Prototype Development of an Integrated Mars Atmosphere and Soil Processing Sy...Michael Interbartolo
NASA multicenter effort to design and build an integrated system for processing representative Martian Atmosphere and Soil. Presented at the Earth & Space 2012 conference in Pasadena CA.
2017 CalAPA Fall Asphalt Pavement Conference presentation: A summary of research conducted by the University of California Pavement Research Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and the University of Southern California on lifecycle impacts of cool pavement strategies in California.
Presented by Todd Bush of Energent Group at The Energy Forum in Houston, Texas (modified from original to remove sensitive data). The purpose of the Haynesville Refrac Study was to determine operators, service companies, and suppliers involved in refracs. 40 initial completions and refracs were examined to understand economics, performance, and products. Most refracs utilized less proppant & showed ROI within 12 months. Production uplift varied across operators & material used.
The Eagle Ford Completion Trends You Need to KnowEnergent Group
Presented by Todd Bush of Energent Group at Texas Eagle Ford Shale EXPO 2014 in Corpus Christi, Texas. A look at the top operators and wells. Who are the top operators drilling and completing? What counties are companies focusing on now? What operator’s are the most efficient? What completion designs and techniques are those companies using?
Proppant Prospects for Industrial Minerals Mike O'Driscoll IMFORMED at SME 2015Mike O'Driscoll
The quest for low cost, clean, and efficient energy sources has assisted the drive for the exploration and development of unconventional oil and gas resources worldwide, especially shale gas and shale oil resources. Advances in hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling technologies has enabled this resource exploitation. Imperative for this industry has been the evolution and development of proppants in hydraulic fracturing – mainly natural silica sand (frac sand), but also ceramic proppants manufactured from kaolin and bauxite. However, the supply of ceramic proppants is limited, especially outside North America, and meeting demand from the existing and anticipated boom in shale gas exploration and development is challenging. There are only certain industrial minerals that can meet ceramic proppant specifications, and their commercial development, until recently, has been somewhat limited. This paper highlights ceramic proppant raw materials, main sources, and supply to the oilfield industry – especially new markets in the Middle East, China, Asia-Pacific, South America – as we enter a new era of resource development which relies heavily on proppant utilisation.
Review of industrial mineral supply chains and their significance to the refractory raw materials sector. Trends and developments in refractory minerals supply. Specific focus on andalusite, bauxite, graphite, and magnesia.
Prototype Development of an Integrated Mars Atmosphere and Soil Processing Sy...Michael Interbartolo
NASA multicenter effort to design and build an integrated system for processing representative Martian Atmosphere and Soil. Presented at the Earth & Space 2012 conference in Pasadena CA.
2017 CalAPA Fall Asphalt Pavement Conference presentation: A summary of research conducted by the University of California Pavement Research Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and the University of Southern California on lifecycle impacts of cool pavement strategies in California.
Presented by Todd Bush of Energent Group at The Energy Forum in Houston, Texas (modified from original to remove sensitive data). The purpose of the Haynesville Refrac Study was to determine operators, service companies, and suppliers involved in refracs. 40 initial completions and refracs were examined to understand economics, performance, and products. Most refracs utilized less proppant & showed ROI within 12 months. Production uplift varied across operators & material used.
The Eagle Ford Completion Trends You Need to KnowEnergent Group
Presented by Todd Bush of Energent Group at Texas Eagle Ford Shale EXPO 2014 in Corpus Christi, Texas. A look at the top operators and wells. Who are the top operators drilling and completing? What counties are companies focusing on now? What operator’s are the most efficient? What completion designs and techniques are those companies using?
Proppant Prospects for Industrial Minerals Mike O'Driscoll IMFORMED at SME 2015Mike O'Driscoll
The quest for low cost, clean, and efficient energy sources has assisted the drive for the exploration and development of unconventional oil and gas resources worldwide, especially shale gas and shale oil resources. Advances in hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling technologies has enabled this resource exploitation. Imperative for this industry has been the evolution and development of proppants in hydraulic fracturing – mainly natural silica sand (frac sand), but also ceramic proppants manufactured from kaolin and bauxite. However, the supply of ceramic proppants is limited, especially outside North America, and meeting demand from the existing and anticipated boom in shale gas exploration and development is challenging. There are only certain industrial minerals that can meet ceramic proppant specifications, and their commercial development, until recently, has been somewhat limited. This paper highlights ceramic proppant raw materials, main sources, and supply to the oilfield industry – especially new markets in the Middle East, China, Asia-Pacific, South America – as we enter a new era of resource development which relies heavily on proppant utilisation.
Review of industrial mineral supply chains and their significance to the refractory raw materials sector. Trends and developments in refractory minerals supply. Specific focus on andalusite, bauxite, graphite, and magnesia.
