Roman culture was influenced by earlier cultures like the Etruscans and Greeks. Roman art had several general characteristics - it was practical, focused on engineering works, large-scale, and used art for propaganda. Architecture used vaults, arches, and domes. Cities were planned around cardo and decumanus roads intersecting at a central forum. Infrastructure like aqueducts, bridges and roads connected the empire while amphitheaters, theaters and baths entertained citizens.
The document discusses various aspects of Roman architecture and culture. It describes some of Rome's most notable architectural achievements including the Colosseum, aqueducts, catacombs, Pantheon and forums. It also discusses Roman art, government, language/writing and other innovations. Some of Rome's most impressive and enduring structures were large public venues like the Colosseum and Circus Maximus that could hold tens of thousands of spectators. Roman architecture and engineering innovations such as arches, domes and aqueducts influenced structures around the world.
The document discusses the origins and rise of Rome. It explains that Latins founded Rome around 1000 BC along the Tiber River, attracting other ethnic groups like the Etruscans and Phoenicians. These groups contributed skills and architectural styles to Rome. The Roman Republic was established in 509 BC and was governed by patricians and plebeians. The document then discusses key aspects of Roman architecture, infrastructure, and city planning including their use of arches, concrete, aqueducts, roads, ports, and religious temples. It provides details on specific structures like the Maison Carrée temple.
Roman architecture was influenced by earlier Italian, Etruscan, and Greek cultures. It was practical and utilitarian, emphasizing public works, monumentality, and technical advances to showcase Roman power. Some key characteristics included an emphasis on interior space, combining beauty with utility, and integrating buildings into the urban landscape. Common building materials included stone, concrete, and brick in various construction techniques. Roman towns were planned around cardo and decumanus streets, with forums and infrastructure like aqueducts and roads supporting communities across the empire. Architectural styles included temples, basilicas, baths, theaters, amphitheaters, and domestic structures ranging from insulae to villas.
Unit 02E - Roman Architecture and Town PlanningCharlotte Jaram
(I created this powerpoint at 2am, with a hideous amount of caffeine a week before my AS exam. The grammar/spelling mistakes are a product of lack of sleep and an over dependence on caffeine. The content is all there whilst the spelling may not be)
The document discusses innovations in architecture from Ancient Rome that still influence modern society. It describes various building types such as forums, basilicas, temples, aqueducts, amphitheaters, and theaters that demonstrate Roman advancements in civic planning and construction techniques. Specific structures like the Colosseum and Pantheon are highlighted as iconic examples that established architectural styles still used today.
Roman architecture was heavily influenced by earlier Etruscan and Greek styles, but the Romans also innovated, particularly with the use of concrete and arched structures like aqueducts. They developed standardized city plans with gridded streets and public forums. Important building types included basilicas, which served civic and religious functions, and temples which often had colonnaded porches and cellas. The Pantheon featured the innovative use of a dome structure. Aqueducts brought water into cities using arches to support elevated stone channels.
The document discusses various aspects of Roman architecture and culture. It describes some of Rome's most notable architectural achievements including the Colosseum, aqueducts, catacombs, Pantheon and forums. It also discusses Roman art, government, language/writing and other innovations. Some of Rome's most impressive and enduring structures were large public venues like the Colosseum and Circus Maximus that could hold tens of thousands of spectators. Roman architecture and engineering innovations such as arches, domes and aqueducts influenced structures around the world.
The document discusses the origins and rise of Rome. It explains that Latins founded Rome around 1000 BC along the Tiber River, attracting other ethnic groups like the Etruscans and Phoenicians. These groups contributed skills and architectural styles to Rome. The Roman Republic was established in 509 BC and was governed by patricians and plebeians. The document then discusses key aspects of Roman architecture, infrastructure, and city planning including their use of arches, concrete, aqueducts, roads, ports, and religious temples. It provides details on specific structures like the Maison Carrée temple.
Roman architecture was influenced by earlier Italian, Etruscan, and Greek cultures. It was practical and utilitarian, emphasizing public works, monumentality, and technical advances to showcase Roman power. Some key characteristics included an emphasis on interior space, combining beauty with utility, and integrating buildings into the urban landscape. Common building materials included stone, concrete, and brick in various construction techniques. Roman towns were planned around cardo and decumanus streets, with forums and infrastructure like aqueducts and roads supporting communities across the empire. Architectural styles included temples, basilicas, baths, theaters, amphitheaters, and domestic structures ranging from insulae to villas.
Unit 02E - Roman Architecture and Town PlanningCharlotte Jaram
(I created this powerpoint at 2am, with a hideous amount of caffeine a week before my AS exam. The grammar/spelling mistakes are a product of lack of sleep and an over dependence on caffeine. The content is all there whilst the spelling may not be)
The document discusses innovations in architecture from Ancient Rome that still influence modern society. It describes various building types such as forums, basilicas, temples, aqueducts, amphitheaters, and theaters that demonstrate Roman advancements in civic planning and construction techniques. Specific structures like the Colosseum and Pantheon are highlighted as iconic examples that established architectural styles still used today.
Roman architecture was heavily influenced by earlier Etruscan and Greek styles, but the Romans also innovated, particularly with the use of concrete and arched structures like aqueducts. They developed standardized city plans with gridded streets and public forums. Important building types included basilicas, which served civic and religious functions, and temples which often had colonnaded porches and cellas. The Pantheon featured the innovative use of a dome structure. Aqueducts brought water into cities using arches to support elevated stone channels.
