before irreversible ischemic damage to the viscera occurs?
3. How long can the aorta be occluded before the metabolic consequences of reperfusion are lethal?
4. What is the effect on cerebral and cardiac perfusion when a REBOA is placed and afterload is acutely increased? Is it favorable or “too much”?
5. Who are the appropriate providers to place a REBOA? Only surgeons? Emergency Medicine physicians? Medics in the field?
6. How do we best train providers to place the REBOA?
7. How to we assure competency of providers?
8. Will lower profile devices make the technique more accessible and be associated with fewer complications?
Central venous catheters (CVCs) are commonly used in critically ill children for medication administration, monitoring, and other purposes. The document discusses CVC insertion techniques and sites, including the internal jugular, subclavian, and femoral veins. Proper insertion involves strict sterility, ultrasound guidance when possible, local anesthesia, and confirming proper placement to avoid complications like bleeding, infection, and accidental arterial puncture.
Workshop of Low Cardiac Output Management, 2018Isman Firdaus
Low cardiac output or shock or circulatory failure was the terminal state of any disease including cardiovascular problem. It is consist distributive, volume, obstructive and cardiogenic circulatory failure leading multi organ failure and mortality. Hemodynamic monitoring is important evaluation to guide the medication and treatment.
This document discusses transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) for treating severe aortic stenosis. It summarizes several key trials that demonstrated the safety and effectiveness of TAVI compared to surgical aortic valve replacement. The PARTNER trials showed TAVI to be non-inferior to surgery in reducing mortality, while being associated with lower risks of bleeding, stroke, and repeat hospitalization. Subsequent trials like the CoreValve US Pivotal Trial and CHOICE trial reinforced TAVI as a standard treatment for high-risk surgical patients with aortic stenosis.
Donante renal fallecido, tecnica de explante renal, cirugia de banco, perfusion y preservacion renal, trasplante renal (anastomosis vascular y ureteroneocistostomia), nefrectomia pretrasplante y del injerto, trasplante dual y retrasplante
Summary of landmark CTO clinical trials and highlights from registries AhmedElBorae1
This document summarizes information from registries and trials on coronary chronic total occlusions (CTO). It discusses CTO lesion analysis scores, access choices, success rates and complications. It reviews several randomized controlled trials comparing CTO percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) to medical therapy that had modest sample sizes and open-label designs. It also discusses observational data from large registries on temporal trends in CTO PCI procedures, techniques, success rates and complications. The key takeaway message is that adoption of modern CTO techniques has led to increased success rates with lower complications, and RCTs showed improved quality of life while observational data suggests successful CTO revascularization may improve long-term prognosis.
Presentación de "Procedimiento Valve-in-Valve" por el Dr. Bruno García en el webinar Diálogos en la Red "Fronteras de la TAVI: Cuando la experiencia complementa a la evidencia". Organizado por EpicLearning
This document provides information about trans-esophageal echocardiography (TEE). It discusses the basics of ultrasound and how TEE forms images. The history and modern development of TEE is reviewed. Key advantages of TEE include its close proximity to the heart and ability to provide high-resolution images of posterior cardiac structures. Potential disadvantages and complications are also outlined. Standard imaging planes, views, and procedures for a TEE exam are described in detail.
La mia esperienza innovativa è... la perfusione degli organiNetwork Trapianti
This document discusses organ perfusion and its role in assessing donor risk. Organ perfusion allows for an objective evaluation of organ function and can stratify donors into different risk levels. It also suggests that organ perfusion prior to transplantation through techniques like ex-vivo lung perfusion may help condition high-risk donor lungs and achieve outcomes similar to lower risk donors. The document advocates expanding assessment criteria during organ perfusion to better classify donor risk.
This document discusses organ procurement from cadaveric donors. It describes the coordination between donor and recipient activities, including matching organs to recipients based on factors like blood type, medical urgency, and waiting time. The evaluation of donor organs is outlined for different organs. Careful donor management aims to optimize organs while respecting donor dignity.
Organ transplant involves surgically removing an organ or tissue from one person (donor) and placing it in another person (recipient). Common transplanted organs include the heart, kidneys, liver, lungs, and pancreas. Countries have systems to manage organ allocation and reduce transplant rejection. The Philippines first performed transplants in 1990 and now has transplant programs, though demand still exceeds available organs. Ethical debates surround issues like living donation, organ markets, and accusations of forced donation from non-consenting groups.
La privazione di un rene da vivente di per sé non è sufficiente a causare la malattia renale cronica del donatore; un accurata selezione nefrologica del candidato consente oggi di considerare il trapianto da donatore vivente una valida possibilità terapeutica.
This document discusses ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP). It begins by outlining the three main aims of organ perfusion: preservation, evaluation, and reconditioning. It then discusses how EVLP allows for active metabolism during preservation as opposed to cold static preservation, and facilitates evaluation of marginal donor lungs. EVLP has been shown to increase the rate of lung transplants by allowing for use of lungs that were initially rejected or came from donation after cardiac death donors. The document concludes by discussing the potential indications and benefits of EVLP.