Financing and Investment: Value Propositions and Refinancing in the Industria...Capstone Headwaters
While the overall secular trends for sand is excellent with sand intensity per well continuing to increase (longer laterals, more sand per foot drilled, closer well spacing), the industry is in survival mode trying deal with the new oil price reality. Sand buyers are requiring more in-basin delivery of product, requiring the sand producers to either take over a good portion of the logistics or partner with specialist transportation and logistics companies. Nevertheless, even after providing more services, the net EBITDA margin for sand producers per ton of sand sold continues to drop, from a high of $30 per ton in 2Q 2014, to the current $15 per ton in 2Q 2015. Market trading valuations also show deflation, with the Total Enterprise Value to EBITDA ratio dropping from 23.5x in 2Q 2104 to 6.2x in 2Q 2015.
This report was presented by Joel Schneyer at the IM 3rd Frac Sand Conference in Minneapolis
Presentation from Jason Wilcox, an investment banker in Dallas. The presentation provides an overview on the current trends for domestic oil and gas sector within Permian Basin in the United States.
Chris Crosby's 2013 Uptime Symposium presentation on the inherent inefficiencies (capital, land, natural resources and more) plaguing many of today's data center designs.
For Most Data Centers, Liquid and Air Cooling Will Not be Mutually ExclusiveUpsite Technologies
A recent report from Technavio indicates that the adoption of liquid-based cooling is high, as it is considered more efficient than air-based cooling. Globally liquid-based cooling is expected to grow at a remarkable rate through 2020, posting a CAGR of almost 16% during the forecast period. So, why is this level of adoption happening? Increasing rack densities lead by high performance computing (HPC) and the quest to improve efficiency are driving an increase in liquid cooling design strategies and deployment. While still relatively sparse, liquid cooling will become more prevalent, but this does not mean the end of air cooling. In this session, we’ll discuss how to implement liquid cooling while maintaining appropriate air-cooling conditions and fully realize efficiency gains. Lastly, we’ll discuss how to get started and get ahead of the market when it comes to improving cooling efficiency.
Learn how Audubon Engineering Solutions executed adaptive and robust techniques to meet and exceed Delta House project expectations, as well as position LLOG Exploration for continued success.
Describes the basic building blocks to high availability, high density datacenter design. My team at Sun specialized in HPC datacenter design, build. We also specialized in what went into that datacenter (compute, storage, network).
Master class presentation on artificial lift screening and selection. Prepared for Praxis' Interactive Technology Workshop on Artificial Lift, Dubai, September 2013.
Industry studies show that mature fields currently account for over 70% of the world’s oil and gas production. Increasing production rates and ultimate recovery in these fields in order to maintain profitable operations, without increasing costs, is a common challenge.
This lecture addresses techniques to extract maximum value from historical production data using quick workflows based on common sense. Extensive in-depth reservoir studies are obviously very valuable, but not all situations require these, particularly in the case of brown fields where the cost of the study may outweigh the benefits of the resulting recommendations.
This lecture presents workflows based on Continuous Improvement/LEAN methodology which are flexible enough to apply to any mature asset for short and long term planning. A well published, low permeability brown oil field was selected to retroactively demonstrate the workflows, as it had an evident workover campaign in late 2010 with subsequent production increase. Using data as of mid-2010, approximately 40 wells were identified as under-performing due to formation damage or water production problems, based on three days of analyses. The actual performance of the field three years later was then revealed along with the actual interventions performed. The selection of wells is compared to the selection suggested by the workflow, and the results of the interventions are shown. The field's projected recovery factor was increased by 5%, representing a gain of 1.4 million barrels of oil.