The document summarizes Roman architecture from the Republican period through the Late Empire. During the Early and High Empire periods (27 BCE - 192 CE), Roman architecture advanced with developments like concrete construction, which allowed grand vaulted spaces and domes. Iconic buildings from this era included the Pantheon with its record-breaking concrete dome, as well as amphitheaters like the Colosseum in Rome. Aqueduct engineering also flourished as the Romans built bridges and channels to carry water over long distances. Monumental arches like the Arch of Titus commemorated imperial accomplishments.
Rome began as a small agricultural community in central Italy founded in 753 BC. It eventually grew into a powerful Republic that dominated the Mediterranean world. The Republic collapsed in the 1st century BC, leading to the founding of the Roman Empire in 27 BC. At its height, the Empire stretched from Britain to Egypt and Portugal to Iraq. Rome's location placed it within a cultural sphere influenced by Greek and Etruscan civilizations. The Romans developed advanced architecture, infrastructure, and systems of government that still influence Western societies today.
Roman architecture : Elements and innovations.jainvijaya
Hey! i am an architecture student. This presentation i made was for a college submission. Hope it works out for you. All the best. And don't forget to like it...!!!
Roman towns were planned according to a grid pattern with two main roads, the cardo and decumanus, intersecting at the town center. Public buildings like the forum, basilica, temples, and baths were located in the central area. The forum served as a meeting place while the basilica was used for business and legal matters. Colonies established by Rome helped extend its culture and control. They were often given defensive walls and followed a standardized grid street and land plot pattern.
The Romans were effective conquerors who created a unified national identity across regions through architecture and construction. To support their grand vision, Romans innovated new building materials and techniques. They invented concrete, which allowed larger structures, and developed arched and vaulted designs that distributed weight efficiently. The dome also provided new possibilities. These innovations enabled monumental structures like aqueducts, baths, amphitheaters, and arches that dominated the landscape and consolidated Roman power.
The Roman Empire had a significant influence on architecture across Europe and the Mediterranean. They adopted architectural styles from the Greeks and Etruscans but also developed many innovations. The Romans were skilled builders known for complex construction utilizing stone, brick, concrete and marble. They constructed grand structures such as aqueducts, bridges, and amphitheaters that demonstrated the capabilities of the Roman arch and vault. The most iconic buildings were forums, temples, baths and the magnificent Colosseum which endured as a symbol of Roman engineering prowess.
The document summarizes key aspects of ancient Roman architecture. It discusses how the Romans borrowed from Greek architecture but improved construction techniques like arches and vaults. It provides details on common building types, materials, and tools used. Important Roman architectural innovations are outlined, such as concrete construction, different wall techniques, and wide use of arches, vaults, and domes. Engineering feats like aqueducts and roads are also summarized. Major public structures like the Colosseum and Pantheon are highlighted as iconic examples of Roman architectural achievements.
The document summarizes key aspects of ancient Roman architecture. It discusses how the Romans adopted and improved upon Greek architectural styles, most notably employing the arch. It also describes important Roman architectural structures like aqueducts and bridges built using arches and concrete. Additionally, it mentions significant Roman developments in housing, public hygiene through structures like baths, underfloor heating, and indoor plumbing.
Roman architecture was influenced by the cultures they conquered, including the practical functionalism of early Italian cultures, the urban planning of the Etruscans, and the art, philosophy and literature of the Greeks. Roman architecture is characterized by monumentality, technical advances, and integration of beauty with practicality. Buildings were constructed with various vaulting techniques and durable materials like stone, concrete and brick. Roman cities had defined urban plans centered around forums and crossed by main roads, and included infrastructure like aqueducts, bridges and harbors. Major building types included temples, basilicas, baths, theatres, amphitheatres and circuses.
The Roman Empire originated in Italy in the 8th century BC and went on to dominate much of Europe and parts of Asia and North Africa for over 500 years. Some key aspects of Roman culture included their advanced architecture like aqueducts, amphitheaters and baths built from materials like stone, brick and concrete. Their city planning involved a grid layout with public services centered around a forum. The Romans also had developments in civil engineering, transportation technology and medicine. Their society was stratified with patricians, plebeians and slaves having distinct roles and lifestyles. Roman culture was also influenced by Greek mythology and traditions and their art, literature and entertainment reflected this.
The document provides historical background on Roman architecture from 753 BC to 476 AD. It discusses the location of Rome and the extent of the Roman Empire. Key architectural features are summarized, including temples, basilicas, aqueducts, thermae, amphitheaters, and the Pantheon. The Pantheon had an entrance portico and circular interior structure capped by a magnificent dome. Engineering innovations like arches, vaults, and concrete allowed Romans to construct monumental structures that remained unsurpassed for centuries.
historic context of rome, roman architecture, roman civilization, roman orders, famous roman buildings, aqueducts, roman bath, building material used in construction
The document summarizes common buildings and structures found in ancient Roman cities, including forums, basilicas, temples, senate houses, theaters, amphitheaters, triumphal arches and columns, imperial baths, aqueducts, housing, and the Roman forum. Basilicas originally served civic and legal functions but later adopted religious purposes with the Christianization of the Roman Empire. Amphitheaters hosted gladiatorial contests and other sporting events. Aqueducts and sewers were essential infrastructure, while the wealthy lived in single-family homes (domus) and the lower classes resided in multi-story apartment complexes (insulae).