Valutazione clinica del donatore e linee guida nazionali per la sicurezza deg...
Organizzazione e aspetti chirurgici del prelievo da donatore a cuore battente
1. Prof. Massimo Rossi
Corso T P M – Imola 2014Corso T P M – Imola 2014
ORGANIZZAZIONE E ASPETTI
CHIRURGICI DEL
PRELIEVO DA DONATORE
A CUORE BATTENTE
18-21 novembre 2014
35° CORSO NAZIONALE PER
COORDINATORI
ALLA DONAZIONE E AL PRELIEVO
DI ORGANI E TESSUTI
TRANSPLANT PROCUREMENT
MANAGEMENT
2. Il prelievo di organi a cuore battente è il risultato
dell’attività integrata di numerose figure
professionali e costituisce lo sforzo
organizzativo maggiore per i Coordinatori Locali
alla Donazione ed ai Trapianti di Organi
Organizzazione del prelievo di
organi da donatore a cuore battente
3. Organizzazione del prelievo
Fissare l’ora del prelievo
Verificare l’organizzazione della S.O.
Coordinare i rapporti tra S.O. e Rianimazione
Conoscere le necessità delle équipes chirurgiche
di prelievo
Coordinare le differenti équipes di prelievo
Interfacciare le équipes di prelievo con la Rianimazione ed il
personale infermieristico della S.O.
Verificare gli adempimenti normativi previsti dalla legge
Organizzazione del prelievo
Fissare l’ora del prelievo
Verificare l’organizzazione della S.O.
Coordinare i rapporti tra S.O. e Rianimazione
Conoscere le necessità delle équipes chirurgiche
di prelievo
Coordinare le differenti équipes di prelievo
Interfacciare le équipes di prelievo con la Rianimazione ed il
personale infermieristico della S.O.
Verificare gli adempimenti normativi previsti dalla legge
Organizzazione del prelievo di
organi da donatore a cuore battente
4. Rappresenta un
Intervento di chirurgia generale maggiore
durante il quale è fondamentale la
COLLABORAZIONE tra chirurgo, anestesista
e personale di sala operatoria
Organizzazione del prelievo di
organi da donatore a cuore battente
5. Organi
Cuore
Polmoni
Blocco cuore-polmoni
Fegato
Split liver
Reni
Pancreas
Blocco fegato-pancreas
Blocco fegato-pancreas-reni
Intestino isolato
Blocco fegato-pancreas-intestino
Organi
Cuore
Polmoni
Blocco cuore-polmoni
Fegato
Split liver
Reni
Pancreas
Blocco fegato-pancreas
Blocco fegato-pancreas-reni
Intestino isolato
Blocco fegato-pancreas-intestino
Organizzazione del prelievo di
organi da donatore a cuore battente
6. Organizzazione del prelievo di
organi da donatore a cuore battente
L’operazione originale per il prelievo,
studiata per il semplice prelievo dei reni,
è stata modificata gradualmente per
permettere il prelievo simultaneo di
cuore, polmoni, fegato, pancreas,
intestino e reni da un singolo donatore
richiedendo una stretta cooperazione tra
differenti equipe chirurgiche
7. Prelievo di
organi da donatore a cuore battente
•Intervento di notte
•Donatore potenzialmente instabile sul
piano emodinamico
• Mobilizzazione prudente
• Trasporto con monitoraggio cardiaco-
circolatorio ed in presenza del rianimatore
8.
9. Prelievo di
organi da donatore a cuore battente
•Organizzazione della sala operatoria
ferri per laparotomia
per la sternotomia
clamp vascolari
retrattori
sternotomo a batteria
aspiratori funzionanti
bisturi elettrico
•Presenza dello strumentista al tavolo
• Ciascuna equipe verifica la presenza degli
strumenti specifici necessari
sistema di incannulazione e perfusione
ghiaccio sterile tritato
materiale per la conservazione ed il
trasporto degli organi
12. Donatore in
posizione supina.
Preparazione del
campo sterile.
Esposizione di
collo torace e
addome.
Servono retrattori
toracici e
addominali.