Similar to Rosetta End of Internship Presentation (20)
2. Introduction
• Born in Midland, Texas
• Lived in Alaska,
Singapore
• Sophomore at University
of Texas at San Antonio
• Mechanical Engineering
major
• HUGE Texans fan
2
4. Overview
• Main Project: Create a database for the recently acquired
Permian play
• Inexperienced with the data compiled
• Field trip to the Permian Basin
• Inventoried production equipment
• Permian Basin capitol inventory
• Attended Weatherford’s artificial lift seminar
• Compiled wellbore diagrams & reviewed daily reports
4
5. Delaware Basin: Permian Prospect
5
• Hour drive west of Midland in Pecos, Texas
• Delaware Basin
• 62 operated producing wells
• 29 non-operated producing wells
• 45,042 net acres
• 69,501 gross acres
Rosetta operated
Non-operated
Legend
7. Database Procedure
• Problem: Permian acquisition data in multiple
sources
• Compiled all wells both op & non op
• Double checked with reserves database
• Identified information that was to be incorporated
• Consolidated data in excel by using various
formulas
• Land • Production
• Geology • Completions
• Drilling • Cost information
7
8. Land & Reservoir Data
• Land
• WI/ NRI
• Section & block
• AFE & API numbers
• Used as references
• Reservoir
• Type curve area
• Reserve category
8
Type Curve Area Map
9. Geology Data
• Bone spring net wet
sands
• Net pay & isopach
• All zones
• Total net wet & net pay
sands
• Recompletion tier
• Well review
3rd BS Upper net pay map
9
10. Drilling Data
• Total depth (TD) & date
• Spud date
• Type of well
• Days drilled
• Casing design
• Mud weight (MW) at TD
10
11. Production Data
• Cumulative oil, water,
gas produced
• 6, 12, 24, 60 months
• Average 30 day
BOPD & MCFD
• Oil & Gas IP
• Artificial lift
• Gas oil ratio (GOR)
11Date
Production(bbl/d)
Annie Oakley 23 1
12. Completions Data
• Top, bottom & total perf
• Number of stages
• Completion type
• Fluid left to recover (LTR)
• Total proppant pumped
12
13. Database Analysis
• Input excel database into Spotfire
• Normalize data
• Spot trends & determine the reason for
outliers
• Cost
• Time
• Production
• By area
• Operator
13
19. 30 Day Avg. BOPD vs. Proppant per Stage
19
• More proppant doesn’t necessarily mean more production
• 70% of wells producing above 250 BOPD pumped XL
downhole
• 35.1% of wells below 250 BOPD pumped XL
20. Permian Basin Field Trip
• First week at Rosetta
Resources
• First experience on oil field
• Steep learning curve on
functionality of equipment
• Purpose: Inventory the
infrastructure of all wells
• Pumping units
• Heater treaters &
separators
• Oil & water storage
tanks
20
22. Capital Inventory Maps
• What is capital inventory?
• First assignment on the job
• Recorded acreage
• Block & section
• Number of wells
• Drilled or proposed
• Horizontal or vertical
22
23. Artificial Lift Course
• Learned each artificial lift type
• How each lift works
• Pros & cons of each
• See various equipment of each lift
• Best parameters for use
23
24. When to Use Each Lift?
Gas-Lift Plunger
Lift
Rod Lift PCP ESP Hydraulic
Jet Pump
Max Depth 18,000 ft 19,000 ft 16,000 ft 8,500 ft 15,000 ft 20,000 ft
Max
Volume
75,000
bpd
200 bpd 6,000 bpd 5,000 bpd 60,000
bpd
35,000
bpd
Max Temp 450 °F 550 ° F 550 ° F 250 ° F 482° F 550 ° F
Corrosion
Handling
Good to
excellent
Excellent Good to
Excellent
Fair Good Excellent
Solids
Handling
Good Fair Fair to
good
Excellent Sand<
40ppm
Good
Fluid
Gravity
(° API)
>15° >15° >8° 8°<API<40° Viscosity<
400cp
>6°
Efficiency N/A N/A 45% to
60%
50% to 75% 35% to
60%
10% to
30% 24
25. Daily Reports
• Learned how to read
daily reports
• Daily & cumulative
cost
• Tangible &
intangible
• Understood daily
process of drilling &
completing wells
• Wellbore diagrams
(WBD)
• Tycoon 1804H
• Lenox 2 2
25
26. Recommendations
• Reevaluate type curve areas
• Fill in non-op completions data
• Include porosity, permeability, & other
subsurface characteristics in database
• Fill in EUR (estimated ultimate recovery) to
assess well’s performance
26
27. Summary & Learnings
• Realized importance of
having data in one location
• 80% of time gathering data
while spent 20% of time
analyzing
• Start with end in mind for
analysis purposes
• Data can be imperfect
• Appreciate the opportunity
as a freshman
27
Only spent 4 months there before moving
Moved a lot growing up, dad in oil business
Great Barrier Reef, Great Wall of China, Vietnam, Thailand
Finished freshman year at UTSA – ME
Me at Texas Bengals playoff game last year
This is our year
Tony Romo just threw another pick
Data from numerous sources to build database
First time in the field seeing all equipment
Captured well locations on acreage maps
Learned about each artificial lifts pros and cons and the parameters for application
Reviewed daily reports to construct WBD
Map of permian play Rosetta acquired
1 hour drive west of midland
Yellow – rosetta operated
Orange – non op
Stats
Total wells, acreage, current total production, legend
Map represents different geologic layers in Permian Basin
Focused on wolfbone shales in delaware basin
Data was in multiple spreadsheets
Captured many types of data that I will detail in next few slides
Type curve areas differentiated on a performance basis –IP, EUR
Category how much certainty and volume of oil recovered from well
WI- percentage of expenses to be paid
NRI- percentage of revenue to be received
Reserve category- proved, probable, possible. P90, P50, P10
Isopach – thickness of net pay or gross interval
Tier- WI, net pay, debris flows, among other geologic factors
Isopach- Thickness of each zone?