The module provides an overview of Roman architecture and civilization. It covers the historical background including the location and periods of Roman rule from 753 BC to 476 AD. It discusses the social characteristics such as the diverse population comprising citizens and non-citizens, as well as their religious beliefs and system of government. The learning outcomes focus on Roman innovations in building materials, structures, and functional space design.
Roman architecture was heavily influenced by the Etruscans and Greeks. The Romans perfected wide-span construction using concrete and innovative arch designs. Their most iconic structures included temples, aqueducts, amphitheaters like the Colosseum, and public baths. Roman architecture emphasized durable construction on a grand scale to impress and serve large populations in expanding cities and across their empire.
Roman architecture built upon Greek precedents, using innovative construction techniques. The Romans pioneered the use of vaults and arches made from concrete and brick, allowing them to construct massive public structures like the Colosseum and Pantheon. They standardized architectural styles, with buildings often featuring arches, columns, and domes. Iconic Roman structures demonstrated the empire's dominance through grand scale and innovative engineering.
Rome has undergone significant urban development throughout its long history. It began as a small settlement on seven hills in the 8th century BC and expanded during the Roman Republican and Imperial periods. The city declined in the Middle Ages but regained prominence during the Renaissance thanks to the papacy. Rome was chosen as Italy's capital in the late 19th century, and underwent further growth and restoration. Under Mussolini in the 1920s-40s, major projects like EUR were built to glorify fascism. Today Rome has over 2.8 million inhabitants and continues expanding through the creation of new neighborhoods and suburbs.
Lecture11 Roman Roads ( Highway Engineering )Hossam Shafiq I
The Romans were renowned engineers who built extensive road and aqueduct systems throughout their vast empire. They constructed over 90,000 km of high quality stone roads with precise specifications. Romans also pioneered arch and bridge designs, using techniques like cofferdams and hydraulic screws to build bridges across rivers. Their aqueducts were marvels of engineering, with some structures still standing after 2,000 years like the Pont du Gard aqueduct in France.
Roman cities had a rectangular shape and were built around a grid system of parallel streets that intersected at right angles. The most important streets were the cardo maximus, which ran north-south, and the decumanus, which ran east-west. These two wide streets met at the center of the city, where the forum and markets were located. The forum was a large public square surrounded by temples, government buildings, and courts of law. Other common features of Roman cities included walls and gates for defense, baths, amphitheaters for entertainment, and circuses for chariot races.
Roman cities town planning uploaded by Pankaj dhakad
submitted by
Mustafa Hasan
Pankaj Dhakad
Savy Soni
Shivangi Shrivastva
Vedant Chawla
Yashasvi Agrawal
1.2 town planning greek and roman cultureSachin PatiL
Necessity scope principles of Town Planning,
Present status of town planning in India,
Contribution of town planners in modern era,
Sir Patrick Geddes,
Sir Ebenezer Howard,
Clarence stein,
Sir Patrick Abercrombie,
Le Corbusier,
The document summarizes Roman architecture from the Republican period through the Late Empire. During the Early and High Empire periods (27 BCE - 192 CE), Roman architecture advanced with developments like concrete construction, which allowed grand vaulted spaces and domes. Iconic buildings from this era included the Pantheon with its record-breaking concrete dome, as well as amphitheaters like the Colosseum in Rome. Aqueduct engineering also flourished as the Romans built bridges and channels to carry water over long distances. Monumental arches like the Arch of Titus commemorated imperial accomplishments.
Rome began as a small agricultural community in central Italy founded in 753 BC. It eventually grew into a powerful Republic that dominated the Mediterranean world. The Republic collapsed in the 1st century BC, leading to the founding of the Roman Empire in 27 BC. At its height, the Empire stretched from Britain to Egypt and Portugal to Iraq. Rome's location placed it within a cultural sphere influenced by Greek and Etruscan civilizations. The Romans developed advanced architecture, infrastructure, and systems of government that still influence Western societies today.
Roman architecture : Elements and innovations.jainvijaya
Hey! i am an architecture student. This presentation i made was for a college submission. Hope it works out for you. All the best. And don't forget to like it...!!!
Roman towns were planned according to a grid pattern with two main roads, the cardo and decumanus, intersecting at the town center. Public buildings like the forum, basilica, temples, and baths were located in the central area. The forum served as a meeting place while the basilica was used for business and legal matters. Colonies established by Rome helped extend its culture and control. They were often given defensive walls and followed a standardized grid street and land plot pattern.
The Romans were effective conquerors who created a unified national identity across regions through architecture and construction. To support their grand vision, Romans innovated new building materials and techniques. They invented concrete, which allowed larger structures, and developed arched and vaulted designs that distributed weight efficiently. The dome also provided new possibilities. These innovations enabled monumental structures like aqueducts, baths, amphitheaters, and arches that dominated the landscape and consolidated Roman power.
The Roman Empire had a significant influence on architecture across Europe and the Mediterranean. They adopted architectural styles from the Greeks and Etruscans but also developed many innovations. The Romans were skilled builders known for complex construction utilizing stone, brick, concrete and marble. They constructed grand structures such as aqueducts, bridges, and amphitheaters that demonstrated the capabilities of the Roman arch and vault. The most iconic buildings were forums, temples, baths and the magnificent Colosseum which endured as a symbol of Roman engineering prowess.