Prelievo di
organi da donatore a cuore battente
14. Valutazione del rischio al tavolo operatorioValutazione del rischio al tavolo operatorio
Accertamenti di tutti i sospetti, o elevati rischi, di malattie trasmissibili
rilevati nelle fasi precedenti
Ispezione e palpazione degli organi toracici (compresa l’esplorazione
e le palpazione delle principali stazioni linfonodali profonde)
Ispezione e palpazione degli organi addominali (compresa quella dei reni
previa apertura e rimozione della capsula del Gerota e del grasso pararenale
ed ispezione della superficie convessa del rene sino al grasso ilare)
Accertamento di tutti i sospetti di malattie trasmissibili rilevati nel corso delle
ispezioni e palpazioni menzionate sopra
LA VALUTAZIONE AL TAVOLO
OPERATORIO
15. Dobbiamo sempre
ispezionare e
palpare gli organi
toracici e
addominali nella
ricerca di: tumori,
trauma e
infiammazione
Prelievo di
organi da donatore a cuore battente
Valutazione del rischio al tavolo operatorio
18. Tecniche di prelievo
Standard:
prevede l’isolamento dei peduncoli
vascolari dei singoli organi
Fast perfusion:
rapido incannulamento e clampaggio
aortico
Tecniche di prelievo
Standard:
prevede l’isolamento dei peduncoli
vascolari dei singoli organi
Fast perfusion:
rapido incannulamento e clampaggio
aortico
Prelievo di
organi da donatore a cuore battente
19. Prepariamo l’aorta
addominale e la vena
cava inferiore dalla
biforcazione fino al livello
dell’arteria mesenterica
superiore.
Le circondiamo con due
lacci ciascuno.
Leghiamo all’origine
l’arteria mesenterica
inferiore.
Prepariamo l’aorta sopra-
celiaca.
Prelievo di
organi da donatore a cuore battente
20. •Volume cardiaco
• Contrazione e cinetica dei
ventricoli
• Dilatazione delle cavità destre e
ipertensione polmonare
•Palpazione lesioni ateromasiche
delle coronarie o presenza di soffi.
Prelievo di
organi da donatore a cuore battente
VALUTAZIONE IDONEITA’ CARDIACA
21. Prelievo di
organi da donatore a cuore battente
•Broncoscopia
• Visione diretta del parenchima
polmonare
• Palpazione con ricerca di
traumi, aderenze e controllo
dell’elasticità polmonare
VALUTAZIONE IDONEITA’ POLMONI
22. Esaminare il pancreas:
• Tumori
• Danno da trauma
• Ematoma
• Infiammazione
• Edema interlobare
• Fibrosi
Prelievo di
organi da donatore a cuore battente
VALUTAZIONE IDONEITA’ PANCREAS
23. Il parenchima epatico
va ispezionato per:
• Tumori
• Trauma
• Qualità ( steatosi,
fibrosi, edema,
cirrosi)
• Aspetto dopo la
perfusione
Prelievo di
organi da donatore a cuore battente
24. STEATOSI* PNF°
<30% lieve 5%
30% - 60% moderata 10-15%
>60% severa >50%
Macrovescicolare/ microvescicolare
Prelievo di
organi da donatore a cuore battente
Steatosi: un problema comune!
30% dei donatori
6-15% autopsie
26. Prelievo di
organi da donatore a cuore battente
L’assegnazione di organi con steatosi moderata
(30-60%) è controversa quando associata ad
altri fattori di rischio: tempo di ischemia
prolungato/età avanzata
27. Quando gli organi
sono stati giudicati
idonei per il
trapianto
informiamo il
centro trapianti ed il
coordinatore.
Prelievo di
organi da donatore a cuore battente
28. Quando il team cardio-toracico è pronto si decide
sull’eparinizzazione del donatore (25.000 IE Eparina per
gli adulti e 300-400 IE Eparina/Kg.
Si cannulano aorta e vena cava inferiore.
Clampaggio aorta
Perfusione
Prelievo di
organi da donatore a cuore battente
29. Prelievo di
organi da donatore a cuore battente
•Costituisce il principio base della conservazione
degli organi
•Diminuzione della temperatura nei tessuti
• Riduce del 95 % il fabbisogno di O2 delle cellule e
adatta il loro metabolismo alla situazione di anossia
•Azione meccanica lavando i vasi dagli elementi figurati e
raffreddando in maniera omogenea i tessuti
•Composizione chimica migliora l’azione dell’ipotermia
prevenendo il danno del freddo sulle cellule.
PERFUSIONE IPOTERMICA
37. •Prelievo in blocco dei reni
•Prelievo separato dei reni
Prelievo di
organi da donatore a cuore battente
38. Dopo aver separato i reni preservarli
separatamente con la soluzione ghiacciata e
riporli negli appositi contenitori.
Prelievo di
organi da donatore a cuore battente
40. SPLIT LIVER Adulto - Pediatrico
Criteri del donatore
< 50 aa di età
< 5 giorni ITU
LFTs < 2 x valori normali
Donatore stabile
macroscopicamente “normale”
Prelievo di
organi da donatore a cuore battente
42. Dissezione ilare e sezione parenchimale nel
donatore prima del clampaggio aortico
Riduzione del tempo di ischemia
Semplificazione nell’identificazione delle strutture
vascolari e biliari
Emostasi della trancia migliore al momento della
rivascolarizzazione
Prelievo di
organi da donatore a cuore battente
Split “in situ”
43.
44.
45. Dissezione ilare e sezione parenchimale durante la
chirurgia di banco
Tempi operatori più brevi
Tempi di ischemia maggiori
Emostasi della trancia più complessa al momento
della rivascolarizzazione
Prelievo di
organi da donatore a cuore battente
Split “ex situ”