Recompletion tier- Ranking of wells for possible recompletion based on the amount of wet sands, WI, debris flows, net pay among other subsurface geologic characteristics.
3 string- 3 progressively smaller diameters of casing while 2 string is just 2
Daily production graph for Annie Oakley 23 1, notice the constant Variability of graph
Slugging – lots of gas enters wellbore and “burps” oil to surface
Flush production after SI – pressure builds up leads to quick spike in prdouction
Bring back to the well review?
Cum over 6, 12, 24, 60 months for oil, gas, and BOE.
Max and last month’s oil and gas production
MCFD- Thousand cubic feet a day
Plug perf – Perf, then frac, then plug with sand
Sliding sleeve – perf, frac, close sleeve, don’t have to clean out sand before next perf job
Gamma ray (left) – type of rock
Green – net pay
Resistivity curve – indicates fluid type, oil has high resistivity and water has a low resistivity (conductive)
It took 80% of gathering all the data and only about 20% of analyzing the data
WI difference
Rosetta acquired Comstock
EXPLAIN VARIENCE (AFE-Actual)
47 total wells ranging from under spending AFE by $3,622,950.54 (Dale Evans 196 2H) to over spending AFE by $3,036,557.52 (Balmorhea State 32-15 A 1H)
25 AFE’s were under spent (53.2%) while 22 were over spent (46.8%)
Percentages indicate a P50 curve – 50% certanity of producing all reserves (probable reserves)
Since the turn of the year, Comstock overspent on every AFE they did except one
CRK avg net var - $460,381.72
J Cleo avg net var - $63,648.99
Notice the trend of CRK over spending AFE’s at the turn of the year
J Cleo seems to be following same trend of gradually over spending as time progresses
Although data can be imperfect as Occidental Petroleum (OXY) bought J Cleo’s Permian asset at the beginning of 2013
6 greens to right – furthest east correlates to more net pay
Reds – furthest west correlates to less net pay
Shows that one factor to determining which type curve area the well is located is the amount of total net pay sands
Realize that most green wells have a less amount of net wet sands
The Lone Ranger State 192 1 and the Wild Bill Hickok A 205 3 are the two green wells with the most wet sands and are located right near the line separating the green and red wells
Notice the wet sands seem to be most prevalent in the West and North Central of the play
See that generally pumping more proppant does not necessarily relate to a better daily rate of production
70% of the wells above 250 BOPD pumped XL downhole
While only 35.1% of wells below 250 BOPD pumped XL
Red wells – more wet sand and less net pay relate to a smaller rate
Green wells – have more pay and less wet sand – higher rate
Newly purchased assests needed a detailed inventory
Seen rod lifts from distance in Bakersfield but never in person
Stroke length, SPM, POC, Size
Heater treater and separators - Make and size, working pressure, type of berm
Tanks – Make and volume, quantity,
Number of well locations and potential reserves captured
When summed on a net basis can determine number of years left of drilling and can show how much Rosetta’s Permian play is worth
Gross, net, company acreage. Total blocks in the section and the remaining blocks available to be drilled.
Passed around model of PCP pump and observed the auger-like movement to lift the fluids
Saw a gas lift mandrel and valve and noticed the valve controls flow of gas into mandrel and into the tubing
Learned how on a rod lift balls seal on the upstroke and open on the downstroke
API
Lower the degree, thicker the fluid
Any fluid gravity above 10 degrees will float on water
Efficiency
Percentage of theoretical maximum volume a pump can lift
Tangible- Tubing, well head, Artificial lift
Intangible- Transportation, Labor, Fuel
Bit- manufacturer, size, jets (lubricants), depth in, Rate of Penetration (ROP)
Mud- type, weight, viscosity, ph
CASING- Size, weight, grade, hole size, estimated Top of Cement (TOC), CSG shoe
CSG SHOE- Helps guide the casing string past any ledges or obstructions that would prevent the string from being correctly located in the wellbore
CEMENT- Lead and tail cement jobs which include which kind of cement and the amount, pounds per gallon (PPG), the cement’s yield. I would also note the amount of cement circulated back to the surface or the location of the DV tool.
DV TOOL- Flow hole half way down hole to help flow of cement back to surface through the annulus
Fill in EUR reserves?
Is the well performing how it was expected
How data is gathered can result in differences in measurement
May not find a trend when one is expected