The document summarizes key aspects of ancient Roman architecture. It discusses how the Romans borrowed from Greek architecture but improved construction techniques like arches and vaults. It provides details on common building types, materials, and tools used. Important Roman architectural innovations are outlined, such as concrete construction, different wall techniques, and wide use of arches, vaults, and domes. Engineering feats like aqueducts and roads are also summarized. Major public structures like the Colosseum and Pantheon are highlighted as iconic examples of Roman architectural achievements.
The document summarizes key aspects of ancient Roman architecture. It discusses how the Romans adopted and improved upon Greek architectural styles, most notably employing the arch. It also describes important Roman architectural structures like aqueducts and bridges built using arches and concrete. Additionally, it mentions significant Roman developments in housing, public hygiene through structures like baths, underfloor heating, and indoor plumbing.
Roman architecture was influenced by the cultures they conquered, including the practical functionalism of early Italian cultures, the urban planning of the Etruscans, and the art, philosophy and literature of the Greeks. Roman architecture is characterized by monumentality, technical advances, and integration of beauty with practicality. Buildings were constructed with various vaulting techniques and durable materials like stone, concrete and brick. Roman cities had defined urban plans centered around forums and crossed by main roads, and included infrastructure like aqueducts, bridges and harbors. Major building types included temples, basilicas, baths, theatres, amphitheatres and circuses.
The Roman Empire originated in Italy in the 8th century BC and went on to dominate much of Europe and parts of Asia and North Africa for over 500 years. Some key aspects of Roman culture included their advanced architecture like aqueducts, amphitheaters and baths built from materials like stone, brick and concrete. Their city planning involved a grid layout with public services centered around a forum. The Romans also had developments in civil engineering, transportation technology and medicine. Their society was stratified with patricians, plebeians and slaves having distinct roles and lifestyles. Roman culture was also influenced by Greek mythology and traditions and their art, literature and entertainment reflected this.
The document provides historical background on Roman architecture from 753 BC to 476 AD. It discusses the location of Rome and the extent of the Roman Empire. Key architectural features are summarized, including temples, basilicas, aqueducts, thermae, amphitheaters, and the Pantheon. The Pantheon had an entrance portico and circular interior structure capped by a magnificent dome. Engineering innovations like arches, vaults, and concrete allowed Romans to construct monumental structures that remained unsurpassed for centuries.
historic context of rome, roman architecture, roman civilization, roman orders, famous roman buildings, aqueducts, roman bath, building material used in construction
The document summarizes common buildings and structures found in ancient Roman cities, including forums, basilicas, temples, senate houses, theaters, amphitheaters, triumphal arches and columns, imperial baths, aqueducts, housing, and the Roman forum. Basilicas originally served civic and legal functions but later adopted religious purposes with the Christianization of the Roman Empire. Amphitheaters hosted gladiatorial contests and other sporting events. Aqueducts and sewers were essential infrastructure, while the wealthy lived in single-family homes (domus) and the lower classes resided in multi-story apartment complexes (insulae).
The module provides an overview of Roman architecture and civilization. It covers the historical background including the location and periods of Roman rule from 753 BC to 476 AD. It discusses the social characteristics such as the diverse population comprising citizens and non-citizens, as well as their religious beliefs and system of government. The learning outcomes focus on Roman innovations in building materials, structures, and functional space design.
Roman architecture was heavily influenced by the Etruscans and Greeks. The Romans perfected wide-span construction using concrete and innovative arch designs. Their most iconic structures included temples, aqueducts, amphitheaters like the Colosseum, and public baths. Roman architecture emphasized durable construction on a grand scale to impress and serve large populations in expanding cities and across their empire.
Roman architecture built upon Greek precedents, using innovative construction techniques. The Romans pioneered the use of vaults and arches made from concrete and brick, allowing them to construct massive public structures like the Colosseum and Pantheon. They standardized architectural styles, with buildings often featuring arches, columns, and domes. Iconic Roman structures demonstrated the empire's dominance through grand scale and innovative engineering.
Rome has undergone significant urban development throughout its long history. It began as a small settlement on seven hills in the 8th century BC and expanded during the Roman Republican and Imperial periods. The city declined in the Middle Ages but regained prominence during the Renaissance thanks to the papacy. Rome was chosen as Italy's capital in the late 19th century, and underwent further growth and restoration. Under Mussolini in the 1920s-40s, major projects like EUR were built to glorify fascism. Today Rome has over 2.8 million inhabitants and continues expanding through the creation of new neighborhoods and suburbs.
Lecture11 Roman Roads ( Highway Engineering )Hossam Shafiq I
The Romans were renowned engineers who built extensive road and aqueduct systems throughout their vast empire. They constructed over 90,000 km of high quality stone roads with precise specifications. Romans also pioneered arch and bridge designs, using techniques like cofferdams and hydraulic screws to build bridges across rivers. Their aqueducts were marvels of engineering, with some structures still standing after 2,000 years like the Pont du Gard aqueduct in France.
Roman cities had a rectangular shape and were built around a grid system of parallel streets that intersected at right angles. The most important streets were the cardo maximus, which ran north-south, and the decumanus, which ran east-west. These two wide streets met at the center of the city, where the forum and markets were located. The forum was a large public square surrounded by temples, government buildings, and courts of law. Other common features of Roman cities included walls and gates for defense, baths, amphitheaters for entertainment, and circuses for chariot races.
