The genus Rose consists of over 100 species of flowering thorn bushes in the Rosaceae family. Both wild and cultivated roses are grown for their beauty, fragrance, and uses in perfumery, medicine, and food. There are over 30,000 cultivated varieties that have been bred for traits like flower size and color. The main producer of roses is Ecuador, which exports over 85,000 tons annually.

1. Rose

2. Rose• The genus Rose consists of a group of known flowering thorn bushes and leading representatives of
the family Rosaceae. Pink is called the flower of the members of this genus and rose to the plant.
• The number of species around 100, mostly from Asia and a few native to Europe, North America
and northwestern Africa. Both species and cultivars and hybrids are grown as ornamentals for the
beauty and fragrance of the flower, but also for the extraction of essential oil, used in perfumery
and cosmetics, medicinal uses (phytotherapy) and gastronomic.
• There is a huge variety of cultivars (over 30 000) from various hybridizations, and each year new
ones appear. Progenitor species mostly involved in the cultivars are: Rosa moschata, Rosa gallica,
Rosa damascena, Rosa wichuraiana, Rosa rugosa and Rosa californica. The rose growers twentieth
century focused on the size and color, producing large, attractive flowers, but with little or no
aroma. Many wild roses and "old fashioned", by contrast, have a strong sweet fragrance.
• Roses are among the most common flowers sold by florists. The rose is one of the most popular
plants in the gardens, including specific grounds are called rose gardens, which displays only the
members of the genus, whose range is so extensive miniature roses ranging from 10 to 15 cm high,
to large shrubs , climbing up to several meters high and creeping used as ground cover.
• Her main producer and exporter is Ecuador. The country's geographical location allows for a
luminosity microclimates and providing unique features flowers such as: stems long, thick and
completely vertical, large buttons and bright colors. They are marketed in over 110 countries with
its main markets: USA, Netherlands (imports flowers and then re-exported to other European
Union countries), Italy, Germany, Russia, Canada, Argentina, Spain, France, Switzerland and Ukraine
. Also Chile, China and Brazil. The total plantation area is 3300 ha, with an availability of 85 000
tonnes per year. The 99% of production is exported. [Citation needed]

3. etymology• In Spanish, and other Romance languages​​, too, the term "rose" comes directly and
unchanged from Latin rosa, meaning that we know, "the rose" or "rose flower"; become the
word prior rodia [Rodja ]-by similar change as in: clausus by Claudius. The latter archaic Latin
is, in turn, borrowed through Oscan-Ancient Greek-ρόδον [rhodon] "rose", "rose flower" or
better Rhodéa, "the stem of the rose", "bra flower '.
• From Ancient Greek refers Rhodon the possible meaning as "odorous effluvia," "what is
fragrant" or "what odorless', originated as a compound term: by ροήdon or wrodion but also
[bródion] in the ancient dialect wind, roots corresponding old Persian sidewalk or V'ReDa
(and its dialects: Avestan warda, Sogdian and delivery WaRD War), as a voice Iranian
transferred from southern Armenia to Phrygia and then to Grecia.nota 1 and prior to an
origin as old as delarameo wurrdā and even the Assyrian wurtinnu.nota 2
• As for the base, the core derives from Indo-European root vardh-[Wardh] vradh-[wradh],
"grow", "erect (is) 'where sánscritowardh-as, meaning" sprouting "and wardhati, "raise (it)",
"flourish".
• On the other hand, can be derived from a root-grecolatina VRAD, "folded", "be flexible". And
also there griegorodanós, rádinos, and bradinós wind, 'soft' or 'flexible'. Color claro.2
• Rosa is also a term coincident with various Germanic names with hrod root with the meaning
of "glory."

4. description• The roses are shrubs or climbers (sometimes hanging) usually thorny, reaching between 2-5 feet
tall, sometimes reaching 20 m climbing over other plants. They have semi-ligneous stems, usually
erect (sometimes crawling), some rough and flaky texture, with notable epidermal formations of
various shapes, persistent and well developed (stingers).
• The leaves may be evergreen or deciduous, stalked and imparipinnadas with between 5-9 serrated
leaflets and basal stipules. Often the presence of attached glands on margins, fragrant or not.
• The flowers, which emerge in racemose inflorescences, forming curds are generally aromatic,
complete and hermaphrodites; regular, radially symmetrical (actinomorphic). The perianth is well
developed. The prominent floral hypanthium or receptacle urn-shaped (concave thalamus and
deep). The calyx is dialisépalo, 5 part green. The sepals may be simple, or sometimes in complex
with stylized side lobulations. Dialipétala Corolla, symmetrical, consisting of five regular petals (or
multiples of 5), sometimes notched, and various bright colors, also white. The corolla is usually
"double" or "full" by transformation of stamens into petals, mostly in the cultivars. Androceo
comprises spirally arranged numerous stamens (several whorl), usually in a multiple number of
petals (5x). Apocárpico gynoecium (composed of several separate pistils). Nectarios present, which
attracts pollinating insects to favor predominantly entomophilous. Perigina (ovary middle),
numerous carpels uniovulados (one ovule per carpel) and each carpel produces an achene.
• The fruit of the flower is known as cinorrodon infrutescencia or hip, a "fruit" composed of multiple
small nuts (poliaquenio) separated and enclosed in a fleshy receptacle (hypanthium) and bright
color when ripe.

5. Phytochemistry
• Essential oil Rosa damascena comprises terpenes and fatty acid
derivatives such as citronellol (30.31%), geraniol (16.96%),
phenethyl alcohol (12.60%), nerol (8.46%), hexacosane (3.70%),
nonadecane (2.7%), linalool (2.15%), β-ionone (1.00%), eicosane
(1.65%), docosane (1.27%), farnesol (1.36%), neryl acetate
(1.41%), citronellyl propionate (1.38%), geranial (1.35%), α-
pinene (0.60%), myrcene (0.46%), cis-rose oxide (0.55%),
decanal (0.51%), terpinen-4-ol (0.55%), β-caryophyllene (0.81%),
isoborneol (0.57%), and heptadecane (0.92%) 3
• The fruit of the rose, the bramble, is high in Vitamin C: between
1700-2000 mg per 100 g of dry product, making it one of the
richest plant sources of this vitamin. It also contains vitamins A,
D and E, flavonoids and antioxidants. Its high tannin content
makes cause constipation.