Roman cities town planning uploaded by Pankaj dhakad
submitted by
Mustafa Hasan
Pankaj Dhakad
Savy Soni
Shivangi Shrivastva
Vedant Chawla
Yashasvi Agrawal
1.2 town planning greek and roman cultureSachin PatiL
Necessity scope principles of Town Planning,
Present status of town planning in India,
Contribution of town planners in modern era,
Sir Patrick Geddes,
Sir Ebenezer Howard,
Clarence stein,
Sir Patrick Abercrombie,
Le Corbusier,
The Roman Empire spanned over 1/9th of the Earth's surface and ruled over a quarter of humanity across three continents at the height of its power. Roman architecture and town planning had a lasting legacy. They developed advanced building techniques like concrete and the arch, which enabled massive structures like the Colosseum and aqueducts. Roman towns were planned with gridded streets and usually centered around a forum. Notable architectural achievements included amphitheaters, temples, bath complexes, and the iconic Pantheon dome. Roman dress varied by class, gender, and occasion, with tunics and togas for citizens and more elaborate versions for elites.
The document summarizes key aspects of Roman architecture from 300 BC to AD 365. It discusses their significant innovation of concrete and how it enabled strong walls and structures. It also describes important Roman architectural structures like aqueducts, bridges, theaters, arenas, baths, temples, basilicas, houses, villas and tombs. The forum is introduced as the central public space in Roman cities.
The passage discusses several key aspects of Roman technology and infrastructure that contributed to the Pax Romana being considered a golden age. It describes Roman architectural structures like the Pantheon and Colosseum, as well as their advanced water infrastructure including aqueducts that supplied cities from long distances and public plumbing/sewer systems that kept cities clean. Roman roads also allowed for easier travel, trade, and tax collection across their vast empire.
The document provides details about Roman architecture based on a lecture about the topic. It discusses Roman influences from Greek architecture as well as innovations the Romans developed. A key example discussed is the Colosseum, described as the largest amphitheater in the world. The Colosseum could accommodate 50,000 spectators and featured an arena and multiple levels of seating. It was constructed out of stone, concrete, and bricks to impressive sizes that demonstrated Roman engineering capabilities.
Roman Architecture.pdf Roman Architecture.pdfzeinatamerr2005
Ancient Rome began as villages along the Tiber River in Italy that united around 750 BC to form the city of Rome. Romans were able to develop civilization due to the region's good climate and geography, with the Tiber River providing resources and the hills offering natural defenses. Roman architects and engineers developed concrete, arches, and vaults to construct grand structures like the Pantheon, aqueducts, and amphitheaters that demonstrated Rome's power and improved citizens' lives. The forum served as the civic, religious, and economic center of Roman cities.
The Roman Pantheon was built in 118-125 CE and brought Roman concrete vaulted architecture to its highest level of refinement. The circular building has a traditional temple façade but behind is a drum-shaped interior topped by a hemispherical dome, the largest ever built in antiquity. The interior space is vast and spectacular, with a coffered dome and central oculus flooding light. The Pantheon exemplified differences between Greek and Roman architecture, with Romans emphasizing grand interior spaces using vaults and concrete rather than Greek stone construction and exterior harmony.
The Romans borrowed from Greek and Etruscan architecture but innovated in several ways. They added the Tuscan and Composite orders. They pioneered the use of concrete which allowed massive structures like aqueducts, baths, and amphitheaters to be built. Domes, arches, and plumbing systems were developed. Their innovative road network spanned the empire and is still used as a model today.
Roman Architecture Design Principles-MaHi.pptxTafshirul Alam
Roman Architecture Design Principles Urban Design Principles Historical Architecture Roman Urban Planning Town Planning Roman Town Roman Pattern Roman Period History of Architecture Art and Architecture Historical Design
Roman Architecture in history of old architecture .pptxzeinatamerr2005
Ancient Rome began as villages along the Tiber River in Italy that united around 750 BC to form the city of Rome. Romans used the surrounding hills and mountains for defense and were able to grow a variety of crops due to the good climate. They developed advanced architectural techniques like arches, vaults and concrete that allowed them to construct monumental public buildings and infrastructure like aqueducts, bridges, forums, basilicas, baths, theaters and amphitheaters.
The document discusses various aspects of Roman architecture and art during the early Roman Empire under Augustus. It describes architectural features like aqueducts, arches, temples, theaters, and amphitheaters that were constructed throughout the Roman world. Specific examples are given of architectural works like the Pont du Gard aqueduct, various triumphal arches, and temples in Vienne and Nimes. Funerary monuments are also summarized, like the Arch of the Sergii in Pula. The document emphasizes how Roman architectural styles and forms were spread widely during this period to symbolize Roman power and influence.
Roman architecture made significant contributions, including basilicas for large gatherings and the Pantheon with its iconic dome. The Colosseum hosted gladiator battles and other events, using trap doors and draining systems. Aqueducts brought water into cities using arches and gravity. Roman baths were social centers with hot and cold pools maintained by underground fires. Sculptures and paintings decorated homes, with portraits striving for realism over idealized forms.
The document discusses several key aspects of ancient Roman architecture. It describes how the Romans borrowed from Greek and Etruscan styles but improved architectural elements like arches and vaults. Some of their major achievements included innovative uses of concrete, arches, domes, and aqueducts to construct large buildings and engineering works. Examples provided include the Colosseum, Pantheon, aqueducts, and road networks that demonstrated the Romans' skill in civil engineering projects.
Roman technology and infrastructure allowed their empire to thrive for over 200 years. During this Pax Romana period, they built extensive road and aqueduct systems that improved travel and access to water. Their architectural innovations like the Pantheon's dome and amphitheaters like the Colosseum were engineering feats that were not matched for centuries. Roman cities had indoor plumbing, sewers, and public baths that kept urban areas hygienic by ancient standards. This infrastructure network integrated the empire and supported large urban populations away from natural water sources.
The grand scale of architecture under the Roman Empire and the different building typologies. Importance of public & civic infrastructure projects made by them.
The document provides information on Roman architecture and its characteristics. It discusses the geographical, geological, climatic, and religious conditions that influenced Roman architecture. Some key points:
- The Romans adapted the Greek columnar style and Etruscan arch and vault in their architecture. They widely used arches, vaults and domes to span large spaces.
- Important building materials included stone, timber, iron, copper, bricks and the extensive use of lime concrete for walls, vaults and domes.
- Major building types included temples, basilicas, amphitheaters, circuses, baths and aqueducts. Large public structures like the Colosseum and Baths of
The document summarizes Roman art and architecture from the rise of the Roman Republic to the height of the Roman Empire. It describes how the Romans adopted many artistic styles from the Etruscans and Greeks, but made innovations in architecture like the arch, vault, and widespread use of concrete which allowed for grand structures like aqueducts, amphitheaters, baths and basilicas. Roman portraiture and murals strived for realistic representation. Major works discussed include the Colosseum, Pantheon and Arch of Constantine.
Roman art served as a demonstration of power from 753 BCE to 410 CE. Roman architecture was revolutionary due to their understanding of the arch, vault and concrete, which allowed them to build monumental structures like aqueducts, temples, arenas and basilicas. While greatly admiring Greek art, Roman art had no unique style but was diverse and incorporated influences from territories across the Roman Empire. Wealthy patrons and the government sponsored art that proclaimed their glory.
Rimska arkhitektura chasiv_rimskoyi_imperiyiorestznak
The document summarizes key architectural structures in ancient Rome. It describes the Roman Forum as the center of public life where people traded and celebrated. Major landmarks in the Forum included the Temple of Saturn, the Temple of Vespasian, and the Arch of Septimius Severus. Entertainment structures like the Colosseum and Circus Maximus hosted games and events. Large residences like Nero's Domus Aurea and Hadrian's Mausoleum displayed the emperors' wealth and power. The architecture of Rome demonstrated the engineering abilities of the ancient Romans and their skills in organizing urban spaces.
Skyscrapers first emerged in the late 19th century as fire-resistant constructions in Chicago and New York following major fires that destroyed downtown areas. The first true skyscraper is considered to be the Home Insurance Building built in Chicago in 1885. Developments in steel-frame construction allowed buildings to rise higher. New York particularly saw a surge in skyscraper construction in the early 20th century as the bedrock near the surface and grid street pattern facilitated low-cost foundations. Zoning laws introduced in 1916 established setbacks to allow more light and air. The modern skyscraper boom continued throughout the 20th century with ever-taller buildings constructed in major cities around the world.
This document provides a visual timeline of Russian architecture from the earliest shelters in the 6th century up to modern buildings from the 2000s. Some key developments and styles highlighted include pre-Mongol architecture from the 9th-11th centuries, churches and fortresses from the medieval period, St. Basil's Cathedral representing the peak of Russian architecture in the 16th century, and Constructivist and Stalinist styles from the early Soviet era including Tatlin's Tower design and workers clubs. Major government buildings, palaces, and the Moscow Metro are also depicted from the 18th century onwards, showing the evolution of Russian architectural styles over more than a millennium.
This document provides information on various Rococo style palaces, buildings, and artworks located across Europe, with mentions of Sans Souci Palace in Potsdam, St. Petersburg's St. Catherine's Palace and Hermitage Museum, and interiors from the Beloselsky-Belozersky Palace, Smolny Cathedral, St. Nicholas Cathedral, and Grand Peterhof Palace. Additionally, it lists Rococo style churches and buildings in Germany, Austria, Spain, and France, including examples from Ottobeuren, Rottenbuch, Marienmunster, the Archbishop Palace in Prague, the Cathedral of Cadiz, and the Petit Palais in Paris. It also provides brief information on the German architect Fran
The document discusses the Arts and Crafts movement and some of its key figures and buildings. It mentions William Morris and his maxim to only have functional and beautiful items in the home. It then lists various architects and designers like Charles Rennie Mackintosh, Edwin Lutyens, Norman Shaw, Antonio Gaudi, and Frank Lloyd Wright who designed homes and buildings in the Arts and Crafts style.
The Renaissance began with the opening of the Silk Road by the Mongols, which exposed Europeans to Chinese goods and ideas through the travels of Marco Polo. The Black Death had some positive impacts by not damaging infrastructure and causing people to spend more. Ottoman conquests led Greek and Roman scholars to flee to Italy with ancient texts. Major trading cities like Florence and Venice grew wealthy during this period, with Florence being a center of art and architecture due to the patronage of the powerful Medici family.
The document discusses the Baroque style of art and architecture between 1600-1750. It describes Baroque as dramatic, emotional, with brighter colors and darker shadows. Baroque art was meant to appeal to emotions rather than intellect in church contexts. Examples mentioned include the Trevi Fountain in Rome, St. Peter's Basilica, and Chateaus in France such as Fontainebleau, Blois, and Chambord. The document also briefly mentions examples from other parts of Europe, Asia, and the Americas during this period.
The document provides information on important artworks and buildings from the 16th century Renaissance period in Italy. It includes summaries of Palladio's Villa Rotonda, Brunelleschi's Capponi Chapel, Michelangelo's frescoes in the Sistine Chapel, Bellini's altarpiece in San Zaccaria, the facade of the Church of Il Gesu in Rome, and examples of trompe l'oeil and quadratura ceiling techniques. The document highlights significant architectural and artistic achievements during the Italian Renaissance.
Gothic architecture originated in 12th century France and spread throughout Europe in the 13th-14th centuries. It is characterized by pointed arches, ribbed vaults, large windows often containing stained glass, and flying buttresses. Examples of key Gothic cathedrals include Chartres Cathedral, Notre Dame, and Reims Cathedral. Gothic architecture was used not only for religious buildings but also civic structures like town halls.
Romanesque art developed in Europe during the Middle Ages between the 10th and 12th centuries. It was characterized by thick walls, small round-arched windows, heavy rounded arches, barrel or groin vaults, and the use of trabeation. The style expanded across Europe through the growth of pilgrimage routes and trade, as well as the establishment of monasteries, churches, and castles during this period. The Romanesque style exhibited regional variations across countries like France, Italy, England, Germany, and Spain.
The Byzantine Empire lasted from 300-1453 AD and was centered in Constantinople after the Roman Empire split. The Hagia Sophia, one of the great architectural achievements of Byzantine architecture, was commissioned by Emperor Justinian and featured a massive dome supported by pendentives. Byzantine architecture influenced many later structures including St. Mark's Cathedral in Venice through the use of domes and mosaics.
The document discusses different types of ancient Egyptian architecture such as temples, columns, and stone figures. It notes that stone figures found throughout Egypt can depict animals, kings, or a mixture, with the most famous being the Sphinx that has the head of a king and body of a lion. Several ancient Egyptian temples are also mentioned such as the Temple of Isis from 285BC and Karnak, along with statues, monuments, and the Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut from Thebes.
This document discusses how architecture reflects and is influenced by various factors in society. It notes that buildings serve as shelter, reflect their purpose, and are restricted by site, budget, materials, laws, and knowledge. It then examines some of the key influences on architecture in ancient Egypt, including the political framework established by pharaohs, the strong economy supported by agriculture and trade, the religious social structure, and developing technology like brick-making and stoneworking that enabled large construction projects like pyramids and temples.
Every client wants the same things from their dwelling, such as shelter and protection. The document discusses various types of dwellings from around the world and through history, including Mongolian gers, North American wikiups, tepees, ancient shrines from 5000 BC, and underground homes carved into rock formations. It also mentions new house designs from Sweden and architectural works like the Villa Rotunda.
2. Introduction
• Roman culture is the result of different
influences:
– Primitive cultures of the area Rome was
founded in (they were peasants and warriors)
– Etrurian civilization: urban, offering culture to
the ancestors
– Greek and Hellenistic: this was the model they
aimed at imitating.
5. Introduction
• General characteristics of Roman Art
– It is practical and utilitarian
– Interest in public works and engineering
– Large scale
– Great technical advances
– Colossal to show Roman power
– It is commemorative and propagandistic
7. General Characteristics
• Special importance for the internal space
• Integral view of the art combining:
– Beauty and sumptuosity with
– Utility and practical sense
• Buildings are integrated in the urban space
8. General Characteristics
• Building systems:
– Lintelled:
• Copied from the Greeks
• Spaces are closed by straight lines
– Vaulted
• Taken from the Etrurian
• Use of arches
• Barrel vaults
– Use of domes
– Strong walls so that they do not use external supports
9. General Characteristics
• Materials:
– Limestone
– Concrete
– Mortar
• Arches:
– They used half point or semicircular arches
– They could use lintels above these arches
– Pediments were combined with them
12. General Characteristics
• Greek shapes assimilation:
– Architectonical orders were used more in a
decorative than in a practical way
– Order superposition
– The use of orders linked to the wall created a
decorative element
– They used the classical orders and two
more:
• Composite
• Tuscan
13. Roman Town Planning
• Cities were the centre of Roman life
– Need for infrastructures
• Water and sewer system
• Transport and defence
• Public spaces and markets
– Psychological effect: power and control
• There was a need of linking them through
paved roads
14. Roman Town Planning
• The plan of the city was
based on the camp
• It had two main axes
– Cardus E-W
– Decumanus N-S
• Where the two converged
was the forum
• The rest of the space was
divided into squares in
which insulae or blocks of
flats were built
15. Forums
• Forums were cultural centres in cities.
• They were often placed at the crossroads of important urban ways: cardo maximus and
decumanus.
• A great porticated square was the centre of a group of buildings around it.
• They were communicated through it.
• Temples for Imperial worship, schools, basilicae, markets or even termae had a direct access
through forum.
• In many cases even buildings for spectacles -circus, theatres and amphitheatres- were
communicated so.
• Forums were a way in for important persons to tribunals.
19. Roman Roads
The Romans built many roads throughout their empire. The roads made it easier to travel and trade
with faraway provinces. It also made it easier to collect taxes. Roman roads were straight and
followed an exact design. The expression, “All Roads Lead to Rome” refers to the fact that Rome was
the center of modern civilization.
The road system of the
Ancient Romans was
one of the greatest
engineering
accomplishments of its
time, with over 50,000
miles of paved road
radiating from their
center at the miliarius
aurem in the Forum in
the city of Rome.
27. Ports and Lighthouses
• Roman ships and those for commercial
trade should travel from port to port with
the speed and security adequate to the life
of a great Empire.
• In these ports every necessity for the
execution of the usual works in a port
ensemble should be found:
– gateways with stores and bureaux,
– shipyards for stationing ships,
– roads for taking ships to earthly
ground,
– drinkable water fountains and
– machinery for loading and
downloading merchandises.
• Indeed, a system of indication was
necessary in order to mark the right
access and exit to the port.
28.
29. Walls
• Defence of cities has been
one of the capital
problems that civilizations
had to solve in order to
project the future of their
citizens, goods, culture
and ways of life.
• Romans were the first in
the technique of
improving different kinds
of defence, using walls.
31. Religious: Temple
• It copied the Greek model
• It has only one portico and
a main façade
• It tends to be
pseudoperiptero
• The cella is totally closed
• It is built on a podium
• Instead of having stairs all
around, it only has them in
the main façade
32.
33. Religious: Temple
• There were other kind
of temples:
• Circular: similar to the
Greek tholos
• Pantheon: combined
squared and circular
structures and was in
honour of all gods.
34. The dome meant
bigger buildings
could be built
which were safer
and did not need
thick walls or
large numbers of
pillars to support
the ceiling.
This piece of
technology will be
lost to medieval
Europeans.
41. Spectacles: Theatre
• It is similar to the Greek but it
is not located in a mountain
but it is completely built
• It has a semicircular scenery
• The doors to facilitate
peoples’ movement are called
vomitoria
• It does not have the orchestra
because in Roman plays was
not a chorus
• The rest of the parts are
similar to those of the Greek
theatre
45. Spectacles: Amphitheatre
• It comes from the
fusion of two theatres
• It was the place for
spectacles with
animals and fights
(gladiators)
• There could be filled
with water for naval
battles.
46.
47. Under the floor were cages and cells for
animals gladiators and Christians.
52. Spectacles: Circus
• It was a building for horse races and cuadriga
competitions.
• It has the cavea, the area and a central element to
turn around, the spina.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57. Commemorative monuments:
Triumphal Arches
• They were usually placed at the main
entrance of cities in order to remember
travellers and inhabitants the Greatness
and strength of Roman world.
• At the beginning they were wooden
arches where trophies and richness
from wars were shown.
• This habitude changed: Romans built
commemorative arches with
inscriptions.
• They were a Roman creation and they
succeeded: many of them have been
constructed until the present days.
• Arches were used not only for
commemorating Roman victories or
military generals: they also marked
limits between provincial borders.
58. Commemorative monuments:
Columns
• They were columns decorated
with relieves
• In them some important facts
were related
• They were built in the honour
of a person.
• The best instance of these
works is the famous Trajan
Column at Rome. It is
decorated with a spiral of
relieves dealing with scenes
of his campaigns in Danube
and with inscriptions.
61. Civil Buildings: Baths
• There were spaces for
public life
• They consisted of different
rooms:
• Changing rooms
– Different temperature rooms:
• Frigidarium (cold)
• Tepidarium (warm)
• Caldarium (hot)
– Swimming pool
– Gymnasium
– Library
65. These were public toilets
and the water
continually flowed
underneath.
The wealthy had toilets
you could flush by lifting
a piece of wood that
blocked the sluice.
66. Houses: Insulae
• There are urban houses
• In order to take advantage from
the room in cities, buildings up
to four floors were constructed.
• The ground floor was for
shops -tabernae- and the
others for apartments of
different sizes.
• Every room was
communicated through a
central communitarian patio
decorated with flowers or
gardens.
67.
68. Houses: Domus
• It was the usual housing for important people
in each city.
• It was endowed with a structure based on
distribution through porticated patios:
– the entry -fauces- gives access to
– a small corridor -vestibulum-.
– It leads to a porticated patio -atrium-.
– Its center, the impluvium, is a bank for
the water falling from the compluvium.
– At both sides -alae- there are many
chambers used as rooms for service
slaves, kitchens and latrines.
– At the bottom, the tablinum or living-
room can be found, and close to it, the
triclinium or dining-room.
– This atrium gave also light enough to
next rooms.
– At both sides of the tablinum, little
corridors led to the noble part of the
domus.
– Second porticated patio peristylium, was
bigger and endowed with a central
garden.
– It was surrounded by rooms -cubiculum-
and marked by an exedra used as a
chamber for banquets or social meetings.
69.
70.
71. Houses: Villa
• Houses far from cities, were
thought for realizing
agricultural exploitations -villae
rustica-, or else as places for
the rest of important persons
-villae urbana-.
• Entertaining villa was endowed
with every comfortable element
in its age as well as gardens and
splendid views.
• Country villae got stables,
cellars, stores and orchards
apart from the noble rooms.
72.
73. Palaces
• There were the
residence of the
emperor
• They consisted of a
numerous series of
rooms
• Their plan tended to
be regular